Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Asking For and Giving Certainty (Meminta Dan Memberi Kepastian)
Asking For and Giving Certainty (Meminta Dan Memberi Kepastian)
1: Siswa dapat
Merespon ungkapan meminta dan memberi kepastian
Merespon ungkapan keraguan dan menanggapi keraguan
Dalam unit ini, kita akan belajar beberapa ungkapan yaitu ; bagaimana cara merespon
ungkapan meminta kepastian, memberi kepastian dalam bahasa Inggris dan bagaimana cara
merespon ungkapan keraguan serta menanggapi keraguan.
In this chapter, we are going to learn about how to express certainty and
doubt, and how to respond to those expressions.
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MODELLING OF TEXT
Risa : Are you sure that Willy will return to Semarang this week?
The red sentence is one example of the expression of asking certainty, while
the green sentence is an example of the expression of expressing certainty.
EXPRESSIONS MEANINGS
Are you sure that ……..? Apakah kamu yakin bahwa ….?
EXPRESSIONS OF EXPRESSIONS OF
CERTAINTY
Are you quite certain about Apakah kamu cukup yakin tentang
ASKING
……? …..?
Are you sure about it? Apakah kamu yakin tentang itu?
Are you certain that ….? Apakah kamu yakin bahwa ….?
Yes, I am sure Ya, saya yakin
EXPRESSING
Definitely Pasti
CERTAINTY
A.
Lastri : Are you quite certain that Harry Potter movie will be released
this month?
B. Diana : Are you sure that our basketball team will be the runner up in
this competition?
Yosa : Of course. We have tried and exercised very hard this term.
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Yuni : Are you sure about our on-time arrival to Singapore?
Activity 2 : After reading the dialogue above, answer these questions below!
1. How many persons, are there in the dialogue above
2. Who are they?
3. What news, Ahmad has heard lately?
4. Why did the destruction of our forest happen?
5. What is the solution for saving our forest?
Activity 3 : Make a group of 2 students and make a dialogue by using certainty or
uncertainty!
Werkudoro :…………………………………..
………………………………….
………………………………….
Prabu Bismo : ………………………………..
………………………………….
Werkudoro : …………………………………..
………………………………….
Prabu Bismo : …………………………………
…………………………………
Note : ..……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………...
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……………………………………………………………………………..
Expression of expressing doubt is used when you are not certain or doubtful
about something. Expression of responding is used when you want to respond
somebody’s doubt.
The red sentence is one example of the expression of expressing doubt, while
the green sentence is an example of the expression of responding doubt.
EXPRESSIONS MEANINGS
I am doubtful about …. Saya ragu tentang …
EXPRESSIONS OF
EXPRESSING
A.
Selena: I am doubtful that Johnny will be on time.
B.
Here are some vocabularies related to the expressions above and their
pronunciation:
Now, your teacher will read those expressions available above and also some
vocabularies. Listen and repeat what your teacher says!
LISTENING SECTION
Your teacher will play an audio recording about conversations using the
expressions of Asking and Expressing Certainty, Expressing and Responding
Doubt. Work in pairs, listen to the audio recording carefully and transcribe
the dialogue. After that, identify what expressions used in each utterance
and discuss the result with your partner.
HOMEWORK
Find the meaning of these expressions and practice uttering them at home!
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3. Are you certain enough about it?
SPEAKING SECTION
Now, Work in groups consist of 3 persons and choose one of the situations
provided below.
restaurant. Then, you ask Aldo whether she is sure about the
asks Vina. Vina says that Reni has told her about it.
2. Tino gives information to Nina that she gets ten in Biology test.
not. Tino states that he only gets the information from their friends.
3. Rony hasn’t come yet to the class meeting. Doni is not certain that
Rony will come, so he asks Very whether he is certain that Rony will
come. Very is not certain about it, so that they call Rony and Rony
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After choosing the situations, make the dialogue according to the chosen
situation and perform it with your partners. Here are the other examples of
expression : Showing and Responding Doubt.
EXERCISES 1
Complete the following dialogue to answer the questions!
IT’S TIME FOR EXERCISE !!!!!
Example:
3. Dave : …………………………?
Hera : I am sure he will. He is a good tennis player.
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4. Yvonne : ………………………
Budi : Don’t worry. She will go home soon.
5. Cici : Are you sure that these shoes will suit me?
Erin : ………………These are beautiful shoes
14.
TinaA. What
: Thanks.
did you say? C. Do you repeat that?
B. Is it important? D. How come?
23. A. I’m C. I do
B. I like D. I’m sure
Ica : Anang told me that his father is going to buy him a car. Is that true?
Hadi : (24)………he told you the truth. I heard his father said about it.
Ica : (25)………about that?
Hadi : Absolutely. I was there when his father mentioned about it.
Ica24. A. :I Unbelievable.
do HeB.was just a kid.
I can C. I like D. I’m sure.
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B.Agreement D.Certainly
29. Luna said : “What a unique doll it is!” What does it mean?
A.offering help C. refusing opinion
B.giving comment about news D. asking and giving information
30. Yani : Where are you going next holiday:
Dini : ………….…..but I must go to Solo
A.I don’t doubt C. I’m ready
B. I’m not sure D.I don’t believe
Di unit 2 ini, kita akan belajar tentang bagaimana cara merespon beberapa ungkapan;
ungkapan meminta pengulangan, ungkapan menunjukkan perhatian dan ungkapan
menyatakan kekaguman.
