SKELETAL SYSTEM

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 Skeletal System Facts
The human skeletal system is the framework of the body and is
responsible for iron storage, endocrine regulation, blood cell
production, organ protection, support and movement. It consists of
the axial and appendicular skeleton.

Human Bones
★ The human skeleton consists of 80
axial bones, which help the body to
maintain its upright posture. It
includes the vertebral column, rib
cage and the skull.
★ The appendicular skeleton is made
up of 126 bones, which enable
locomotion and protection for major
internal organs.
★ At birth, the human body contains
around 300 bones. Growing up
makes some bones fuse through the
process of ossification, decreasing
the total number of bones to 206.
★ The skull consists of 8 cranial bones,
14 facial bones and 3 paired bones in
the middle ear with a total of 28
bones.
★ There are 52 bones comprising the
torso, which includes the hyoid bone
below the tongue, the vertebral
column of 26 bones, the ribs of 24
bones (12 each side) and the
sternum.
 Skeletal System Facts
Human Skull Basic Parts

★ The appendicular skeleton is

divided into upper and lower
extremities comprising 126
bones. The upper
extremities include the
scapula (shoulder blades),
clavicle (collar bones),
Types of Bones
humerus, ulna and radius
★ Human bones are divided into
(arm bones), and hand
different types based on size and
bones (carpal bones).
shape. Here are the following:
★ The lower extremities
★ Long bones are those with greater
include the hip bones
length and lesser width like the
forming the pelvis, femur
femur, humerus, tibia and fibula.
(thigh bones), tibia (shin
★ Short bones are mostly
bone), fibula (calf bone),
cube-shaped bones with almost
patella (knee cap), tarsal
the same length and width, like
bones (ankle bones),
the carpal and tarsal bones in our
metatarsal bones, and
hands and feet.
phalanges.
★ Flat bones are thin and usually
curved. Some bones in the skull,
the rib cage and shoulder blades
are examples.
★ Irregular bones have no definite
shape. Most of the time these
bones perform complicated
functions like the hyoid, ethmoid,
and sphenoid bones.
★ Those embedded inside a tendon,
like the kneecap and pisiform, are
examples of sesamoid bones.
 Skeletal System Facts
★ Inside bone is bone marrow, which performs the process of
haematopoiesis or development of red blood cells. In adults, it
occurs in the vertebra, the sternum, pelvis and cranium, while in
children this happens in the femur and tibia.
★ More than half of the bones in a human skeleton are located in the
hands and feet.
★ Human teeth are part of the skeletal system but are not considered
bones. Teeth are composed of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp,
which make them different to bones. Tooth enamel is a substance
that is considered the hardest part of a human body.

Bone Diseases

★ Like all organs and systems in the

human body, bones are susceptible to
tumors and cancers because they are
made of active, living cells. Some
common bone diseases are:
★ Osteoporosis - the abnormal loss of
★ Some health tips to bone mass, which makes the bone
avoid bone diseases fragile and prone to fracture.
include eating ★ Paget disease - affects the spine,
calcium-rich foods, pelvis, skull and leg bones making
doing weight-bearing them soft and causing joint pain,
exercise or activities, headaches and hearing loss.
avoiding smoking and ★ Osteosarcoma - the most common
excessive alcohol bone cancer affecting children and
drinking, and taking young adults.
additional calcium
supplements.
Name:

Human Skeleton
Skeletal
System Did you know that the number of bones in our body
decreases as we age? At birth, there are around 300
bones which decrease to 207 due to ossification.
Label the basic parts of the human skeleton.

Human Skeleton
 Human Skeleton
Skeletal
System
Answer Key

Cranium

Mandible

Scapula

Rib Cage

Radius Vertebrae

Pelvis

Femur

Patella

Tibia
Fibula

Human Skeleton
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