December 1987 Number 17 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE. PHOWA RITUAL —On the Basis of Meridian Function, EEG, and GSR Data— by Hiroshi Motoyama, Pk EEG MONITORED DURING THE PHOWA RITUAL by Takeo Fujiki, M.D. ANALYSIS OF REAL CASES OF NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES by Cart B. Becker, Ph.D.PERFORMANCE OF THE PH On the Basis of Meridian Funct ANALYSIS OF REAL CASES OF NEAl EXPERIENCES s by Carl B. Becker, Ph.D.see FIRST EDITION 1987 Published by the International Association for Religion and Parapsychology. 4-11-7 Inokashira, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 161 Copyright reserved by the International Association for Religion and Parapsychology. ated in Japan. ; oi CONTENTS Meridian Function of the Rinpoct Analysis and Discussion of the AMI Control B, Analysis and Discussion of the AMI Data Taken before and after Performance of the Phowa Ritual. C. Conclusions. weed II. EEG and GSR of the Rinpoche. ‘A. EEG (Monopolar) and GSR Taken during Relaxation and Meditation before and between the Prayer Sessions, B. EEC (Bipolar) and CSR Taken during Relaxation — before the Prayer. C. General Changes D. General Changes during- the- Phova Sess E. Difference between the Changes Observed Prayer and Phowa Sessions. TIT. Conclusive Considerations from EEG MONITORED DURING THE PHOWA RITU/ Takeo Fujiki, M.D. ANALYSIS OF REAL CASES OF NEAR- Carl B. Becker, Ph.dregs] RENE TTT eT RER BE Reem sen M eg gengsa ayo 5 ereeery AREY I ANE se RND AAI SPRACHE agrees vg DS apangoes pocoseee Freee RE FRE Perey Fagen BREET RATES Neate ain Bins PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO ~ Sw ‘THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PHOWA RITUAL a ui: ~ On the Basis of Meridian Function, EEG, and GSR Data — by Hiroshi Motoyama, Ph.D. Director of the Institute for Religious Psychology is Director of the International Association for Religion and Parapsychology Preface The 11th Convention of the International Association for Religion and Parapsychology (IARP) was held on the 18th and 19th of June, 1983 on the theme of ‘Karma and Reincarnation’, ‘and featured speakers from different religious traditions. 4 One of the speakers, the Ven. K.C. Ayang Tulku nincostee gave a lecture on the Tibetan Phowa Ritual, which is said to be a direct method for reviving the natural pure state of. conscious ness through attempting to make an opening at the top of the head, and is to be used to transfer consciousness to a higher spiritual dimension at the moment of death. Both before and after the Convention, Rinpoche willingly agreed to be a subject for experiments conducted to observe the physiological changes which may occur during the performance of the Phowa ritual. Rinpoche’s EEG (Electroencephalograph) and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) were monitored before, during, and after the performance of the Phowa Ritual by Takeo Fujiki, M.D. (Assistant Professor and EEG s; cialist in the Department of Psychiatry at Nippon Medical School), and his co-worker. Rinpoche's meridian function monitored with the aMI!) by our staff researchers Yoheiervous and meridian systems, n dye to the per entioned above, and Fumio Akasaka. In this papery s in brain acl changes in the formance of the tivity don the data the relation ) of Yoga. 4 also change! ni are discussed base ven to Phowa ritual retween Ge Furthermore, meridians, chakras, i a reference is 8 : and Siddhi (psychic Po“er S g RINPOCHE MERIDIAN FUNCTION OF THE Rl 1 pata’?) tro. A. Analysis and Discussion of the AMI Con, mn i igure 1 AMT Data Taken_on June 17th, 1983 (Fig : @) . is rs eee polarization value (AVE BP) was power : In Fingers/Toes (F/T)+ which indicates the ; halves of the body, the 19)(4? were Less than a, The averaged be: the normal criteria. the upper and lowe! balance between . values of all four parameters (AP, TCs eee and polariza~ 1 (FeT), This indicates that nervous, meridians half of the A tive in the lower ha. tion-metabolic funetion was more ac! cntem, andl body than in the upper half. In Left/Right (L/R), lance between the left and right halve than that