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Speaking Situations: Asking for Repetition
Phrases for these situations
Excuse me? (Said like a question)
Pardon me? (Rising intonation)
What did you say (your name was)?
Did you say . . . ?
Can you repeat that?
Could you say that again please?
What was that again?
Sorry, I didn't catch that.
Could you speak up please?
Could you speak a little louder?
Conversation Practice
1. Pretend you are being introduced to someone at a party.
The music is very loud, and you can't hear your partner clearly.
Example,
What did you say your name was?
Cindy Carton.
Did you say Sidney or Cindy?
Cindy, like the famous model.
2. Pretend your partner is applying for a passport.
Ask him/her for personal information*
(name, birth date, address, telephone number, etc.)
Then practice asking for repetition.
For example,
What is your date of birth?
August 15, 1981.
Did you say August 16th?
No, August 15th.
*Since this is a "role play," you don't have to use actual (real) information.
You may "make up" dates, numbers, etc.
Activity 1 : Fill in the blanks spaces with expression of asking someone to repeat what
he/she says!
1. Teacher : What country hosted the 2012 Olympic Games?
Student : …………….
Teacher : Where was the 2012 Olympic Games held?
2. Coach : You miss too many balls.
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Athlete : ……………………?
Coach : I said, you missed too many balls. Try harder.
Athlete : Sorry, sir.
3. Amira : I never miss the National news.
Neny : ……………….? What news?
Amira : The national news.
4. Passer-by: Excuse me, where is the Stadium of Sriwedari?
Seller : …………………? Where is the what?
Passer-by: The Sriwedari Stadium.
Seller : Go for two blocks. It is on your left next to the hospital. You won’t miss it
Passer-by: Thank you.
5. Sasa : Excuse me, do you know how to adjust the volume?
Anggi : …………………..? How to what?
Sasa : How to adjust the volume?
Anggi : Press the left bottom.
Sasa : Thank you.
Giving and responding the interesting news : Memberi dan merespon kabar
yang menarik
To give the interesting news, we can use the following expression:
Those are some interesting news. - Have you heard that ….?
I’ve got something to tell you. - Have you heard the latest news?
I have news.
Ada beberapa ungkapan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengawali memberikan berita yang
menarik seperti:
Listen, I have interesting news!
Have you heard about the news recently?
Do you know that ….
Did you watch the news last night?
I have got some interesting news ……
Look at the dialog bellows!
Andi : Have you heard the news???
Ali : What news?
Andi : Mali pulled off a stunning fight back to draw 4-4 with Angola after trailing 4-
0 with 11 minutes left in the opening game of the Africa Cup of Nations.
Ali : Really, it must be very interesting games last night.
Andi : Yach, You should watch it.
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Dalam percakapan diatas Andi menggunakan ungkapan “have you heard the news?”
untuk memulai memberikan berita yang menarik kepada Ali. Ungkapan- ungkapan yang lain
yang telah dijelaskan juga dapat digunakan untuk mengawali memberikan sebuah berita
yang menarik.
To give response to the interesting news, we can use the following expression:
Tell me more about it! - What is it about?
What news?
Showing amazement : Menunjukkan kekaguman
Showing Amazement Responding
(Menunjukkan kekaguman) (Tanggapan)
Perfect! You’re right.
Amazing! It is.
That’s wonderful! Yeah.
How fabulous it is! Yup!
What a nice dress you are wearing! Thank you.
What a lovely flower arrangement! I think so.
Wow, that’s really cool! That’s right.
Listen to your teacher
Complete the dialogs below based on what you have heard.
Dialog 1 ;
Ms. Yuni : you know, the air pollution has become 1)__________in our town.
Ms. Ajeng: 2)___________?
Ms.Yuni : The air pollution in our town is a serious problem, isn’t it?
Ms.Ajeng : Oh, yeah. You are right. Guess what! The pollution comes mainly from 3)_______
exhaust.
Ms. Yuni : Yup! That’s why I prefer 4)___________to motorcycle.
Ms.Ajeng : 5)____________.
Dialog 2 :
Gadis : Look at the river! It’s so dirty 6)___________!
Vena : 7)____________? What did you say?
Gadis : The river is so disgusting.
Vera : 8)_____________. That’s because many people throw waste there.
Gadis : Source of 9)_________, right?
Vera : That’s right. I think we should stop throwing any forms of waste into the river.
Gadis : Yup! I hope other people think 10)__________.
Activity 3 : Fill the blanks with suitable expression
(Giving and responding the interesting news)
11. Rini : ………………………..
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Sinta : What news?
Rini : My favorite’s band will play in the city tonight.
12. Fajar : I’ve something to tell you.
Anis : ……………………..
Fajar : My father gave me a gift.
13. Anto : ……………..?
Dito : What is it about?
Anto : The Indonesian football team defeated Malaysia 2-1
14. Ryan : Listen! I’ve got hot news.
Ayu : ………………………?
