TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP

1. Verb tenses :
a. Present Simple, Prsent Continuous, Present Perfect, Present perfect Continuous.
b. Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past perfect Continuous.
c. Going to future, Future Continuous, will Future, Future Perfect.
2. Passive voice.
3. Modal verbs :
can, could, must, may, shall, should, would, will, ought to .
Modal Example Uses
Can They can control their own budgets. Ability / Possibility
We can’t fix it. Inability / Impossibility
Can I smoke here? Asking for permission
Can you help me? Request
Could Could I borrow your dictionary? Asking for permission.
Could you say it again more slowly? Request
We could try to fix it ourselves. Suggestion
I think we could have another Gulf War. Future possibility
He gave up his old job so he could work for us. Ability in the past
May May I have another cup of coffee? Asking for permission
China may become a major economic power. Future possibility
Might We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating Present possibility
their dinner now. Future possibility
They might give us a 10% discount.
Must We must say good-bye now. Necessity / Obligation
They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary. Prohibition
Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer. Saying what’s right or
correct
Shall Shall I help you with your luggage? Offer
(More Shall we say 2.30 then? Suggestion
common in Shall I do that or will you? Asking what to do
the UK than
the US)
Should We should sort out this problem at once. Saying what’s right or
I think we should check everything again. correct
Profits should increase next year. Recommending action
Uncertain prediction
Will I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. Instant decisions
I'll do that for you if you like. Offer
I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. Promise
Profits will increase next year. Certain prediction
Would Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? Asking for permission
Would you pass the salt please? Request
 Would you mind waiting a moment? Request
"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Making arrangements
Would you like to play golf this Friday? Invitation
"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea Preferences
please."

4. Verb patterns
1. VERB + -ing 2. VERB + to + 3. VERB + object + to +inf.
infinitive
verb + -ing afford advise
admit agree allow
adore allow (passive) ask
allow appear beg
avoid arrange encourage
can´t stand ask expect
carry on attempt force
consider choose invite
deny dare order
delay decide permit
(don´t) mind expect persuade
enjoy fail recommend
fancy forget remind
finish help teach
give up hope tell
imagine learn want
involve manage warn
keep offer would like
keep on plan eg.
postpone pretend They invited us to stay in their
practise promise house.
put off refuse She told me to come on time.
recommend seem They asked us not to make such a
risk tend noise.
suggest. threaten
eg. want
He avoided writing the test. would like to
Keep smiling! eg.
Did you enjoy reading the I can´t afford to go on
book? holiday.
He denied stealing the purse. She´s decided to give up
I don´t mind helping you. her job.
He doesn´t allow smoking in It seems to be a nice day.
his house. He agreed to lend me
He recommended staying in some money.
that You are not allowed to
hotel. smoke here.
4. VERB + -ing / to inf. 5. VERB + object + inf. 6. VERB + -ing / to + inf.
- no change in meaning - no TO in this structure -change in the meaning
begin help REMEMBER
continue let doing sth.
intend make - when you did something
start Let me show you. and now you remember it;
eg. It started to rain / raining. The news made her after you did sth.
Eg. I don´t know how the
burglar got in. I clearly
remember locking the door
and shutting the windows.
to do sth
- you remembered that you
had to do sth, so you did
it; before you did it
eg. I remembered to lock the
door but I forgot to shut the
windows.
TRY
doing sth.
- try something to see if it
works or solves the
problem
eg. – I´ve got a terrible
headache.
- Why don´t you try taking an
aspirin?
to do sth.
- attempt to do, make an
effort to do sth.
Eg. I tried to keep my open
but I couldn´t.
STOP
doing sth.
- to give up, finish with sth
completely
eg. I stopped smoking two
years ago. (I don´t do it
anymore)
to do sth.
- stop doing what you are
doing at the moment in
order to do sth else
eg. I was reading a book. The
phone started to ring. I
stopped to answer it.
 NEED
doing sth.
- sth. needs to be done
about sth else (the
meaning is passive_
eg. Look at this room. It
needs painting.
to do sth
- it is necessary for me to do
it
eg. He put on weight. He
needs to take more exercise.
I need to do the shopping
today.
REGRET
doing sth.
- I did sth and now I am
sorry about it.
Eg. I now regret saying what
I said.
to do sth.
- regret to say/tell/inform
you = I´m sorry I have to
say…
eg. I regret to tell you that
you have failed the test.
MEAN
doing sth.
- an impersonal subject,
refers to what is involved
eg. If we catch an early train,
it will mean getting up at
6.00.
to do sth
- to intend
eg. Sorry, I meant to tell you
about the party.
GO ON
doing sth.
- to continue doing the same
thing
eg. The minister paused for a
moment and then went on
talking about the education

5. Complex sentenses :
 a. Relative clauses
b. Noun clauses
c. Time clauses
d. Conditionals

6. Some other structures:

+ Get / have something done
+ Be / get used to
+ too, very, enough , so, such
+ Have to verb.