CHAPTER 10

(T.D EASTOP)
NOZZLES & JET
PROPULSION
Part 2
MAXIMUM MASS FLOW
MAXIMUM MASS FLOW Cont.
MAXIMUM MASS FLOW Cont.
MAXIMUM MASS FLOW Cont.

EXAMPLE
Solution
The same procedure is used for Ethane
 NOZZLES OFF THE DESIGN
PRESSURE RATIO

(Fig. 10.9).

Convergent Nozzle:
NOZZLES OFF THE DESIGN PRESSURE RATIO Cont.
 NOZZLES OFF THE DESIGN PRESSURE RATIO Cont.

Convergent –divergent Nozzle:

NOZZLES OFF THE DESIGN PRESSURE RATIO Cont.
NOZZLE EFFICIENCY
NOZZLE EFFICIENCY Cont.
NOZZLE EFFICIENCY Cont.
NOZZLE EFFICIENCY Cont.
NOZZLE EFFICIENCY Cont.
NOZZLE EFFICIENCY Cont.
EXAMPLE

SOLUTION
Now as

This is actually based on Isentropic -

process i.e. 𝑻𝟐𝒔
THE STEAM NOZZLE
THE STEAM NOZZLE Cont.
 EXAMPLE

SOLUTION

A,
SUPERSATURATION
 SUPERSATURATION Cont.

The steam up to the point at which condensation occurs is said

to be in metastable state, however, condensation may occur
immediately in some special case (measuring instrument)
leading to supersaturated expansion.
SUPERSATURATION Cont.
 SUPERSATURATION Cont.

Thus exit velocity also decreases in case of supersaturated flow,

nevertheless this decrease is negligible small.
 SUPERSATURATION Cont.

It is clear that specific volume at exit with supersaturated flow

(𝒗𝑹 ) is considerably less than the specific volume at exit with
equilibrium flow (𝒗𝟐 ). Now the mass flow through a given exit
area (𝑨𝟐 ) is given for equilibrium flow as:

and for supersaturated flow as:

SUPERSATURATION Cont.
EXAMPLE

SOLUTION
The 𝒉 − 𝒔 chart can not be used to find 𝒉𝑹 , and then to find
𝑪𝑹 . Thus using Eqn. (10.18):