Ryan : Ani has a new boy friend.
15. Hanna : …………………………
Yogi : The minister of Education will visit the school
Unit 3 ini akan membahas tentang cara-cara mengidentifikasi sebuah iklan. Iklan ada
beberapa jenis; iklan lowongan kerja, iklan produk barang dan iklan produk jasa (tempat
pendidikan, obyek wisata, perhotelan dan lain-lain). Advertisement (Iklan) adalah
pemberitahuan yang bertujuan untuk mendorong, membujuk khalayak ramai untuk membeli
atau menggunakan barang atau jasa yang ditawarkan. Iklan biasanya di pasang di media massa
seperti media cetak dan media elektronik (Koran, majalah, tabloid, radio, televise dll) atau di
tempat umum seperti baliho, billboard dan pamphlet.
Contoh iklan produk :
Memaparkan tentang spesifikasi/keunggulan dari produk
tersebut, pembuatnya, cara mendapatkannya dan mungkin
harganya.
2. What will happen if you store the refill inkbottle under the direct sunlight?
A. The ink will be dried C. The ink will last long
B. The ink keeps wet D. The color of the ink will change
3. “ To preserve unused ink ….” The similar meaning of the underlined word is ..
A. protect C. ruin
B. destroy D. neglect
Activity 3 : Create an advertisement and read in front of your friends!
1. Line 1 : make advertisement about products
2. Line 2 : make advertisement about school.
3. Line 3 : make advertisement about tourism resort.
4. Line 4 : make advertisement about job vacancies
EXERCISE : ADVERTISEMENT
Try your favorite Mexican dishes, expertly prepared from the finest ingredients. Complete
meals for less than 50 $. Superb wine and cheerful festival atmosphere at lunch and dinner.
63 Grand Street Phone: 874-7976
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Piroxicam
This product is intended for external use only.
No occlusive dressing should be employed.
Run in the gel leaving no residual material on the skin
A dosage of one gram (corresponding to 5 mg of Piroxicam)
should be applied to the affected area three or four times per day
Use in children
Dosage recommendations and indications for use in children have
not been established
ADVERTISING TRAINEE
Short Functional Text adalah teks pendek yang berisi perintah, pengarahan, sesuatu yang
harus dilakukan atau tidak boleh dilakukan yang dapat berupa larangan (prohibition),
undangan (invitation), Kartu Ucapan (Greeting Cards),pesan pendek (short message), daftar
belanja (shopping list), peringatan (notice), pengumuman (announcement), dan lain-lain yang
mengandung makna dan digunakan dalam komunikasi sehari-hari.
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Sedangkan teks essay yang berbentuk descriptive, narrative, recount, report, dan procedure
merupakan text panjang yang bisa dikategorikan ke dalam Long Functional Text (Istilah ini
tidak baku/tidak lazim digunakan)
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dengar maupun temukan di mana saja. Pengumuman tulis biasanya dipasang di tempat/papan
yang mudah dilihat orang.
A. The Functions
1. Announcement provides complete and clear information about certain events or location
B. The followings are some tips in writing announcement
1. Straightforward and ease the readers to get information quickly
2. Keep it short, inviting, and to the point.
3. Clear and complete
4. For a bad news, make a direct and no-nonsense statement.
Exercise :
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Answer these questions based the text above.
Attention, please. OSIS will hold a football competition next month. We invite all classes to join it.
Thank you
ANNOUNCEMENT
The head of this regency, Mr. Harjono, is going to visit
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our school tomorrow, Tuesday, 21st June 2011 at about
10 a.m. All students should wear the new Batik uniforms
and gather in the school hall at 9:30 to do the welcoming
ceremony. The teaching learning process before and after
the ceremony is done as usual. Please be informed.
Indrawan
Headmaster
Short messages :
A. The Functions
2. Straight forward
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Do the exercise. Read the message above then answer these questions below
1. Who leave the message?
2. Who wrote the message?
3. What should Mr. Winfield do ?
LATIHAN SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS :
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b. The customers are invited due to the loyalty
c. Computa invites the Director to have a reception
d. Mr. Ary writes an invitation for the Director
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5.What should Rejeki do after reading the memo?
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7. Whart does the sign mean?
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9. Why does each class prepare its team?
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 2.2: Siswa dapat
Mengidentifikasi berbagai informasi dalam teks monolog pendek berbentuk
Procedure/ Report
Mengidentifikasi langkah retorika dalam teks monolog berbentuk Procedure/ Report
Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikatif teks monolog berbentuk Procedure/Report.
Di dalam unit 5 ini, kita akan membahas 2 jenis teks monolog pendek yaitu ; teks
Procedure dan teks Report.
PROCEDURE
Teks procedure merupakan jenis teks untuk menunjukkan cara/bagaimana melakukan
sesuatu melalui langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan. Teks prosedur dapat berupa langkah-
langkah membuat sesuatu ataupun menggunakan sesuatu (manual book). Langkah-langkah
tersebut harus dilakukan dengan runtut sesuai urutan nomor. Hal itu berbeda dengan tip. Tip
dapat dilakukan tanpa harus mengikuti urutan nomor.