of s of the body, cates the bal ” the average of the left side values was larger This indicates that ner— right in three parameters (AP, TC, BP). a ° yous and meridian function was more active in the lefe hal the body than in the right- b. Individual Meridians(>) as Ki depletion(®) was observed in the Snail Intestine and Kidney gridiens, which have a close connection with the urogenital E e Liver meridian, and Ki system. There was an excess of Ki in th r a imbalance in the Spleen and Large Intestine meridians. These three meridians heve a close connection with the digestive sys— tem, Ki depletion was also found in the Heart meridian, andi KL ees conditions were found in the Lung meridian. inverse and ex 2. AME Data Taken on June 21st, 1983 (Figure 2) a. Overall Condition The averaged BP and IQ values (AVE BP & AVE IQ) were lower than the normal criteria. In the data taken two days later, his AVE BP was within the normal criteria. The lower than normal BP values on the 17th and 2ist suggest that fatigue from the trip and participation in the conference was affecting Rinpoche. All the parameters in F/T were less than 1 (F. Individual Heridians(®) The Ki depletion observed in the ‘Small Urinary Bladder meridians suggests 9 CO develop abnormalities in the urogenital system, . tt that he had been given 3 diagnosis of weal Kidney Intestine, Kidney ang ngtitutional tendency to and corresponds to his repor function. Ki exces: and Large Intestine meridians. susceptibility to disease in the digestive SY ¢ and imbalance were observed in the Liver, Spleen, This suggests @ stem as well, and constitutional would explain the stomach ulcer he has been suffering from. Along vith the correlation between meridian function and organic conditions, my long-term yoga practice has suggested @ specific connection between meridians and chakras Cin yogic tra- dition), and our studies with the AMI have verified thet when higher dimen- chakra chakra becomes active or starts to function in a sion, the meridians whicheare closely connected with that start to function beyond their usual range. This wider range of functioning is monitored as a deviation of its Ki level, and is referred to as depletion, excess, imbalance, or inverse when compared to normal criteria. The Small Intestine, Xidney, and Urinary Bladder meridians are closely connected with the Svadhishthana Chakra, and this 9 chakra is said to be the storage of the wncowsedous’?). It 48 surmised that Svadhishthana activation more easily occurred in Rinpoche because of constitutional factors. The Liver, Spleen and Large Intestine meridians have a close connection with the Manipura Chakra. This chakra is said to control digestion, emotion, imaginative power, ability for extra- sensory perception (ESP), and to have a close tie with the subtle It can therefore be surmised that the Rinpoche has a consti- tution susceptible to disorders in the digestive and urogenital systems, a wide emotional range, a strong imagination, ESP abili— ty, and the power to affect other subtle entities. Analysis and Discussion of the AMI Data Taken before and after Performance of the Phowa Ritual 1. AMI Data Taken before the Phowa Ritual (Figure 3) a. Overall Condition No significant abnormality in AP and BP values was found in the assessment of AVE, SD, F/T and L/R, except for the BP in L/R, in which the imbalance between the left and right half was beyond the normal range of criteria. b. Individual Meridians Ki depletion was observed in the Small Intestine and Urinary Bladder meridians; Ki inverse in the Kidney meridians Ki excess in the Lung and Liver meridians; and Ki imbalance in the Urinary Bladder and Gall Bladder meridians. 