Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.

It is one of the plastic

arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling
(the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but,
since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide
variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling,
or molded or cast.
Philippine sculpture Philippine Sculpture is the most familiar art forms among Filipinos. From the
transitional carving of anitos to the Santos to Christ and even heroes. Filipinos find it rather not
difficult as they are already familiar with the ways of the wood.
Brief History
Before the coming of the Spaniards, Philippine sculpture had a striking similarity with the Egyptian
sculpture which is characterized by frontal nudity. Their difference lies in the symbolism behind the
figure.

In the Philippines, particularly among the Ifugaos, the “bulol”(fertility) is considered as an Ifugao
granary god. It is a wooden sculpture in human form to assure bountiful harvests for the natives.

The bulol, or sometimes bul-ol, to us not from the Cordilleras has accepted the common notion
that this carving symbolizes a rice god who guards the Cordilleran’s rice granary.

Represented both as a man (with phallic protrusions that would make the convservative blush)
and a woman, are common staples of the Baguio, Sagada, Banaue and elsewhere up the
mountainous north tourist trade as trinkets and souvenirs.

Indeed, the original function of sculpture was religious especially in relation to ceremonies and
beliefs.

The carvings brought to the Philippines by early Arab and Russian missionaries were of beveled
type as the slanting type called Okkil. Although the word literally means “to carve” it is not confined
to carving alone but also refers to design.

Modern Period
A familiar example of sculpture with the integration of architecture is the Art Deco Style of the
Metropolitan Theater at Liwasang Bonifacio completed by Juan Arellano in 1931.
Woodcarving comes in ornamental form in the houses of the Maranao like that of
the "torogan" which features the "panolong", an extended beam carved with the Sarimanok or the
Naga design.

The Sarimanok

Bladed Weapons of the Philippines

These multi-purpose blades come in different materials and designs. Blades were made of iron
which local smiths fashioned according to their own design. Some metal blades were ornamented
with gold, silver, ivory, and brass.

Bladed Weapons

Ceramics

The Philippines has an abundant supply of ceramic clay, thus, it is not surprising that prehistoric
pottery was used by early Filipinos for religious rituals, burial jars, and other household purposes.

The word ceramic was derived from the Greek word keramosmeaning a potter; it was also derived
from a Sanskrit word meaning “to burn.”
There are different products classified under ceramics. These are pottery, glass, structural
ceramics, refractories, abrasives, cement, tiles and plastics.

Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents
the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely
traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture
was brightly painted, and this has been lost.[2]
Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large
sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or
politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the
ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in Central and South America and Africa.
The Western tradition of sculpture began in ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as producing
great masterpieces in the classical period. During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the
agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The revival of classical models in
the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo's David. Modernist sculpture
moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with
the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of found objects as finished art works.

Jose Rizal Monument

The People Power Monument is a sculpture of towering people commemorating the People Power
Revolution of 1986 located on the corner of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or EDSA and White Plains
Avenue in Quezon City.[1] It was made by Eduardo Castrillo in 1993. It is about 0.89 kilometers from the
EDSA Shrine, another monument built to commemorate the event.

Cape Bojeador
Cape Bojeador Lighthouse, also known as Burgos Lighthouse, is a cultural heritage structure in Burgos,
Ilocos Norte, that was established during the Spanish Colonial period in the Philippines.
It was first lit on March 30, 1892, and is set high on Vigia de Nagparitan Hill overlooking the scenic Cape
Bojeador where early galleons used to sail by.
After over 100 years, it still functions as a welcoming beacon to the international ships that enter the
Philippine Archipelago from the north and guide them safely away from the rocky coast of the town.
The light marks the northwestern-most point in Luzon. The northeastern-most being Cape Engaño
Lighthouse in Palaui Island, Santa Ana, Cagayan.
The 65-foot-tall (20 m) octagonal stone tower, the most prominent structure in the vicinity, can be seen
from as far away as Pasuquin town in the south and Bangui on the east on a clear day.
QUEZON CITY, METRO MANILA – Forty-nine years ago, a plane going to Athens, Greece crashed in the
ocean of Bombay, India, killing 62 passengers including 24 members of the Philippine Boy Scout
delegation going to the 11th Boy Scout World Jamboree in Marathon, Athens.
The parents of the Boy Scouts and leaders of the Boy Scout of the Philippines prayed for survivors.
Unfortunately, only five bodies of the Boy Scouts were positively identified. The rest were either charred
or were lost at sea.
The Rizal Monument consists of an obelisk set upon a platform, with a bronze sculpture at the base of the
obelisk. It is located near the site where Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896.
Contrary to popular belief, it is not the highest-elevated or tallest lighthouse in the Philippines. Corregidor
Lighthouse is higher at over 600 feet (180 m), and among the Spanish Colonial lighthouses, the tower of
Cape Melville Lighthouse is the tallest at 90 feet (27 m). In Mindoro Strait, the recently erected modern
tower at the Apo Reef Light Station rises to a height of 110 feet (34 m).
Rizal Park, also known as Luneta Park or colloquially Luneta, is a historical urban park located in the
heart of the city of Manila, Philippines