Teks prosedur terdiri atas unsur-unsur berikut;
1. Aim/ goal : mengemukakan atau memperkenalkan sesuatu yang akan dibuat atau
dikerjakan/dilakukan. Biasanya muncul dalam teks sebagai judul.
2. Materials : menjelaskan bahan-bahan atau material yang dibutuhkan. Bagian ini
bukan merupakan keharusan, tetapi biasanya ada dalam teks prosedur.
3. Steps : mencantumkan langkah-langkah dalam membuat atau melakukan sesuatu.
Adapun ciri-ciri teks prosedur adalah sebagai berikut;
a. Menggunakan simple present tense, seringkali dalam bentuk kalimat perintah
(imperative).
b. Menggunakan kata hubung temporal (first, then, next, finally) atau penomoran untuk
menunjukkan urutan.
c. Menggunakan proses material (material process).
Materials :
Some strawberry
9 table spoon sugar
2 glass plain water
Some ice
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Steps :
First, cut the strawberries into two parts or what ever you want
Then make a liquid with water and sugar before
o Prepare a glass of water
o Pour some sugar into the glass and then stir it
o A liquid of sugar and water is ready to use
Before make strawberry juice, prepare the blender and make sure its switch
is on
After that everything is ready, pour the liquid of water and sugar into the
blender
Then pour same strawberries into the blender(as you like)and the ices
Press the on button to switch it on
Wait for a minutes
Then press the off button to switch it off
Open the blender’s cup and then pour the strawberry juice into the
glass.(before, you have prepared the glass)
To make your juice more beautiful, put some strawberry on the lips of glass
and put straw
Your nice strawberry juice is ready to drink
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18. How to turn on a computer.
[ ] Press the ON/OFF button.
[ ] Make sure the computer is plugged in.
[ ] Read and follow the instructions.
[ ] Select the program to run.
19.How to iron the clothes.
[ ] Move the iron on the clothes.
[ ] Set the temperature.
[ ] Plug the iron in.
[ ] Prepare the place and the clothes.
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REPORT
Jenis teks report merupakan jenis teks yang memberika informasi tentang sesuatu
berdasarkan laporan pengamatan secara sistematis. Jenis teks ini umumnya mendeskripsikan
gejala alam, lingkungan atau ha-hal pada pengetahuan alam. Yang membedakan teks report
dan deskriptif adalah teks report menjelaskan hanya secara umum sehingga deskripsi sebuah
teks report dapat beurpa simpulan umum.
Tujuan komunikatif teks
Untuk memberikan deskripsi tentang sesuatu berdasarkan laporan pengamatan secara
umum/in general
Struktur teks
1. General identification
Pada bagian ini, diberikan klasifikasi secara umu subjek laporan yang akan
dibicarkan
2. Description
Mendeskripsikan subjek yang dibicarkan dalam bagian klasifikasi umum.
DOLPHIN
The dolphin is a toothed whale that is related to the porpoise.
The dolphin has a long, streamlined body; some species have a
prominent beaklike snout. The dolphin travels in schools and
can swim at a speed of up to 25 mph. After a gestation period of
one year, the female gives birth to one young. The young
suckles (or nurses) for up to two years. Dolphins are intelligent,
playful animals.
The common dolphin is found mostly in the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. It is about
eight feet long including a six-inch snout. The common dolphin is brownish-black above with
dark flippers and snout. Its belly is white in color. There are bands or stripes of tan or yellow
on the sides. The common dolphin travels in schools of up to a thousand or more individuals.
It feeds mainly on fish.
The bottle-nosed dolphin or bottlenose, is found in warm and temperate North American
coastal waters. It is dark gray above with lighter under parts. The bottlenose can reach up to 12
feet long and has a three-inch snout. The bottle-nosed dolphin feeds on fish, squid, and crabs.
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They can be trained to perform at zoos and aquariums. They are also used in research on
animal communication and learning.
The killer whale is found in all seas. It is black above and has a white belly. There are white
patches above the eyes and on the flanks. The killer whale is about 30 feet long with a blunt
snout and a long, pointed dorsal fin. The killer whale feeds on fish, seals, marine birds, and
other species of whale. Although killer whales can be aggressive, they have been trained to
perform at zoos and aquariums.
Dolphins belong to the family Delphinidae. The common dolphin is Delphinus delphis; the
bottle-nosed dophin,Tursiops truncatus; and the killer whale,Orcinus orca.
Dalam unit ini, kita akan membahas tentang mengungkapkan kepastian (expressing
certainty). Expressing certainty merupakan kompetensi untuk menunjukkan keyakinan atau tingkat
kepercayaan akan sesuatu. Di lain pihak uncertainty merupakan kompetensi untuk menunjukkan
suatu ketidakyakinan dan keraguan akan sesuatu.
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 3.2: Siswa dapat
Bertanya dan menjawab tentang meminta pengulangan
Bertanya dan menjawab tentang menunjukkan perhatian
Bertanya dan menjawab tentang menyatakan kekaguman
Ketika seseorang berbicara kepada kita, terkadang kita tidak mendengar jelas apa yang dia
katakan atau kita kurang paham dan kita ingin meminta dia mengulangi ucapan tersebut.
