DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

SYLLABUS
UNIT – I
SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION:
Introduction, Examples of Data control systems – Digital to Analog conversion and
Analog to Digital conversion, sample and hold operations.
UNIT – II
THE Z – TRANSFORMS:
Introduction, Linear difference equations, pulse response, Z – transforms, Theorems of
Z – Transforms, the inverse Z – transforms, Modified Z- Transforms
UNIT – III
Z-PLANE ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM:
Z-Transform method for solving difference equations; Pulse transforms function, block
diagram analysis of sampled – data systems, mapping between s-plane and z-plane.
UNIT – IV
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
State Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse Transfer Function Matrix
solving discrete time state space equations, State transition matrix and it’s Properties,
Methods for Computation of State Transition Matrix, Discretization of continuous time
state – space equations
UNIT – V
CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
Concepts of Controllability and Observability, Tests for controllability and Observability.
Duality between Controllability and Observability, Controllability and Observability
conditions for Pulse Transfer Function
UNIT – VI
STABILITY ANALYSIS
Mapping between the S-Plane and the Z-Plane – Primary strips and Complementary
Strips – Constant frequency loci, Constant damping ratio loci, Stability Analysis of
closed loop systems in the Z-Plane. Jury stablility test – Stability Analysis by use of the
Bilinear Transformation and Routh Stability criterion.
UNIT – VII
DESIGN OF DISCRETE TIME CONTROL SYSTEM BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS
Transient and steady – State response Analysis – Design based on the frequency
response method – Bilinear Transformation and Design procedure in the w-plane, Lead,
Lag and Lead-Lag compensators and digital PID controllers.
UNIT – VIII
STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS
Design of state feedback controller through pole placement – Necessary and sufficient
conditions, Ackerman’s formula.
State Observers – Full order and Reduced order observers.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

TEXT BOOKS:
T1: “Discrete-Time Control systems” - K. Ogata, Pearson Education/PHI, 2nd Edition
T2: “Digital Control and State Variable Methods” by M.Gopal, TMH

REFERENCES:
R1: “Digital Control Systems”, Kuo, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2003.
R2: “Digital Control Engineering”, M.Gopal

SESSION PLAN

Lecture Learning Objective Topics to be covered Text Books /

No Reference Books
1 Introduction to Digital Control Systems , Significance etc
UNIT – I
2,3 Introduction T1:1.1,1.2 &
R1:1.1
4 SAMPLING AND Examples of Data control systems R1: 1.2
5,6 RECONSTRUCTION Digital to Analog conversion and R1: 2.5 & 2.6
Analog to Digital conversion
7,8 sample and hold operations
R1: 2.4 & 2.13
9 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION

UNIT - II
10 Introduction
11 Linear difference equations
12 pulse response
13,14 THE Z - TRANSFORM Z – transforms T1: 2.2 & 2.3
15,16 Theorems of Z – Transforms
T1: 2.4
17,18 the inverse Z – transforms
T1: 2.5
19 Modified Z- TransformsT1: B-4 &R1: 3.8
20 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION

UNIT - III
21 Z-Transform method for solving
Z-PLANE ANALYSIS difference equations
22 Pulse transforms function
OF DISCRETE-TIME block diagram analysis of sampled –
23
CONTROL SYSTEM data systems
24 mapping between s-plane and z-plane
25 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION
 UNIT IV
State Space Representation of T1: 5.1&5.2
26 – 28 discrete time systems
Pulse Transfer Function Matrix T1: 5.3,5.4
29 – 31 solving discrete time state space
equations
STATE SPACE State transition matrix and it’s T1: 5.3;
32 ANALYSIS Properties R1: 5.6
Methods for Computation of State R1: 5.11
33 Transition Matrix
Discretization of continuous time state T1: 5.5
34,35 – space equations
36 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION

UNIT V
37,38 Concepts of Controllability and T1: 6.1, 6.2 , 6.3
Observability
39,40 Tests for controllability and T1: 6.2 & 6.3
CONTROLLABILITY Observability
41,42 AND OBSERVABILITY Duality between T1: 6.3
Controllability and Observability
43 Controllability and Observability R1: 6.4
conditions for Pulse Transfer Function
44 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION

UNIT VI
Mapping between the S-Plane and the T1: 4.1 & 4.2
45 Z-Plane
46 Primary strips and Complementary T1: 4.2
Strips
47 Constant frequency loci T1: 4.2
48 Constant damping ratio loci T1: 4.2
STABILITY ANALYSIS
49 Stability Analysis of closed loop T1: 4.3
systems in the Z-Plane
50 Jury stability test T1: 4.3
51 Analysis by use of the Bilinear T1: 4.3
Transformation
52 Routh Stability criterion
T1: 4.3
53 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION

UNIT VII
54 – 56 Transient and steady – State response T1: 4.4
DESIGN OF DISCRETE Analysis
57 TIME CONTROL Design based on the frequency response T1: 4.6
method
SYSTEM BY Bilinear Transformation and Design
58,59 T1: 4.6
CONVENTIONAL procedure in the w-plane
60,61 METHODS Lead, Lag and Lead-Lag compensators T1: 4.6
and digital PID controllers.
62 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION
 UNIT VIII
63,64 Design of state feedback controller T1: 6.5
STATE FEEDBACK through pole placement
65 Necessary and sufficient conditions T1: 6.5
CONTROLLERS AND
66,67 Ackerman’s formula. T1: 6.5
68 – 71 OBSERVERS State Observers – Full order and T1: 6.6
Reduced order observers
72 PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS DISCUSSION