2. AMI Data Taken after the Phowa Ritual (Figure 4) a. Overall Condition The average BP and AP values increased, and fell within the normal criteria in the AVE and also SD assessment. AP values in F/T were higher than the upper limit of the normal criteria and indicated F>T. BP values in L/R were higher than the upper limit of the normal criteria and indicated LR. y b. Individual Meridians vt it Ki depletion was found in the Gall Bladder and Small Intestine meridians; Ki inverse in the Spleen and Heart Constrictor me ance in the Heart and Spleen meridians.3. Considerations a, all Condition ge of all the parameters Phowa ritual. utonomie Cespectally sympathe. and polarization-metabolic sepaqvers cap, TC, BP, 1) increased eave st. after the performance of the This/sugsests "actives ton and excitement of the entire a tic) nervous system, meridian system function. In F/T of AP values before th the average of e Phowa ritual, he average of the toe values ut it became F>T beyond the ritual. This nerves were finger values was smaller than (Pet) within the normal criteria, upper Limitation of the normal critera after the Suggests that during the ritual, the sympathetic the upper half of the body than in rameter of polarization and m criteria in F/T excited more in the lower half. The IQ value, the pa! smaller than the normal ‘That is, the polari- rr half of etabolic condition, was also before the performance of the Phowa ritual. zation-metabolic “function was more active in the lowe the body than in the upper half before the Phowa ritual. 01) after It also increased and fell within the normal criteria (close t No significant changes were monitored in L/R, The BP and IQ values were larger in the left and after the the ritual. in the parameters than in the right half of the body both before ritual. During the Phowa ritual, concentration is on the top of the yH) | and Buddhas and Nandalas are visualized An attempt is made to make an opening there, on of the soul from the body is strongly imag~ therefore seems to Phowa head (Brahman Gate at the same place. and the separatic ned. The increase of these finger values, suggest activation of the upper half of the body during the ritual. b. Individual Meridians Ki excess and functional excitement were monitored in the Lung meridian before and also after the Phowa ritual No abnormality was monitored in the Spleen meridian before the ritual, but inverse and imbalance in this meridian wan mont: tored afterwards, This coincides with experimental observations made on psychics at the Institute for Religious Psychology, 1.6 psychics with strong ESP ability have a tendency to show ed abnor= mal functioning and deviated Ki levels along the Spleen meridian, The same tendency has repeatedly been observed when ESP. w and/or when spiritual possession took place. It can th ae used surmised that Rinpoche used his ESP and/or was erefore be higher entities during the Phowa ritual. possessed by The Heart meridian showed imbalance after the ritual, al- though it was normal beforehand. The Heart meridian has a one connection with the Anahata Chakra‘!?) of yogic tradition and i ests tnis 9066 that the Anahata was activated during the Phowa - ae Small Intestine meridian was deficient both before and er the r: i zien itual, which suggests functional weakness of this The Urinary Bladder meridian was deficient and imbalanced before the ritual, but became normal after its completion. In Oriental medicine, the Urinary Bladder meridian is, said to ae a close connection not only with the urogentital system but with every organ and tissue in the entire body. Furthermore, it is said that this meridian distributes Ki to the brain in its course. It is surmised that the concentration on the Brahman gate during the Phowa ritual activated this meridian and nor- malized its deficiency and imbalance. The Kidney meridian became normal after the ritual, although it was deficient and imbalanced before. The Kidney meridian has a Yin-Yang relationship with the Urinary Bladder niartciaan ale and both the meridians have a close connection with the . urogenitalokra HE would appear thn gy ghthana ch Bladder meridian, toa and Svadh q Urinary sys! an ; he Kidney : z an distributed to ee enahan® Chakra became activated during 3 Sva also that the ; hows rituals performance of the Phi S iguridian Ge snversed both bessem The Heart Constric of Kis B deficiency cin indica imbalanced before the rt uny . after the rituals ee iien wee The Gail Bladder ™ B. came deficient o frerward e poth before and after but ber ie The Liver meridian was excess a