Bagaimana anda melakukan ini dalam bahasa Inggris? Berikut contoh dialognya.
A: What did you say your name was? (Siapa lagi nama anda?)
B: It’s Cathye Henderson. (Nama saya Cathye Jacklyn)
A: Did you say Andersen or Henderson? (Tadi anda bilang Andersen atau Henderson?)
B: Henderson, with an H. (Henderson, pakai H)
A: And what was your address again? (Dimana lagi alamat anda?)
B: 73 West Sunshine Blvd., Suite 501.
A: Sorry, I didn’t catch the last part. (Maaf, saya kurang jelas nomornya)
B: Do you want me to repeat it? (Apa perlu saya ulangi?)
A: I can’t hear you very well. (Saya tidak bisa mendengarkan anda dengan baik)
B: Maybe you should turn down the radio. (Barangkali radionya perlu dikecilkan suaranya)
Showing Attention
Expression that used for giving act of directing one’s thought
For Example:
•You look fantastic
•You are different today
•You look brilliant
Exercises
I.Write a dialog about ‘Showing Attention’. Then Perform it in front of the class
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II. Complete the dialog below with Attention expressions
Ayu: “How are you, today?
Adi: “I am very well. Thanks, and you?
Ayu: “I am fine, too. ………………
Adi: “I don’t think so, I am just like usual. But, thank you.”
Ayu: You are wearing a good shirt. I like it. Where did you buy?. …………..
Adi: I bought in Distro. Thanks for your attention to me.
Questions
1. Edo: “What are you doing here?”
Ali : “I am looking for English Dictionary.”
Edo : “…………………………. “
Ali : “Are you sure?. Thanks a lot.”
a.You look fantastic
b.You’ve found it
c.That’s correct
d.Don’t bother me
e.I don’t think so.
2. Justine :“You’re so different this morning”
Dadang: “May be, I had good sleep last night.
Justine : “I think so.”
The underlined words express ….
a.Sympathy
b.Unbelievable feeling
c.Pleasure
d.Surprise
e.Thank
3.Kyla: “You look pale today, what’s the matter?
Widi: “I’ve been recovered from ill.”
Kyla: “Sorry, I don’t know about it.”
The underlined words express …
a.sympathy
b.surprise
c.showing attention
d.advise
e.warning
4. Mrs. Rina: “Don’t use a knife my son! I am scare, you will be hurt.”
Son : “No, Mom. I’ll be careful.
The bold utterance expresses …
a.sympathy
b.surprise
c.showing attention
d.advise
e.warning
5. Rain: “……………………… in doing the duty.”
Rina: “Thank you for your attention.”
a.You look so sad
b.You look very incredible
c.Thanks a lot
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d.Don’t mention it
e.It’s surprise
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Meminta/menanggapi pengulangan Could you repeat the last
sentence?
Sorry, what did you say?
Sorry, I don’t follow you.
I’m sorry I didn’t hear the
last word.
Are you with me?
Have you got it?
SHOWING ATTENTION
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 4.2: Siswa dapat
Melakukan monolog pendek dalam bentuk Procedure/Report
Teks Procedure: Teks yang menjelaskan atau memberi petunjuk cara/langkah – langkah membuat
atau melakukan sesuatu.
Generic Structure: Aim/Goal - Materials/Tools - Steps/Methods
Aim/Goal, misalnya: How to make Brownies Cake
Materials berisi: bahan - bahan dan atau alat - alat untuk membuat Brownies tersebut
Note: Materials are not required for all Procedure text
Steps/Methods berisi: langkah - langkah membuat Brownies
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Methods:
1. Slice a lemon in half and squeeze the juice into a cup.
2. Take out the seeds.
3. Pour two tablespoons of juice into glass.
4. Add sugar
5. Add water and stir well
6. Taste the lemonade. You may want to add more sugar or more lemon to make it taste just right
7. Put it in ice cubes. A drop of red food coloring will make pink lemonade
atau :
HOW TO MAKE PEANUT CRUNCH
What to do :
Place the sugar, water and vinegar into a large saucepan.
Stir slowly over a low heat until the sugar is disolved
Add peanuts , increase the heat and allow to boil
Remove from the heat when the nuts have craked and the mixture appears golden brown
Allow bubbles to settle
Spoon into small paper patty cases or pour the mixture into a flat greased pan and mark into bite-size
pieces.
Mengurutkan First,..
tindakan Then,
Next,
After that,
Finally,
Make sure you…
Be careful not to…
Remember to…
Don’t forget to…
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 5.1: Siswa dapat
Mengidentifikasi makna gagasan dalam teks berbentuk Procedure dan Report
Mengidentifikasi berbagai informasi yang terdapat dalam teks berbentuk
Procedure dan Report
Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikasi teks berbentuk Procedure/Report
Mengidentifikasi langkah retorika dalam teks berbentuk Procedure/Report
Membaca nyaring teks berbentuk Procedure/Report
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leaving the fish which are then swallowed Pelicans are among the oldest group of birds. Fossils of this
genus have been found dating back 40 million years.
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Functional Text
Pay attention to the questions below and click the box to see the answer!
Example 2: Notice
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Example 3 : Shopping List
Another example of a functional text is a shopping list. Read the shopping list below!
