CABIGAO, REJMEN SAM

A54 – MATH140

PROBLEM # 1

You have a summer job that pays time and a half for overtime. That is, if you work more than 40
hours per week, your hourly wage for extra hours is 1.5 times your normal hourly wage of
P30.00. Write a piecewise function that gives your weekly pay in terms of the number of hours
you work. How much will you get paid if you work for 45 hours?
30ℎ 𝑖𝑓 0 < ℎ ≤ 40
𝑃(ℎ) = {
1200 + 45(ℎ − 40); 𝑖𝑓 ℎ > 40
𝑃(ℎ) = 30(40) + 1.5(30)(ℎ − 40)
𝑃(45) = 1200 + 45(45 − 40)
= 1200 + 45(5)
= 1,425
Therefore, P1,425 will be paid for 45 hours.

PROBLEM # 2

A manufacturer knows that the profit from selling x units of a certain item is given by the
function
𝑃 = 0.0003𝑥 3 + 9x.
Find the marginal profit for the product level of 81 units. Find the actual gain in profit by
increasing production from 81 to 82 units.
𝑃′ = 0.0009𝑥 2 + 9
𝑃′ (81) = 14.9049
𝑃(82) − 𝑃(81)
0.0003(82)3 + 9(82) − (0.0003(81)3 + 9(81)
=14.98
PROBLEM # 3
If the velocity of an object moving in a straight line is given by 𝑣 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 , then the net change
in the position of the object between t = 2 and t = 7 is
7
∫2 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
7 3
𝑡
=∫
2 3
343 8
= −
3 3
335
=
3

PROBLEM # 3

A cylindrical water container has a radius of 12cm. How fast is the water level of the container
dropping when the water is being drained at 15𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠?
𝑉𝑐 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
∆𝑣 ∆ℎ
= (𝑉𝑐 )
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
∆𝑣
= 15𝑐𝑚3 / 𝑠; 𝑟 = 12𝑐𝑚
∆𝑡
∆𝑣 ∆ℎ
= 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ( )
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
∆ℎ
15 = 𝜋(12)2 ( )
∆𝑡
∆ℎ
15 = 𝜋144( )
∆𝑡
15 ∆ℎ
=
144𝜋 ∆𝑡
∆ℎ
0.03316 =
∆𝑡

PROBLEM # 4

An oil slick on a lake is surrounded by a floating circular containment boom. As the boom is pulled
in, the circular containment boom. As the boom is pulled in, the circular containment area shrinks
(all the while maintaining the shape of a circle.) If the boom is pulled in at the rate of 5 m/min, at
what rate is the containment area shrinking when it has a diameter of 100m?

Solution:
𝑑r
Let r denotes the radius of the circular containment area. It is given that 𝑑𝑡 = −5 m/min. From the
𝑑A 𝑑r
fact that the area at time t is given by A = r 2π, where r = r(t), it follows that 𝑑𝑡 = 2rπ 𝑑𝑡= −10rπ
m2/min. Hence when r = 50m then the area shrinks at the rate of 10 · 50 · π = 500π m2/min.

PROBLEM # 5

Sand is pouring out of a tube at 1 cubic meter per second. It forms a pile which has the shape of a
cone. The height of the cone is equal to the radius of the circle at its base. How fast is the sandpile
rising when it is 2 meters high?

Solution:
Let H = H(t) be the height of the pile, let r = r(t) be the radius of the base, and let V = V (t) be the
𝐻3π 𝑑V 𝑑H
volume of the cone. It is given that H = r (which implies that V = ) and that = 𝐻2π =1
3 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑H
m3/sec. The question is to find the value of at the instant when H = 2. Thus, at that instant the
𝑑𝑡
1
sand pile is rising at the rate of 4π m/sec.

PROBLEM # 6

An open-top box is to have a square base and a volume of 13500 cm3 . Find the dimensions of the
box that minimize the amount of material used.
Solution:
Let x be the length and the width of the box. Then its height is given by y = 13500 x over 2. It
follows that the surface area is S = x 2 + 54000 x over cm2 , x > 0. The question is to minimize S.
From 𝑑𝑆 𝑑𝑥 = 2x − 54000 x 2 and d 2S dx2 = 2 + 3 · 54000 x 3 > 0 for all x > 0 it follows that the
function S has a local and global minimum at x = 30.

PROBLEM # 7

A management company is going to build a new apartment complex. They know that if the
complex contains x apartments the maintenance costs for the building, landscaping etc. will be

C(x)=4000+14x−0.04x²

The land they have purchased can hold a complex of at most 500 apartments. How many
apartments should the complex have in order to minimize the maintenance costs?

Solution:

C′(x)=14−0.08x=⇒x=175
C(0)=4000C(175)=5225C(500)=1000

The complex should have 500 apartments to minimize the maintenance costs.