ritual. ee! on_the AMI Data Taken before ne 1 Summary of the Discussions elas ‘ after the Performance of the Phowa — 11 Gondition : a. Qvera: ene the nervous, meridian, and polarization After the Phowa tive and excited, This activation and ame ac’ metabolic function bec ime mal or was more conspicuous ii ea excitement than in the lower half. ians b. Individual Merid os The individual meridians which showed significant changes before ie indiv: and after the Phowa ritual were the Spleen, Bladder meridians. n was normal before the put showed inversion (less Ki e meridians were deficient ang Kidney, and Urinary ‘The Spleen meridia ) and imbalance afterwards ritual, Gi The Kidney and Urinary Blade! imbalanced before the ritual, but became normal after the ritual, Tt ig surmised thot Ki was distributed to the Urinary Blag. Hae andividney neridians)(aeid’tovhave ‘avclose connection ‘with Ky in the brain) concentration on the Brahman Gate. inverse and imbalance in the Spleen meridian after the ritual that Ki consumption in this meridian was perhaps and that these functions became normal due to On the other hand, the Ki suggests result of possession by higher entitt and/or the use of ESP. nobility triggered by the visualization of » mandala, 2. Comparison and Consideration between the Controls and Data before and after the Phowa Ritual tefore and after the Phowa Ritual, ‘The following can be said after comparing the above considera= tions (Section C.1) with the control data taken on June 17th and 21st, 1983. a. Overall Condition In the AME control data, the average of the toe values yas larger than that of the finger values in all the parameters CAP, BP, TC, 1Q). ‘This suggests that the nervous, meridian, and polarization— metabolic function was usually more active in the lower half of Rinpache's body. However, the finger values increased in AP and 1Q after the ritual, that is, the nervous and polarization— metabolic function became more active and excited in the upper half due to the performance of the ritual. 7 The averages of the left side values were larger than those of the corresponding right side values (L>R) in all the data, except in TG monitored before the ritual. This suggests that the meridian, nervous, and polarization-metabolic function was more active and excited in the left half than in the right half of the body, whether the Phowa ritual was performed or not. b. Individual Meridians The Small Intestine, Urinary Bladder and Kidney meridians, which have a close connection with the urogenital system and Svadhish— thana Chakra, were usually deficient, as shown in the control” data. These meridians were also deficient and imbalanced in the data before the performance of the ritual. However, after the ritual, the Kidney and Urinary Bladder meridians became noi This would probably result from an increased Ki distribution in these meridians through the ritual. ition in the Liver, patance of func! ean and imbal was also indicated waval exe si . Spleen, and Large Intestine meridians tomach. S * the control data, — These meridians have r digestive systems {pura Chakra and the Ba cele co develop abnormalities in these meridians is a close connection a A constitun wit tional tendency {pdicated by these abnormal patterns. After the performance of the Phows rt Liver, and Large Intestine the Spleen meridian underwent & significant ene fe inversed and imbalanced. This easily in this tual, the condition of meridians remained un- the Stomach, changed, but tional change, indicates that meridian than in the others, Spleen meridian has a close connection with ESP ability, spiritual possession, etc t seahorse imbalance in this meridian after the ritual would pro energy through the to the use of ESP and outflow of Ki or mental energy throus! top of the head. that is, it becam functional change occurs more i te As was previously explained, the imaginative so the Ki inverse and power, (13) (E RINPOCHE Ped ceeices Relaxation and Medi~ A. EEG (Nonopolar) and GSR Taken during sotion s woo tween the Prayer Sessions ee low voltage fast waves At the beginning of the EEG measurement, pe (10 — 20pV, around 30Hz) were