4 loaves of bread
3 kilos of beans
1 kilo of apples
2 kilos of sugar
1 kilo of carrots
1 kilo of oranges
1 can of soft drink
Now, see the answer of the questions below by clicking the box on the left column!
Example 4 : Announcement
Read the following announcement, and click the box on the left under the questions to see the
answer!
Our school basketball matches will begin on Saturday, January 1. The events will run from
8.00 – 10.00 for the next four weeks. The final tournament will be held on February 7. For
more information, contact Rizka ( 021 12345678 )
Example 5: Instruction
Read the text and click the box on the left side to see the answer !
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 5.3: Siswa dapat
Mengidentifikasi ciri kebahasaan teks fungsional pendek, pengumuman
NOTICES
Notice atau peringatan adalah informasi singkat dan sederhana yang bertujuan untuk
orang banyak. Notice digunakan untuk member informasi, instruksi atau peringatan kepada
publik. Peringatan ini harus mudah di pahami dan mudah dibaca. Oleh karena itu,
peringatan selalu memgunakan kata-kata yang sederhana serta ditulis dengan jenis huruf
(font) yang sederhana pula dan dengan ukuran besar.
Salah satu bentuk notice adalah caution. Caution adalah peringatan atau saran yang
ditujukan untuk public tentang sebuah bahaya atau risiko yang mungkin terjadi. Jika tidak
diindahkan akan menyebabkan terluka bahkan dapat kehilangan nyawa.
The Functions
1. Prohibition notifies people not to do something. People may find this kind of notice in a
public places.
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2. Caution or warning warns people to be careful in handling something. Ignoring the notice
may cause injury or breaking the facilities.
4. The informational notice provides information that could be useful for people.
1. No smoking 6. No entry
2. Keep the room clean 7. Put the books to the shelf
3. Don’t touch the cable 8. Don’t leave the room dirty
4. No littering 9. Keep your room tidy
5. Push 10. Wet paint
Contoh lain;
Keep silent
Keep your surrounding clean Exam is in progress
Staff only
Show your member card before
You enter the library
Pincipal is available
Exercise :
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1. Where doe the notice exist?
Aswer :
1. in a public transportation
3. In a public building
Answer :
1. on a street
2. stop and see whether or not the traffic is safe enough to turn left.
3. No
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1. What should the passenger do to their baggage?
Answer :
2. in a public transportation
2. in a public transportation
GREETING CARDS
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Greeting card (kartu ucapan) adalah kartu yang mengekspresikan persahabatan atau
perasaan yang lain. Kartu ucapan biasanya diberi gambar dan tulisan yang menarik. Kartu
ucapan diberikan untuk member perhatian kepada orang lain.
Kartu ucapan dapat berupa :
4. Birthday card, diberikan pada saat
seseorang berulang tahun,
5. Thank you card, diberikan untuk
mengungkapkan rasa terima kasih,
6. Get well card, diberikan kepada seseorang yang sakit untuk mengungkapkan harapan
agar lekas sembuh,
7. Congratulation card, diberikan untuk mengucapkan selamat kepada seseorang,
8. Holiday card, diberikan kepada seseorang yang sedang berlibur.
c. Accurate addressee
exercise :
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1. Who is the best team at school?
LETTERS
Letter (surat) adalah sarana komunikasi tertulis yang biasanya dikirim lewat pos. Surat
biasanya dimasukkan dalam amplop dan dibubuhi perangko (apabila dikirim lewat pos).
surat terdiri atas beberapa bagian, yairu:
a. Alamat pengirim surat yang dituju (the inside address),
b. Tanggal penulisan surat ( the date of writing the letter),
c. Alamat orang yang dituju ( the inside address),
d. Salam pembuka (salutation/greeting),
e. Isi surat (the body of the letter), dan
f. Penutup (closing), berisi tanda tangan dan nama pengirim surat.
Surat terdiri atas 2 macam, yaitu surat pribadi dan surat bisnis. Surat pribadi baisanya
bersifat informal. Sementara itu, surat bisnis bersifat formal dan sangat terikat pada turan
yang berlaku.
LABEL
Label adalah keterangan yang terdapat di bagian luar kemasan sebuah produk/barang.
Di label produk biasanya terdapat kalimat yang menunjukkan keunggulan produk, petunjuk
penggunaan, komposisi produk, serta indikasi.
SHORT MESSAGES
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Short message (pesan pendek) adalah surat pendek yang berfungsi member tahu
seseorang tentang sesuatu. Pesan pendek diberikan ketika kita tidak dapat bertemu secara
langsung dengan orang yang kita maksud/inginkan.
Invitation
Salutation
The Sender
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 6.1: Siswa dapat
Menulis kalimat pendek dan sederhana
Menulis teks fungsional pendek dan sederhana
Ex;
Kata kerja yang ditambah –es, kata kerja (verb) yang berakhiran ;
1) SS = KISS + ES
2) CH = WATCH + ES
3) SH = WASH + ES
4) X = BOX + ES
5) O = GO + ES
6) Y = (sebelum kata huruf mati, maka “y” berubah menjadi “i”
Ex; study studies
Note :catatan
Has =menggunakan subyek she,he,it.