PROBLEM # 8

A company can produce a maximum of 1500 widgets in a year. If they sell x widgets during the
year then their profit, in dollars, is given by,

P(x)=30,000,000−360,000x+750x²−13x³

How many widgets should they try to sell in order to maximize their profit?

Solution:
P′(x)=−360,000+1500x−x²
= −(x−1200)(x−300)=0
⇒x=300,x=1200

Evaluate the profit function at the critical points from the second step and at the end points
of the given interval. Here are those function evaluations.

P(0)=30,000,000P(300)=−19,500,000P(1200)=102,000,000P(1500)=52,500, 000

They will need to sell 1200 widgets to maximize the profits.

PROBLEM # 9
Find the slope-intercept equation of the tangent line to the graph of the function f(x) = 4x3 - 7x2
at the point corresponding to x = 3.

Solution:
When x = 3, f(x) - 45. So, the point is (3,45). Recall that the slope of the tangent line is the
derivative f'(*), evaluated for the given value of x. But, f'(*) = 12x2 - Ux. Hence, f'(3) = 12(9) -
14(3) = 66. Thus, the slope-intercept equation of the tangent line has the form y = 66x + b. Since
the point (3,45) is on the tangent line, 45 = 66(3) + 6, and, therefore, b = -153. Thus, the equation
is v=66*-153.

PROBLEM # 10

The height of a rectangular box is increasing at a rate of 2 meters per second while the volume is
decreasing at a rate of 5 cubic meters per second. If the base of the box is a square, at what rate is
one of the sides of the base decreasing, at the moment when the base area is 64 square meters and
the height is 8 meters?

Solution:
Let H = H(t) be the height of the box, let x = x(t) be the length of a side of the base, and V = V (t)
𝑑H 𝑑V 𝑑x 𝑑H
= H𝑥 2 . It is given that 𝑑𝑡 = 2 m/s and 𝑑𝑡 = 2x 𝑑𝑡 H+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 = −5 m3/s. The question is to find the
value of dx dt at the instant when x 2 = 64 m2 and H = 8 m. Thus, at that instant, one of the sides
133
of the base is decreasing at the rate of 128 𝑚/𝑠.

PROBLEM # 11

A ladder 15 ft long rests against a vertical wall. Its top slides down the wall while its bottom moves
away along the level ground at a speed of 2 ft/s. How fast is the angle between the top of the ladder
and the wall changing when the angle is π/3 radians?

Solution:
Let x = x(t) be the distance between the bottom of the ladder and the wall. It is given that, at any
𝑑𝑥
time t, 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ft/s. Let θ = θ(t) be the angle between the top of the ladder and the wall. Then sin θ
𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑θ 1 𝑑𝑥 π dθ
= . It follows that cos θ · = . Thus when θ = the rate of change of θ is given by
15 𝑑𝑡 15 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
4
= ft/s.
15

PROBLEM # 12

A rocket R is launched vertically and it tracked from a radar station S which is 4 miles away from
the launch site at the same height above sea level. At a certain instant after launch, R is 5 miles
away from S and the distance from R to S is increasing at a rate of 3600 miles per hour. Compute
the vertical speed v of the rocket at this instant

Solution:
Let x = x(t) be the hight of the rocket at time t and let y = y(t) be the distance between the rocket
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
and radar station. It is given that, at any time t, x 2 = y 2 − 16. Thus, at any time t, x · 𝑑𝑡 = y 𝑑𝑡 . At
𝑑𝑦
the instant when y = 5 miles and 3600 mi/h we have that x = 3 miles and we conclude that, at
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
that instant, 3 = 5·3600. Thus, the vertical speed of the rocket is v = = 6000 mi/h.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

PROBLEM # 13

An airplane flying horizontally at an altitude of y = 3 km and at a speed of 480 km/h passes directly
above an observer on the ground. How fast is the distance D from the observer to the airplane
increasing 30 seconds later?

Solution:
After time t (in hours) the plane is 480t km away from the point directly above the observer. Thus,
at time t, the distance between the observer and the plane is D =√32 + (480)2 . We differentiate
𝑑𝐷 1
D2 = 9 + 230, 400𝑡 2 with respect to t to get 2D 𝑑𝑡 = 460, 800t. Since 30 sec = 120hours it follows
that the distance between the observer and the plane after 30 seconds equals D = 5 km. Thus, 30
𝑑𝐷
seconds later the distance D from the observer to the airplane is increasing at the rate of 𝑑𝑡
1
∫ 𝑡 = 120 t= = 384 km/h.

PROBLEM # 14

A balloon is rising at a constant speed 4m/sec. A boy is cycling along a straight road at a speed of
8m/sec. When he passes under the balloon, it is 36 meters above him. How fast is the distance
between the boy and balloon increasing 3 seconds later?

