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Dengue & Leptospirosis
Dengue & Leptospirosis
This disease is carried by an infected female Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes Aegypti, also
known as yellow mosquito or tiger mosquito is the principal vector predominant in
urban areas seen in tropical and subtropical countries. These mosquitos proliferate
in clean, clear and unpolluted stagnant bodies of water used for domestic water
storage or rain filled habitats like flower vases, earthen jars, concrete water tanks,
discarded vehicle tires, ant traps, metal drums, water barrel, tin cans and any other
containers that can accumulate water up to 7 days. Typically, this mosquitos fly within
100- meter radius from the breeding place with a flight range of 50 meters and are
low flying vectors and normally harbor below the knees. This disease is transferred
to human through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito.
All individuals regardless of age or gender are at risk. The incubation period
of this disease is 3-14 days, but commonly 3-7 days. Symptoms, usually begin four
to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include:
Sometimes, symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for those of the flu or another
viral infection. Younger children and people who have never had the infection before
tend to have milder cases than older children and adults. However, serious problems
can develop. These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication
characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the
nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The
symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue
shock syndrome (DSS).
Treatment []
Preventive Measures
Primary Prevention: []
Secondary Prevention: []
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3. Platelet Count And Hematocrit (Hct) Test.
To confirm the diagnosis of dengue, a laboratory test such as platelet and
hematocrit count should be performed. A rapid decreased of platelet count in
parallel in with a rising haematocrit is a suggestive of progress to the critical
phase of dengue. If no proper laboratory services are available, the minimum
standard is the point-of-care testing of haematocrit by capillary blood sample
with the use of a microcentrifuge.
Tertiary Prevention: []
Continuity of 4’s
Dengvaxia vaccine only to those individuals who experienced dengue is the
only suitable for this kind of vaccine.
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Definition []
Mode of transmission []
Contact of the skin, especially open wounds with water, moist soil or
vegetation contaminated with urine of infected host.
Treatment: []
Penicillins and other relatef B lactam antibiotics
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
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Prevention and control: []
Improved education and awareness
Use pf protective clothing boots and gloves
Stringent community-wide rat eradication program
Avoid contact with flood water
Primary Prevention: []
Specific Protection
• Pest/ Rodent Control
• Drinking Safe/ Potable Water
• Vaccination
• Use of protective covering
• Avoiding contact with flood waters
• Droxycycline Prophylaxis
Health Promotion
• Health education/awareness
• Good sanitary practice
• Proper drainage of water
Secondary Prevention []
Tertiary Prevention []
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Symptomatic Rehabilitation