Have = menggunakan subyek i,you,we,they.
Ex;
-She has long hair and beautiful eyes.
-I have some books about agriculture.
PATTERN / RUMUS ;
(+) S + V1 + O + Adv
(-) S+ did not + V1 + O + Adv
(?) Did + s+ V1 + O + Adv?
Ex;
-Mahfud went to the beach yesterday.
-Zahra did not go to the beach yesterday.
-Did Zahra go to the beach yesterday?
HE - HIM HIS….
SHE - HER HER…
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IT - IT IT’S…
I - ME MY…
WE - US OUR…
THEY - THEM THEIR…
YOU - YOU YOUR…
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Tujuan Pembelajaran 6.2: Siswa dapat
Menyusun kalimat acak menjadi teks yang terpadu berbentuk Procedure/Report
Menulis Essay berbentuk Procedure
FRIED CHICKEN
Next, put the chicken in the bowl and pour fresh water into it and then put the grinder spices
on it, stir well.
Then, after they stirred well, boil the chicken until the flesh cooked and the colour changes
into white.
After that, fry the chicken using vegetable oil until the color becomes brownish.
Finally, we put the chicken on the plate and add some sauce or chili. The fried chicken is
ready to eat.
Germinating
petunia
seeds
Follow these instructions to germinate
pertunia seeds.
aim (goal)
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4. Cover seeds with a 3 mm layer of soil.
Press firmly.
Ingredients
White Rice that’s previously been cooked and refrigerated
Two Carrots
1/2 an Onion
Celery
3 Eggs
Beef Bullion
Black Pepper
Garlic Powder
Ground Ginger
Soy Sauce
Butter
Vegetable Oil
Shrimp,Chicken,and/or pork/tofu(optional)
Steps
1. Put about 6 cups of rice into your rice cooker. Let it steam until its ready.
2. Wash the vegetables. Then dice the carrots, and onions into small pieces. Set them aside
for the next step.
4. Toss the Vegetables into the pan for about 3 minutes.Then toss in the carrots and onions
for 3 minutes with the. Add the 1 teaspoon of salt into the pan.
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5. Boil the chicken or shrimp with the rest of the ingredients(optional)
8. Add an egg and scramble with the other ingredients. Add approximately 2 to 3 tablespoons
of soy sauce while frying.
Tips
You can substitute butter for oil.
There are many things you can pair up with fried rice. Here are some ideas:
o Eggs
o Tofu
o Chicken
o Ham
o Beef
o Soup
It’s recommended to use overnight left-over rice for fried rice because it is firmer than
freshly cooked rice. This will prevent rice sticking together while stir frying.
Warnings
Use caution when operating any cooking surface or container to avoid injury.
Beware when performing and “frying” operation as oil tends to “spit” from cooking surfaces,
and some food items will actually explode when exposed to hot enough oil.
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Adverb of manner : Keterangan cara
Cara Pembentukannya :
1. dengan menambah akhiran –ly pada kata sifatnya(ajective) ;
Example;
Contoh kalimat :
1) She works carefully.
2) Mr.Joko drives his car slowly.
3) He usually washes the clothes quickly.
ADVERB OF MANNER ( keterangan cara) = sama tulisanya dengan kata sifatnya (adjective)
No Adjective/kt sifat Adverb of Manner Meaning
1. hard hard Dengan keras
2. fast fast dengan cepat
3. late late Dengan lambat
Contoh kalimat :
1) We must work hard now.
2) He runs fast.
3) Atni always dances well.
EXCEPTION( PERKECUALIAN ) : GOOD menjadi WELL
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SUPLEMEN
GOODS
- The goods was not delivered in time. (X)
- The goods were not delivered in time. (V)
"Goods" adalah kata benda jamak dan diikuti kata kerja jamak.
GOODS
- He had very little money and very few goods. (X)
- He had very little money and very few possessions. (V)
''goods'' = things for sale : leather goods
''possessions'' = semua benda (hal) yang dimiliki seseorang.
GO OUT
- As soon as the bus stopped, he went out. (X)
- As soon as the bus stopped, he got off. (V)
pemakaian GET ON/OFF : get on/off a bus/train/plane dan lain-lainnya.
GOSSIP
- She told me gossips about all her relations. (X)
- She told me a lot of gossip about all her relations. (V)
gossip (uncountable) menerangkan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan pribadi orang-
orang.
Catatan : 'bits/pieces of gossip'
GUARANTEE
- May I remind you that the cassette recorder is still in guarantee. (X)
- May I remind you that the cassette recorder is still under guarantee. (V).
(be) under guarantee, NOT in
MISTAKE
- I rarely do more than three mistakes in an essay. (X)
- I rarely make more than three mistakes in an essay. (V)
yang biasa dipakai ialah = make a mistake, BUKAN ''do''.
OUT
- I felt very cold when I went out the room. (X)
- I felt very cold when I went out of the room. (V)
Out berfungsi sebagai adverb. 'Tita went out, leaving just the two of us in the room,'
Out berfungsi sebagai preposition.
Sebagai catatan, dalam percakapan imformal OUT kadang-kadang dipakai daripada OUT OF.