The People Power Monument

The Shrine of Mary, Queen of Peace, Our Lady of EDSA, or more popularly, the EDSA Shrine is a small
church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila located at the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Quezon City.

Our Lady of EDSA

The memorial was put up at the end of Quezon City’s Tomas Morato Street, which also crosses Timog
Avenue.

The Black Nazarene

The Oblation
10 Most Popular Sculpture in the Philippines
45-foot pylon and figures cast in bronze
was designed by the late Florante Caedo, the famed Filipino sculptor.
The Oblation is a sculpture and the iconic symbol of the University of the Philippines -
- a "completely nude figure of a young man with outstretched arms and open hands, with tilted head,
closed eyes and parted lips murmuring a prayer, with breast forward in the act of offering himself",
Commissioned on 1935 by Guilermo Tolentino
It symbolizes selfless offering of one's self to his country.
The bronze-colored concrete sculpture is 3.5 meters in height
A leaf called siempreviva (always living) and locally known as kataka-taka (literally means "startling")
covers the oblation's genitals. Kataka-taka has a characteristic of starting shoots from its very leaf. The
sculptor, said that the leaf symbolizes "the deep-rooted patriotism in the heart of our heroes".
The rocky base represents the rugged Philippine archipelago.
A competition for the design of the memorial attracted the interest of several well-known sculptors from
around the world. The first place winning design, however, was not constructed due to the failure of the
sculptor to post a bond for the duration of the monument’s creation. Instead, what was constructed was
the second place design by Swiss sculptor Richard Kissling. The Rizal Monument was completed in
1913, nearly 17 years after Rizal’s execution.
The memorial, which used to be just a round monolith, was renovated last 2008 under the auspices of
former Quezon City Mayor Feliciano Belmonte. An obelisk now stands above the old monument, topped
by a statue of Tomas Morato, the first mayor of Quezon City.

Tomas Morato
This circular monuments has 24 statues bearing the likenesses of the 24 delegates.

Sculpture of Man and

Water Buffalo (Bacolod City)
Kamay ni Hesus (Hands of Jesus) Healing Church is one
of the top Lenten destinations today here in the
Philippines.
The shrine is located on the slopes of Mt. Banahaw,
Barangay Tinamnan, Lucban, Quezon. It features a
church where healing masses are celebrated by the well
known healing priest Fr. Joey Faller. Pilgrims and those
who seek physical and spiritual healing travel and visit
Kamay ni Hesus..
Also on the site is a 290++ steps (maybe higher than the
Lourdes Grotto in Baguio City) hill with life size figures
depicting the 14 Stations of the Cross. When you reach
the top, you will find a large statue of Jesus Christ (a 50-
foot statue built in 2004)
This is a century old tradition by the Filipinos and part of
that is going to holy places and attending mass as well as
what we call as the Visita Iglesia or visiting churches.
General Douglas MacArthur Park, Leyte, Philippines
The shrine, built in 1989 originally to commemorate the memories of the People Power Revolution and its
peaceful outcome, stands on the site of two peaceful demonstrations that toppled Philippine presidents
Ferdinand Marcos (the People Power Revolution or EDSA I) and Joseph Estrada (the EDSA Revolution
of 2001 or EDSA II). It is officially called the "Shrine of Mary, Queen of Peace" or "Our Lady of Peace
Quasi-Parish", although these names are seldom used.