predominant in ad eee occipital, where a waves (9 - 13Hz) were predom = em ee probably be because the Rinpoche was tense for his oe ence of EEG measurement. However, the Slow iat oe si merged and were mixed, especially of Fe ee settee a etc. (EEG1,0001). As he became accustomed to the P' decreased. tt wave components ¢ occipital and @ mixed with predominant in other signal e- f The @ waves (around emergence of fas' 11H2) became generally constant in th ‘a smaller number of fast waves becane pick-up (electrode) sites (EEG2,0191) + 10 During the meditation, @ and @ waves (7 = Alle) mined with the fast waves (20 ~ 40nV) Were conmtant at Kyi Fs Bis Par Cu Cut A0pN, LLMs @ waves wore predominant at O, and Q,t 10= 20 mV fast and slow waves were interchangeably monitored at Fe Fe Ty and Tay However, even during the meditatton there was a tendency for high voltage slow waves to appear at Fy» Fons Fay and Pb G3,0120). Only a few GSR signala were monitored, B Bipolar) and GSR Tal urt Prayer 1, 5 = GHz, 50 - 90x high voltage slow waves were monitored for 2.5 second synchronously at Fy, - Cy and Fy = Gi. 5 = 6Hz, 40 = ‘90pV high voltage slow waves were also monitored at FR, - Fy, Fy - Fa (EBG4, 0017). There was a time-lag of about 0.1 second between the slow wa - Cy and those at F, - Fre Fy - Fas Tho GSR signals were recorded in the palm and at all the electrode sites on the head. r monitored synchronously at Fy - Gy F, 2. When the high voltage slow waves were monitored at th sites, the waves monitored at the other electrede sites were also slower and showed higher voltage than in the preceeding and following periods. 3, In the combination of Fy ~ Ty, Fx ~ Tay Fy: - Fy: For — Far Gp ~ Oy Cy - Op, T, - Oy Ty - Oy) such high voltage differences as observed in the above 4 electrode sites were not seen. 4. Emergence of high voltage slow waves was observed at F, Fu - Ci, F,- Fr, F, - Fa, with a synchronous GSR recording. This tendency was observed 2 - 3 times in successive recordings of Bipolar EEGs at the same electrode sites. The emergence | high voltage slow waves at these electrode sites indicatF,, and F; F, is the electrode site which a ioe nis 8th and 9th areas (concerned With Nigh rom the sensorimotor alee to Fis dim corresponds to Broa! tion and distinguished f tes that the center of the xeited in Rinpoche, grade mental fue Thus, the above result indica hypothalamus) as © 4 Oth areas areas). aynpathetic nerves (in the observed. while hypofunction in the 8th an C. Gonoral Changes during the Prayer 1. Compared with the o vave predominance recording of @ and fast waves @ irregularity © ave components bec: the electrode sites. in the occipital, and d tv the other electrode the mixed sites during the relaxation, frequency and increase of the slow wi able in the background activity at all rn and rhythm was observed in and the £ the voltage and the ame remark— Mong the time lapse, a fixed patte the. mixed recording of the fast, a, and slow wavess irregularity decreased. 2. High voltage slow waves (5 ~ 6H2) ver Fr, Fe, with the center at F,. These are con e monitored at Fyy Fo sidered to be the ERG taken from the cortex which corresponds to Broadnan's 8th area. This 8th area is the association center in the frontal tion. Jobe, whieh - fg concerned with high grade mental function The a cases of recorded EEG pattern was similar to that obtai ed in prain pressure in the frontal anemia, edema, and an increase of association area. abit cus BL. (Diffusive high voltage’slow-vaves (40 - 120yV, 6-82) anda waves (10 - 1lHz) vere often monitored for a duration of around 3 Pee Naiathciisthevelectrode.sites.7,- The GSR signals were often monitored (EEG5, 0066): The signals monitored at Fy and Fy were halfdanest? Chose. aty Cy, and:Cy were:nextt/ and those et Fy and Fy were third. Furthermore, the voltage was larger in th the right side, That is: e left side than in 12 70 ~ M0nV at Fy > 60 = 110,V at Fy 50 = 140nV at C, > 30 - 90nV at Cy 40 = 90pV at F, > 40 - BOuy at Fy This tendency was also observed at Fm and Fre “There! bea it seems that functional alteration more e: Aly develops in the left frontal lobe than