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The Abadi Gas Field PDF
The Abadi Gas Field PDF
IPA03-G-141
H. Nagura* H. MP Bandjarnahor*
I. Suzuki* K. Kihara*
T. Teramoto* T. Swiecicki**
Y. Hayashi* R. Bird***
T. Yoshida*
The base aemula mfs can be defined on log and For a given porosity, the permeability of Facies 2
palynological data. Sediments of Zone 1, above the (Figure 8) is an order of magnitude worse than
base aemula mfs, comprise a thin succession of non- Facies 1. However, Facies 2 sands still retains good
reservoir quality sands possibly representing deposits reservoir properties. This facies is represented by
of an offshore bar in Abadi-1, whilst in Abadi-3 the sandstone in core #1 of Abadi-2. These sands are fine
interval compr ises offshore marine shales. In Abadi- to medium grained, moderately to well sorted
2ST, Zone 1 sediments are absent due to erosion. quartzarenite to subarkose/sublitharenite. In contrast
to Facies 1 sandstones, the percentage of quartz grains
Reservoir Quality is lower at 55-60 %, while the contents of other
framework grains like K-feldspar (1-3 %) and chert
Reservoir quality within quartzarenite sandstones of (1-2 %) are higher. The clay content is still minimal
the Plover Formation is dependant on a complex (0.4-2 %) and kaolinite cement content is 5-10%. The
interaction of primary depositional setting and porosity is 10-15 % and the volume of quartz
diagenesis. In the Abadi field the cleanest sands overgrowth is 10-18 %.
Facies 3 is represented by the middle part of Core #4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
of Abadi-3. This interval is below the gas water
contact and diagenetic calcite cement is dominant. The authors would like to thank BP Migas and Inpex
This sandstone is predominantly medium-grained, Masela, Ltd. for allowing this paper to be published.
moderately to well sorted, clean quartzarenite.
REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PLANS Eadington, P.J., Lisk, M., and Krieger, F.W., 1996.
Identifying oil well sites, United States Patent No. 5,
The Abadi gas field is the single largest discovery 543, 616.
made in the Indonesian waters for several years.
Predictions of a gas reservoir within the Plover Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J. and Vail, P.R., 1988.
Formation made dur ing the fast track exploration Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and
program were confirmed by Abadi-1, 2/2ST and 3 cycles of sea-level change, SEPM Special Publication,
wells. High-resolution sequence stratigraphic 42, p. 71-108.
correlations provide the framework for a practical
reservoir subdivision. Pressure data indicate the Laurie, J.R. and Foster, C.B., (ed) 2001. Studies in
existence of a single tank system, although pressure Australian Mesozoic palynology II, Association of
plots indicate the possibility of small differences Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir 24.
in gas-water contacts within the field.
Helby, R., Morgan, R., and Partridge, A.D., 1987. A
Work is now ongoing to accurately model the palynological zonation of the Australian Mesozoic, in
reservoir. Establishing a stochastic 3D geological Jell, P.A. (ed), Studies in Australian Mesozoic
model and reservoir simulation are seen as essential Palynology, Association of Australasian
steps to provide an accurate assessment of reserves Palaeontolo gists Memoir 4, p. 1-94.
range. Determining the size of the prize on offer,
which is preliminarily estimated as about 5 TCF, will Nowell, N.A., 1999. Water Washing in the Northern
then allow future delineation planning and a more Bonaparte Basin, APPEA Journal 39 (1), p. 227-247.
focused marketing effort to be undertaken. The
present major tasks are addressing the depth Seggie, R.J., Ainsworth, R.B., Johnson, D.A., Koninx,
conversion uncertainty and reservoir facies mapping, J.P.M., Spaargaren, B., and Stephenson, P.M., 2000.
which together control much of the net reservoir Awakening of a sleeping giant: Sunrise-Troubadour
volume. In addition to this subsurface work, Inpex is Gas-Condensate Field, APPEA Journal 40 (1), p.
now conducting preliminary screening of 417-436.
development concepts and commercial/marketing
evaluations in order to expedite commercialization of Whittam, D.B., Norvick, M.S., and McIntyre, C.L.,
Abadi field. Development options include Floating 1996. Mesozoic and Cainozoic tectonostratigraphy of
LNG, GTL (Gas to Liquids), DME (Dimethyl Ether), Western ZOCA and adjacent areas, APPEA Journal
and raw gas sales via pipeline. 36 (1), p. 209-232.
Figure 1 - Location map of the Abadi gas field. Contour lines indicate water depths in meters. The Abadi gas field is located within the Masela
PSC block in the eastern part of the Timor Sea, Eastern Indonesia, along the Indonesia -Australia international boundary. The deep
Timor Trough of more than 1,500 m water depth lies between the outer ridge of the Banda Arc and the Masela Block. The Masela Block
is on the upper slope area of the Australian Continental Shelf with associated water depths ranging from 300 m to 1,000 m.