Bonifacio National Monument

he Andrés Bonifacio Monument, commonly known simply as Bonifacio

Monument or Monumento, is a memorial monument in Caloocan, Philippines which was designed

by the National Artist Guillermo Tolentino to commemorate Philippine revolutionary Andrés

Bonifacio, the founder and Supremo of the Katipunan. Andrés Bonifacio fought for independence

from the politically and socially ruthless colonial rule by Spain.[1] The monument 45 feet (14 m) in

height with symbolic images and other features known as the "Cry of Balintawak" is acclaimed as

one of the best monuments in the world.[2][3]

-The Black Nazarene; Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno; Mahal na Itim na Nazareno; Our Father Jesus
[the] Nazarene
-a life-sized
-dark wooden sculpture of Jesus Christ carrying the cross.-Originally with fair complexion, it turned dark
after it survived a burning ship on its arrival from Mexico.
-currently in the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo district, Manila, Philippines.
There are also three annual processions associated with this icon, most notably on January 9, celebrating
its transfer (Spanish: Translación) and enshrinement in the present Basilica, and is attended by several
million devotees.
-The statue's original Mexican sculptor is unknown but the image arrived in Manila via a galleon ship from
Acapulco, Mexico. Folk tradition attributes the dark color of the statue to a fire on the ship carrying it,
charring the white image to its present dark complexion.
-Church records in Intramuros district note that there were two identical images of Black Nazarene
brought to Manila. The first was kept in San Nicolas de Tolentino church in Bagumbayan and later
transferred to Intramuros when the old edifice was demolished. This Black Nazarene was bombed and
destroyed in the 1945 Battle of Manila.-The other statue was given by the Recollect Priests to the Quiapo
church, and it has been often mistaken by many to be the first destroyed statue during the war.
The three steps leading to the monument represents the three centuries of Spanish rule (333 years),
while the octagonal base with the 8 rays of the sun from the Philippine flag symbolizes the eight key
provinces (as written on the surrounding pavement) where Martial Law was first declared by the
Governor-General when the Katipunan held major uprisings there against the Spanish authorities - the
very location of this monument. actually depicting the place of the first such encounter by Andrés
Bonifacio and the Katipunan with the Spanish colonial army on August 3, 1896.
It is his sculptural masterpiece portraying numerous figures around an obelisk that includes events
leading up to the formation of the revolutionary group named "Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan" or Katipunan/KKK for short led by Andrés Bonifacio.

Kamay ni Hesus
located in Caloocan City, Metro Manila at the intersections of Samson Road, McArthur Highway, Rizal
Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos (EDSA) Highway.
In 1961, a plan to renovate Rizal Park resulted in a stainless steel pylon being superimposed above the
stonework obelisk of the Rizal Monument, increasing the structure’s height to 30.5 meters. The
modification was broadly disapproved of, and the pylon was removed by 1962.

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing,

and constructing buildings or any other structures.[3] Architectural works, in the material form
of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are
often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.[4]
architech

Leandro Locsin (1928-1994) was in some ways a quintessential Renaissance

man. A brilliant architect, interior designer, artist, and classically trained
pianist, Locsin was also a keen art collector, amassing a sizable collection of
fine Chinese art and ceramics during his lifetime. It is for his buildings,
however, that he is remembered. From airport terminals to memorial chapels,
arts centers to stock exchange structures, Locsin left his mark on the urban
landscape of the Philippines.

Locsin was determined to reconfigure western architectural mores for a

Filipino audience. His most substantial contribution to Filipino architecture is
the Cultural Center of the Philippines, a collection of five buildings that
demonstrate the architect’s drive to find a vernacular form of modernist
architecture. The National Theatre building within the complex is a good
example of Locsin’s trademark style. Known as “floating volume,” it consists of
a two-floor-high block of travertine marble cantilevered 12 feet into the air. The
theatre harks back to traditional Filipino dwelling huts, but on a monumentally
modern scale.

Despite the wide range of buildings Locsin created, all of them have one thing
in common: concrete. His ability to make this most monolithic of materials
appear weightless, and to elegantly combine Western brutalism with
vernacular elements, led Locsin’s peers to dub him the “poet of space.”

The father of Philippine landscape architecture, Ildefonso Paez Santos, or IP

Santos as he was known, created some of the best-loved urban spaces in the
Philippines. Landscape architecture, which deals with parks, plazas, and
green spaces, was a little-considered element of urban planning in the first
half of the 20th century. However, Santos changed that, carrying out
pioneering work that, after four decades in the profession, led him to become
National Artist for Architecture in 2006.

