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IS 13529 (1992): Guide on Effects of Unbalanced Voltages on

the Performance of Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors [ETD
15: Rotating Machinery]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
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 ( Reaffirmed 2003 )

Indian Standard
GUIDE ON EFFECTS OF UNBALANCED
VOLTAGES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
THREE-PHASE CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS

UDC 621’313’333’025’3’: 621’317’321

0 BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

October I992 Price Group 2

Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee, ET 15

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Rotating Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division
Council.

When the line voltages applied to a three-phase cage induction motor are not equal, the currents in
the stator windings will also be unequal. A small percentage voltage unbalance will result in a
much larger percentage current unbalance.

The application of unbalanced voltages to a three-phase induction motor introduces a “negative

sequence voltage”, and this produces in the air gap a flux rotating against the rotation of the rotor,
thus tending to produce high currents. A small negative sequence voltage may produce currents in
the windings considerably in excess of those present under balanced voltage conditions.
Consequently, the temperature rise of the motor operating at a particular load and percentage
voltage unbalance shall be greater than for the motor operatmg under the same conditions with
balanced voltage.

In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from IEC Pub 892 ( 1987 ) ‘Effects
of unbalanced voltages on the performance of three-phase cage induction motors’, issued by the
International Electrotechnical Commission ( 1EC ).
 IS 13529: 1992

Indian Standard
GUHDE ON EF~FECTS OF UNBALANCED
VOLTAGES N THE PE ORMANCE OF
THREE-PHASE CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS
1 SCOPE 5 CALCULATION OF PERCENTAGE
UNBALANCE
1.1 This standard provides guidance on the
eff‘ects of unbalanced voltages on the performance 5.1 The percentage voltage unbalance may easily
of three-phase cage induction motors. be determined by a motor user from -the voltage
readings of the three phases. It is calculated by
1.2 For general information, a list of standards the following formula:
covering cage induction motors is given in
Annex A. Percelilage
voltage unbalance
2 REFERENCE STANDARDS Maximum voltage deviation
from average ioltage
= x 100
The standards given in Annex B are necessary Average voltage
adj:lncts to this standard.
5.1.1 Example
3 TER,%IINOLOGY
With voltages of 220 V, 215 V and 210 V, the
Tile terms defined in IS 1885 ( Part 35) : 1973 average voltage is 215 V, and the maximum
shall apply. voltage deviation from the avera~ge is 5 V.
Therefore:
4 EFFECTS OF UNBALANCED VOLTAGES
ON PERFORMANCE Percentage
voltage unbalance
5
The effects of unbalanced voltages on motor = -x 100 = 2’3 percent.
performance are as follows: 215

a) Currents 5.1.2 The true negative sequence voltage com-

ponent may be up to 18 percent higher than the
The currents at normal operatitig speed
value obtained from the formula.
shall be greatly unbalanced to the order of
approximately six to ten times the voltage
unbalance. 5.1.3 The above formula is given for the con-
venience of the motor user, and is only an
The locked-rotor currents shall be un- approximation of the percent negative sequence
balanced to the same degree that the voltage component. A more accurate determina-
voltages are unbalanced, but the locked- tion can be made with the aid of symmetrical
rotor apparent power shall increase only components.
slightly;

b) Torques 5.1.4 For voltage unbalances over 5 percent, a

study of the negative sequence component of the
The locked-rotor, pull-up and breakdown currents is necessary.
torques are decreased when the voltages
are unbalanced. If the voltage unbalance
should be extremely severe, the torques 6 DERATING OF MOTOR TO PREVENT
might not be adequate for the application; OVERHEATPKG

c) Full- Loud Speed 4.1 Voltages should be virtually balanced (see 3.2
The full-load speed is reduced slightly when of IS 325 : 1978 ). In some applications a
the motor operates with unbalanced greater unbalance than that permitted by
voltages; and IS 325 : 1978 may be unavoidable, and some
derating of the motor might be necessary to
4 Noise and Vibration reduce the possibility of damage from overheating.
Noise and vibration may increase with an
increase in voltage ( and current ) unbal- hOrE - Derating might not be necessary when a
motor is designed to operate (under rated conditions )
ance. The vibration could be detrimental at temperatures lower than those in accordance with
to the motor or to the entire drive system. IS 325 : 1978.

1
IS 135#9: 1992

6.2 Ty ical values of derating of single speed
three-p Rase cage induction motors rated up to
6<0 V are shown in Fig. 1. For motors of
different types and for rated outputs larger than
630 kW, the derating curve may be different and
the manufacturer should be consulted or opera-
ting temperature measurements should be
examined.
7 OVERLOAD PROTECTION DEVICES FOR
DERATED MOTORS
7.1 Where a motor is derated for operation on
unbalanced voltages, the selection and setting of
the overload protection device should take into
account the combination of the derating factor
applied to the motor and the increase in current
resulting from the unbalanced voltages. This is
a complex problem involving the variation in
motor current as a function of load and voltage
unbalance, in addition to the characteristics of
the overload protection device relative to maxi-
mum current or average current.
7.2 In the absence of specific information, it is
recommended that overload protection devices be
selected and/or adjusted at the minimum value
that does not result in tripping for the derating
factor and voltage unbalance that applies.
7.3 Where unbalanced voltages are likely, it is
recommended that the user install overload pro-
tection devices that are responsive to maximum
current rather than average current.

0 1 2 3 4

VOLTAGE UNBALANCE (PERCENT)

Fir;. 1 TYPICAL DBRATING FACTOR Due TO UNBALANCED VOLTAGES

 IS 13529:1992

ANNEX A
( Clause 1.2)
LIST OF tNDIAN STANDARDS ON INDUCTION MOTORS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

324 : 1978 Three-phase induction motors 7538 : 1975 Three-phase squirrel cage
(fourth revision ) induction motors for centrifugal
pumps for agricultural appli-
2972 Textile motors : Part 1 Loom cation
(Part 1): 1979 motors (first revision )
8151 : 1976 Single-speed Ihree-phase induc-
2972 Textile motors : Part 2 Card tion motors for driving lifts
(Part 2) : 1979 motor8 (first revision ) 8789 : 1978 Values of performance charac-
2972 Textile motors : Part 3 Spin- teristics for three-phase induc-
tion motors
(Part 3): 1979 ning frame motors ( .first
revision ) 9283 : 1979 Motors for submersible pump
sets
3682 : 1966 Flameproof alternating current 9628 : 1980 Three-phase induction motors
motors for use in mines with type of protection ‘n’
4029 : 1967 Guide for testing three-phase 12066 : 1986 Three-phase induction motors
induction motors for machine tools

ANNEXB
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

325 : 1978 Three-phase induction motors 12802 : 1992 Temperature rise measurement
(fourth revision ) of rotating electrical machines
1885 Electrotechnical vocabulary :
(Part 35 ) : I973 Part 35 Rotating machinery 12824 : 1989 Type of duty and classes of
4722 : 1992 Rotating electrical machines rating assigned to rotating
(first revision ) electrical machines

3
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