Contoh :'I saw someone jump out the window'.
NOISE
- I turned on the radio but there was no noise. (X)
- I turned on the radio but there was no sound. (V)
NOISE = suara keras yang tidak menyenangkan, The noise of the traffic gave ne headache.
SOUND = sesuatu (suara) yang ditangkap telinga. The sound of a guitar; the sound of music.
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NO MATTER
- No matter he tries hard, he never succeeds in passing. (X)
- No matter how hard he tries, he never succeeds in passing. (V)
no matter how much he studies.........+ main clause
no matter how often he goes..........+main clause
no matter how well he plays ...........+ main clause.
etc + main clause
- No matter the recession, sales remained high.
- In spite of the recession, sales remained high.
NO MATTER selalu diikuti oleh kata WH. No matter what.....; no matter how; no matter who.......etc
ACCORDING TO
1. According to me, we should spend more money on education. (X)
2. In my opinion, we should spend more money on education. (V)
kata "according to" tidak bisa diikuti oleh "me" atau "us".
- According to him, we should spend more money on education.(V)
- According to the head master, we should spend more money on education.(V)
ACTUAL
- We'd like to know more about the actual progress. (X)
- We'd like to know the present/current progress, not the progress in the past. (V)
actual = real (kebalikan dari 'guessed', 'supposed' dll. We think he is over sixty but his actual age is
forty-five.
present/current = kejadian atau yang sedang terjadi sekarang.
ACTUALLY
- We need to produce and export more than we do actually. (X)
- We need to produce and export more than we do at present. (V).
actually = fakta (selain apa yang dikatakan atau dipikirkan), sesungguhnya (untuk menambahkan apa
yang sudah dikatakan). People think we've got lots of money, but actually we're very poor.
at present = saat ini
ADDRESS
- She will give me her adress. (X)
- She will give me her address. (V)
address = selalu double "d"
ADVICE (1)
- We adviced him to tell the reporter. (X)
- We advised him to tell the reporter. (V)
advice = kata benda
advise = kata kerja
ADVICE (2)
- The teacher gave us a good advice. (X).
- The teacher gave us some good advice. (V)
advice adalah kata benda yang tidak bsa dihitung (uncountable)
Alternatif pemakaian : The teacher gave us a good piece of advice.
ADVISE
- I asked my doctor for her advise. (X).
- I asked my doctor for her advice. (V)
advise = kata kerja
advice = kata benda.
AFFECT
- It's a magazine about internet and their affects on our lives. (X)
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- It's a magazine about internet and their effects on our lives. (V)
AFFECT (dengan AFF) adalah kata kerja.
To affect = sesuatu yang mempunyai EFFECT (efek/dampak).
"Smoking affects your health" (= Smoking has an effect on your health).
AFFORD (1)
- A newspaper can be afforded by most people. (X)
- Most people can afford a newspaper. (V)
"Afford" jarang dipakai dipakai di kalimat pasif.
AFFORD (2)
- Andy couldn't afford paying for his education. (X)
- Andy couldn't afford to pay for his education. (V)
afford (to do) something
AFFORD (3)
- William couldn't afford himself to buy his son any book (X)
- William couldn't afford to buy his son any book. (V)
afford bukan REFLEXIVE VERB
AFFORD (4)
- I want to get my money bicycle back because I can't afford the money for a new one. (X)
- I want to get my bicycle back because I can't afford (to buy) a new one.(V)
money, jarang sekali digunakan sebagai object afford.
AFRAID
- The road to the show was very busy and we were afraid to miss the show. (X)
- The road to the show was very busy and we were afraid of missing the show (V)
be afraid to do something = takut melakukan sesuatu atau tidak bersedia melakukan
sesuatu karena anda ketakutan.
be afraid of doing something = khawatir tentang sesuatu yang akan terjadi
AGENDA
- In the right-hand pocket you will find a little black agenda that I need urgently. (X)
- In the right-hand pocket you will find a little black diary that I need urgently. (V)
agenda = sebuah daftar topik untuk diskusi/pembicaraan di dalam suatu pertemuan.
diary = sebuah buku dimana seseorang menulis perjanjian, atau hal-hal yang perlu diingat/dilakukan,
atau hal-hal yang perlu diingat.
AGES
- The glasses haven't been washed since ages. (X)
- The glasses haven't been washed for ages. (V)
since = awal dari suatu periode
AGO
- It is a month ago since I left Germany. (X)
- It is a month since I left Germany. (V)
Catatan : jangan pakai kata "ago" sebelum kata "since".
- I'm writing in reply to your letter that I've received two days ago. (X)
- I'm writing in reply to your letter that I received two days ago. (V)
Catatan :
Bentuk Present Perfect Tense tidak dipakai dengan kata-kata yang berpola Past Time seperti
yesterday, last week, a year ago.
- The inspector asked to see his ticket, as I had done few minutes ago. (X)
- The inspector asked to see his ticket, as I had done a few minutes before.(V)
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Catatan :
Kata ago dipakai untuk menerangkan suatu periode waktu di masa yang lampau yang tidak diukur dari
kejadian sekarang.
a few minutes ago = beberapa menit yang lalu
a few minutes before = beberapa men t sebelumnya.
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