One of his earliest successful projects was the Makati Commercial

Center, an outdoor shopping mall in which the shop fronts and
walkways were interspersed with garden trails, fountains, and public
artworks. This led him to be commissioned to revitalize Manila’s Paco
Park, the work for which he is perhaps best remembered. A former
Spanish cemetery and Japanese ammunitions store, the park was
transformed into a national park in 1966. Between 1967-1969 Santos
revived the park’s grounds and incorporated theoriginal park structures,
including memorial sites and fortification walls, into a sPablo Antonio

One of the first exponents of modernist architecture in the Philippines, Pablo

Antonio (1901-1975) is revered as a pioneer and the foremost architect of his
time. This success was perhaps unexpected for a boy who was orphaned at
12 and who dropped out of his first architecture program. It was during his
studies at the University of London that Antonio began to shine, completing a
five-year program in only three years. He went on to revolutionize popular
architecture in the Philippines, eschewing the fashionable neo-classical style
for his own version of art deco. Antonio was acutely aware of the demands
made on architecture by the unforgiving Philippine climate. Buildings such as
the Galaxy Theatre, the Far Eastern University, and the Manila Polo Club
display practical innovations such as natural ventilation systems and
sunscreens, all of which are rendered in Antonio’s signature style: clean lines,
strong shapes, and simplicity. As Antonio’s son Pablo Jr explains, “for our
father, every line must have a meaning, a purpose. For him, function comes
first before elegance and form.”

pace for urban recreation.

Juan Nakpil
The son of veterans of the Philippine Revolution, Juan Nakpil (1899–1986)
was committed to the belief that architecture built in the Philippines should
reflect its culture and people. In his early career, Nakpil spent time studying in
the United States and France, absorbing the lessons of international
architecture. When he returned to Manila in the mid-1920s, Nakpil applied his
new-found knowledge to Filipino structures. He worked on the restoration of
the home of national hero Jose Rizal and, like Locsin, took inspiration from
traditional stilt houses, remaking them in cantilevered concrete on a mammoth
scale. His own holiday home was designed along these lines, combining
traditional nipa roofing (made out of natural materials) with a poured concrete
base. Nakpil worked on dozens of buildings across the nation, from the
Manila Jockey Club and the Quiapo Church, to the Mabini Shrine and
government departments. Despite his determination to make buildings
specifically for Filipino citizens, some of his designs were considered too
radical by the public. Nakpil’s stainless steel pylon, superimposed over a
granite obelisk memorialising Jose Rizal was unpopular and was soon
removed. But Nakpil’s failures were few, and he remained one of the
Philippines’ most popular and revered architects until his death. He was
named a National Artist for Architecture in 1973.

arlos A. Santos-Viola
An urbane young man who enjoyed lawn tennis and playing the saxophone,
Carlos Santos-Viola was also a gifted architect. He was a devout Catholic
throughout his life, and many of his best known designs were executed for
the Iglesia Ni Cristo, a Filipino religious group. Santos-Viola created churches
for the group all over the archipelago, designed in a style quite distinct from
that of his contemporaries. Instead of the monumentalism of Leandro Locsin
or the art deco simplicity of Pablo Antonio, Santos-Viola chose to incorporate
Gothic and Baroque elements into his modern churches.

The Central Temple he built for the Iglesia Ni Cristo shows these revivalist
flourishes working in harmony with Santos-Viola’s passion for geometric
shapes and, perhaps more than anything else, functionality. The desire for
functionality informed almost all of Santos-Viola’s work, and he was fond of
asserting that “the structure must not only look good but must also be made
well.”

Scupturs

Recognized as the “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture”, Abueva helped shape the
local sculpture scene to what it is now. He used almost all kinds of materials for
his sculptures such as hard wood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, cement, marble,
bronze, iron, alabaster, coral and brass.

He is consider as the "Father of Philippine Arts" because of his great works like the
famous "Bonifacio Monument" symbolizing Filipinos cry for freedom located in
intersection of EDSA and Rizal Avenue and "The Oblation" in UP signifying academic
freedom .Guillermo Tolentino was born in Malolos, Bulacan.