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Cell Structures & Functions: Cells Have Many Different Functions and Come in Many Shapes and Sizes

All cells have some basic structures in common, including a cell membrane that encloses the cell and organelles that perform specific functions inside the cell. Plant and animal cells differ in some of their organelles - plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and have a cell wall for structure, while animal cells do not. The document provides diagrams and descriptions of common organelles in animal and plant cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and cell membrane.

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Frank Mecel Arzaga Dimalanta
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96 views3 pages

Cell Structures & Functions: Cells Have Many Different Functions and Come in Many Shapes and Sizes

All cells have some basic structures in common, including a cell membrane that encloses the cell and organelles that perform specific functions inside the cell. Plant and animal cells differ in some of their organelles - plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and have a cell wall for structure, while animal cells do not. The document provides diagrams and descriptions of common organelles in animal and plant cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and cell membrane.

Uploaded by

Frank Mecel Arzaga Dimalanta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/21/2009

Cells have many different functions and come


in many shapes and sizes.

• But all cells have some parts in common:


Cell Structures & Functions
– All cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane.
Cells
C ll ffunction
i similarly
i il l iin allll li
living
i
organisms. – Cells have organelles, which are
structures inside the cell that have
Characteristics distinguish plant cells
specific jobs.
from animal cells, including
chloroplasts and cell walls.

Here is a diagram of a typical animal cell and To make cell parts visible under a
its parts. microscope, you can apply a stain to the
cells.

• Methylene blue is a
stain often used to
look at animal cells.

Cell membrane Nucleus

• The cell membrane is a • The nucleus is covered with a membrane


thin layer that that allows materials to pass in and out.
separates the inside of • It’s often called the “control center” of the
the cell from its cell because it contains DNA
DNA.
outside environment. • The nucleolus acts as
• It keeps the cytoplasm a storage area for
inside while letting materials.
waste products out. Can you identify the nucleus
too?

1
7/21/2009

Mitochondria are called the


A vacuole is the storage area of the cell.
“powerhouses” of cells.
• Vacuoles store water, food, and waste.
• Mitochondria produce
much of the energy a
cell needs to carry
out its functions.
f

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a Ribosomes are the protein factories of


series of tunnels throughout the the cell.
cytoplasm. • When ribosomes make proteins, they
release them into the ER.
• They transport
proteins from one part
of the cell to another.

Golgi bodies receive proteins and other Lysosomes contain enzymes that can
compounds from the ER. break things down.
• Lysosomes pick up
• They package these
bacteria, food, and old
materials and distribute
organelles and break
them to other parts of
them into small pieces
the cell.
that can be reused.

2
7/21/2009

The cytoskeleton is a series of fibers What organelles does this plant cell have
made from proteins. in common with the animal cell?

• It provides structure
to the cell and gives
it its shape.
shape

How are plant cells different from Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal
animal cells? cells do not.
• The cell wall is made of a carbohydrate
• Plant cells have called cellulose.
chloroplasts, but animal
• Cell walls provide structure and support for
cells do not.
the plant
plant.
• A chloroplast is an
organelle that contains a
green pigment called
chlorophyll.

When a plant needs water it wilts


Plant cells have a large central vacuole
because the central vacuoles in its cells
that stores cell sap.
are empty.
• They no longer push against the cell walls
to keep the plant upright.
• Watering
Wate i g the plant
pla t restores
e t e water
ate in
i the
central vacuoles.

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