Solution:
Let x = x(t) be the distance (in meters) between the boy and the balloon at time t. Then [x(t)]2 =
(8t) 2 + (36 + 4t)2 . From 2x(t)x 0 (t) = 128t + 8(36 + 4t). From x (3) = 24√ 5 m, it follows that
16
x 0 (3) = 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐,
√5
PROBLEM # 15

A water tank is in the shape of a cone with vertical axis and vertex downward. The tank has radius
3 m and is 5 m high. At first the tank is full of water, but at time t = 0 (in seconds), a small hole at
the vertex is opened and the water begins to drain. When the height of water in the tank has dropped
to 3 m, the water is flowing out at 2 m3/s. At what rate, in meters per second, is the water level
dropping then?

Solution:
Let H = H(t) be the height of water, let r = r(t) be the radius of the surface of water, and let V = V
(t) be the volume of water in the cone at time t. It is given that r = 3H 5 which implies that V =
3H3π 25 . The question is to find the value of dH dt at the instant when H = 3 and dV dt = −2
m3/sec . Thus at that instant the water level dropping at the rate of 50 81π m/sec.

PROBLEM # 16

A ladder 12 meters long leans against a wall. The foot of the ladder is pulled away from the wall
at the rate 1 2 m/min. At what rate is the top of the ladder falling when the foot of the ladder is 4
meters from the wall?

Solution:
Let x = x(t) be the distance between the foot of the ladder and the wall and let y = y(t) be the
𝑑𝑥 1
distance between the top of the ladder and the ground. It is given that, at any time t, = m/min.
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
From x 2 + y 2 = 144 it follows that x 𝑑𝑡 +y 𝑑𝑡 = 0. Thus when x(t) = 4 we have that y(t) = 8√ 2 and
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 √2
4· 2+8√ 2 = 0. The top of the ladder is falling at the rate =− m/min.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 8

PROBLEM # 17

You want to save $10000 to renovate your apartment and you plan to start with the initial
investment of $100 and increasing it $100 more for the next following months. But in the first
month, an additional saving of $500 will be added.
f(x) = 100x + 500
𝑥
100𝑥 2
∫ + 500
0 2
100𝑥 2 𝑥
+ 500𝑥|
2 0
2
50𝑥 + 500𝑥 = 10000
50𝑥 2 500𝑥 10000
+ =
50 50 50
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = 200
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 200 = 0
𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 10𝑥 − 200 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 + 20) − 10(𝑥 + 20) = 0
(𝑥 + 20) (𝑥 − 10) = 0
𝑥 = −20 𝑥 = 10
𝑥 = 10

PROBLEM # 18

A management company is going to build a new apartment complex. They know that if the
complex contains x apartments the maintenance costs for the building, landscaping etc. will be

C(x)=4000+14x−0.04x²

The land they have purchased can hold a complex of at most 500 apartments. How many
apartments should the complex have in order to minimize the maintenance costs?

Solution:

C′(x)=14−0.08x=⇒x=175
C(0)=4000C(175)=5225C(500)=1000

The complex should have 500 apartments to minimize the maintenance costs.

PROBLEM # 19

A manufacturer wants to make a cylindrical can to hold 250𝜋𝑐𝑚3of soup. Find the dimensions
such that the surface area is as small as possible.
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
250𝜋 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
250𝜋
=ℎ
𝜋𝑟 2
250
ℎ= 2
𝑟
250
𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟 ( 2 )
𝑟
2
500𝜋
𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 + ( )
𝑟
𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 500𝜋𝑟 −1
𝑑𝐴
= 4𝜋𝑟 − 500𝜋𝑟 −2
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝐴
=0
𝑑𝑟
0 = 4𝜋𝑟 − 500𝜋𝑟 −2
500𝜋𝑟 −2 = 4𝜋𝑟
125
=𝑟
𝑟2
125 = 𝑟 3
5=𝑟
250
ℎ= 2
𝑟
250
ℎ= 2
5
ℎ = 10
𝑑𝐴
= 4𝜋𝑟 − 500𝜋𝑟 −2
𝑑𝑟
𝑑2𝐴
= 4𝜋 + 100𝜋𝑟 −3
𝑑𝑟 2
𝑟=5
1000𝜋
= 4𝜋 +
53
1000𝜋
= 4𝜋 +
125
= 4𝜋 + 8𝜋
= 12𝜋
𝑑2𝐴
> 0 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑑𝑟 2

PROBLEM # 20

The production costs, in dollars, per day of producing x widgets is given by

C(x)=1750+6x−0.04x²+0.0003x³

What is the marginal cost when x=175x=175 and x=300x=300? What do your answers tell you
about the production costs?

Solution:
C′(x)=6−0.08x+0.0009x²
C′(175)=19.5625 C′(300)=63

Approximately $19.56 to produce the 176th widget and approximately $63 to produce the 301st
widget.