in the right frontal tebe in Rinpoche, especially in the brain areas corresponding to F, and F,. ; The frequent emergence of high voltage slow waves c all the electrode sites during the prayer would probably come from the lower cortex. Although it 18 not clear from which part of: the lower cortex they derive, they may result from the excitation of the autonomic nerve center in the hypothalamus, This is because the GSR signals, indicator of excitation of the sympathetic nerves, were frequently monitored in the palm and at all the electrode sites during the prayer (EEG6, 0176), ; 4, Strong eye movements (similar to conjugate deviation of. the eyes) were frequently observed (EEG7, 0179). The Bth area 4s known to have a connection with such eye movements. It reported that electrical stimulation towards the 8th ar ates a conjugate deviation of the eye, and that such functdonal excitation leads to hypofunction of that area, as in the case of epilepsy. The strong eye movements in Rinpoche at the end of the prayer may therefore have been due to hypofunction of the 8th area in the frontal lobe during the prayer. D. General Changes during the Phowa Session 1. At the beginning of the Phowa session, low voltage fast, a, and slow wayes were predominant se backgound activity, but the slow waves became veto the time lapse. 2. In the electrode sites other than Q,, Ors Tay Te 13.monitored. The highest voltage waves ee : id Foes observed expecially at Fr Fe aa aah. eitivity was low . the background Ec pecame stronger than those during the Prayer, jemen nae ia were frequently monitored in the palm and at at and GSR signals the electrode sites (ERG9, 0253). we .@_during the Prayer the Changes Observe EK. Differences between 1 At the beginning of the prayer irregularity in voltage + At the 4 frequency, and a slowed wave pattern were conspicuous in an : the background activity, but a fixed h time. me. predominant wit! and sloy waves becane P g becane more predominant during Furthermore, when the high voltage slower on) were monitored at Fi, Fi, Fu, J activity became low, din the background while the voltage op pattern of mixed fast, a, Compared with this, the slow wave component: the Phowa session. waves (1 - 2 minutes durati and Fy, the voltage of the backgroun slow waves were observe activity at the beginning of both the prayer and Phowa sessions, With a time lapse they settled into 2 fixed pattern and rhythm r and lower voltage during the Fast, @ and during the prayer, and became slowe This seems to suggest that gher degree during the Phowa than the entire functioning of the Phova. brain was suppressed to a hi during the prayer. 2. High-voltage sl at all the electrode sites, s no significant difference in this observation between ow vaves of 5 - 6llz were frequently observed especially at Foi, Fors Fay and Fy. There i: the prayer and Phowa sessions. 3. The eye movements and GSR signals wer: ved during the Phowa than during the prayer. e following can be said: e more frequently obser— 4. From these observations; the ‘The degree of hypofunction of the entire cortex, especially 4 than 1000) very of the 8th area, and the excitation of the hypothalamus, was more during the Phowa, Furthermore, as wan mentioned voltage of the 5 = 6Hz alow waven wan larger at F, than at Fy, and at Fy than at Fy: that ia, it was lar, the left than in the right. This suggests a larger d functional alteration in the left. conspicuous previously, the III. CONCLUSIVE CONSIDERATIONS FROM THE AMI AND EEG DATA As previously mentioned, in both acupuncture classics and clini- cal experiences, it is found that the Urinary Bladder meridian distributes Ki to the brain as well as controlling the urogenital system. Thus, I found a comparative observation of the EEC and the Urinary Bladder meridian interesting, The function and Ki along this meridian was activated and increased during the Phowa. On the other hand, the EEG and GSR the Phowa showed hypofunction of the entire brain taken during activity, especially in the 8th,9th and 10th areas corresponding to Fy» Fy-z, and Fy-4, and indicated excitation of the autonomic nervous center in