Figure 2 - Tectonic elements map of the Northern Bonaparte Basin. The Abadi field lies at the eastern end of the Sunrise-Troubadour High on
the Sahul Platform. It is bounded to the east by the Masela Deep, which is the northern extension of the Calder Graben. The Malita
Graben lies further to the southwest and accommodates thick Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments. The northwest trending Goulbourn
Graben, with thick Paleozoic sediments, is located to the southeast. Timor Trough lies to the north. Well locations referenced in this
paper are indicated. Approximately 250 km west of Abadi, the Sunrise-Troubadour gas field (proved & probable recoverable reserves:
8.4 TCF; public information from Northern Territory Government of Australia) occupies the axis of the Sunrise-Troubadour High.
The Evans Shoal gas field (proved & probable recoverable reserves: 6.6 TCF; public information from Northern Territory Government
of Australia) is approximately 150 km southwest of Abadi between the Sunrise-Troubadour High and Malita Graben.
Figure 3 - Generalized stratigraphic column of the Abadi field area (age scale based on Haq et al. 1988,
and palynological zonation based on Helby et al. 1987 and Laurie and Foster, 2001). Fluvio-
deltaic to shallow marine deposits of the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation accumulated in a
pre-rift to early syn-rift tectonic regime. This formation is the main reservoir objective in the
area. Marine claystone of the lower Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Formation unconformably
overlies the Plover Formation. Overlying the Echuca Shoals Formation is the predominantly
carbonate Jamieson Formation, followed by thick prograding shelf and slope sediments of the
Cretaceous Wangarlu Formation. The Tertiary section consists of drift phase deposits,
predominantly thick shelf carbonates.
Figure 4 - Formation pressure versus Depth plot of Abadi-1, 2ST and 3 wells. The GR curves of three wells are also shown for reference. The
gas pressure data for 3 wells fall almost on the same line, suggesting the gas to be in pressure equilibrium. GWC was established at
3,900 mSS in Abadi-1. In Abadi-2ST, GWC is estimated to be approximately 3,890 mSS. In Abadi-3, no reliable formation
pressure data was acquired in the water-bearing zone below the gas column, however, the highest water is interpreted at 3,896 mSS
from the PEX log suite. Pressure data indicate the existence of a single tank system, although pressure plots indicate the possibility
of small differences in gas-water contacts within the field.
Figure 5 - Depth map of Albian seismic marker. Contour lines indicate depths in meters. The Abadi field is fault bounded to the east
and divided into two parts, a northern block and a southern block, by an east-west trending normal fault. Location of
seismic line in Figure 7 is shown. A 700 km2 “fast track area” is also shown which was selected to expedite interpretation
over the main part of the Abadi structure and to allow early delineation drilling.
Figure 6 - Correlation section of the reservoir sequences in Abadi-1, 2ST and 3. The succession can
be readily divided into a series of genetically related zones based on the presence of
bounding surfaces related to periods of rapid marine flooding. These have been named by
reference to the palynological interval in which they lie. DST intervals and cored
intervals in three wells are indicated.
Figure 7 - Seismic inline 4996 through Abadi-1 (Location shown on Figure 5). Seismic polarity is SEG normal with red as peak and black
as trough. Yellow line indicates the Albian marker which corresponds to the base of the Jamieson Formation. This marker
provided a readily mappable hor izon on seismic data throughout the area, and this became the key horizon for our interpretation.
GR curve of Abadi-1 is shown as reference. Well-developed progradational geometries are observed in the seismic interval
correlatable to the upper part of the Plover Formation in the well that, together with the well data, are indicative of shoreline
progradation.
Figure 8 - Porosity versus permeability for core plugs from Abadi-1, 2 and 3, showing clear
trends indicative of different litho-facies within the Plover reservoir section. Facies 1
shows high porosity and permeability values and corresponds to tidal delta deposits.
The data points for the sandstones of core #1 of Abadi-1 and core #1 of Abadi-3 fall in
this facies group. Facies 2 is represented by sandstone in core #1 of Abadi-2 and still
retains good reservoir properties. Facies 3 is represented by the middle part of core #4
of Abadi-3. This interval is below the gas water contact and diagenetic calcite cement
is dominant.
Figure 9 - Thin section photomicrograph of the sandstone of the Plover Formation at 3,872.12 m in
Abadi-1. Medium grained, well sorted quartzarenite containing common quartz overgrowths
that have reduced intergranular porosity. Visible porosity is moderate (13%, shown in blue)
and is mainly of intergranular type. Measured permeability is 610 mD.
Figure 10 - Porosity, permeability and thin section point count data from conventional core of Abadi-1,
2 and 3. GR curves from wireline logs and core GR measurement are also shown as
reference. The sandstones of core #1 in Abadi-1 comprise quartzarenite and framework
grains are composed mostly of quartz, with very minor amount of other framework grains
like K-feldspar, chert, metaquartzite and bioclasts. The clay volume is also low and these
indicate the well winnowed and texturally highly mature of these sandstones. The
sandstones of core #1 in Abadi 3 have almost the same characteristics, and these sandstones
are categorized as Facies 1 in the porosity versus permeability plot in Figure 8. In the
sandstones of core #1 in Abadi-2 that are categorized as Facies 2, the percentage of quartz
grains is lower while the contents of other framework grains are higher compared with
sandstones of Facies 1.