the hypothalamus. From these indications, is there any antagonistic functional relationship between the Urinary Bladder meridian and the cereb- ral cortex that would account for the hypofunctioning ‘of the when the functioning of the Urinary Bladder meridian is Is there a parallel relationship between the function or rather, of cortex increased? of the autonomic nerves and that of this meridian, the meridian system in Rinpoche? In AMI data collected for over 15 years, relationships have been observed between the AP of the autonomic nervous function) and the “BP So far, in our both parallel and antagonistic (parameter value (parameter of the meridian function). physiological tests on yogis and psychics performed with the AMI nerves value and EEG: 1) a far more active function of the autonomic 15balance and eo wan @ dynanic “A ay je and paranympath than 4) the slower Cosponents og : then wae OTR ee, 3 vorell te Oa wave (8 = 10He) were predosl trode ates in their ERGs. A comparieon vas made bet on and paychics and those ote fae ‘of the auconoaie (s: ogagen functional increase 1” the entire meridian system, ant RY ane expecially in the Urinary Blad Rinpoche during the Phova session. bserved in PS had commonly been 0! i it, ERG patterns observed during the Phowa differ from contrast. relaxation and meditation those found to be typical of yosi's s High voltage slow waves (0) were frequently mixed at all the electrode sites, especially at those corresponding to the fronta) Lec! . lobe. This indicates a more supressed function of consciousness ; = ane Deep meditation or Samadhi can only be achieveg n ‘ ssed. when conscious funetioning is supre’ I believe that the frequent emergence of slov waves during the Phowa corresponds to these experiences- t and constan| ween the above test results Rinpoche obtained during iy se nN Fujiki who took Rinpoche’s EEG in this experiment, wrote a short article quoting recent research papers in frontal lobe and “association ‘area research. His article is presented in the following pages- 16 ‘ yapathetic) nerves 5 der meridian, was observed tn These patterns vere the ongs yehics and yogis, y, — Exes] = Ki is most excessive Exe.2 —= Ki is 2nd moat exceastve Def.l -- Ki is most dofictent £ Def.2 <= Ki is 2nd most deficient Imb.l == Ki is most imbalanced Imb.«2 — Ki is 2nd most imbalanced Inv.k Ki is most inversed Inv.2 -- Ki is 2nd most inversed 1g ‘e! indicates an abnormal value deviated from the upper limits of the normal criteria hg = (Ine.) -- An increase over the corresponding value of Befor seN ----- The abnormally deviated value is : * criteria ee eell rement date Measu _ date, Measurement date: Measurement dates, une 17th, 1983 june 2ist,1983° | Measurment toe ne Conddeions: casurement rc Condithon= ee ts conditions: Inve2 10 dition tier Usual con ysual condition ATES, Te ‘ ” Subject name: subject name: { 0 ese 419.9 1245 2109 Ven Ayang F ven Ayang Stonnen ae 0.700 cee 37 40 ‘ oi 7.8 1698 1973 Rinpoche LAT einiggl 32 g Rinpoche pee, 2% 22 ant aia 3267 19.2 6 Saar 234 86 1400 wedical history: LET TinegelS tug Medical history: | Srieen Leer hoe 8 oryt 4 ee medical Rieter RIGHT FINGER y”? 26 ch ulcer Imb.1 Stomach ulcer 174 fos aby stomach bh Invel to ‘2397 i 27 1991 2727 Kidney troubles RIGHT FtnceR’g'* 3t xidney troubles | ; 2 149,591 FT FINGER Ts 22-1 FI WeRRT . RIGHT Five 33 a5 Gurrent symptoms: 1 IO ee ent symptoms: ant IN Ap 1.048 12 0,028 | RIGHT FINGER 2 eae PHN Gee a Stomach ulcer 10 g3.11L 90.782 13,9 5,6 4792 992 Stomach ulcer RIGHT FINGER 3° 243 Shall AP RIGHT FINGER 3 ie ne ress 11.0 10,2 1058 1193 Richi Fie 2°? ae as ache: see | mie Fines 12.77.3154, Def.1 Asiwipve. 1: |e Lesley nee RIGHT Finer’ 7 - suet ara 66 1363 908 raw 21.0 7-6 155 PINAY AP 8.214 te 6 saree 3 2m 26 13t3) . 22 RIGHT FINGER 6 © we sireeer te 1308 14.6. 949-1738 1109 Reaiersiians eet ae? Def.2 10 TL TE LIT 346 ; By ety : ~ foe ee 18k < ert” roe 2 xiuNey AP 9.505 eget 2I6l 7263 fue 19 S168, bid 12-8 12.8 1929 MH LEFT TOE 2. CERT TOE AE BF E526 oP 44,4 9.7 10648 1747 eee he? tone fo WS 0 heres te 5 eessanne 13.6. 2.7, 24.8 9.1 100) Minar ne 2337 wert Soe"? 1270 18I8 weet roe 6 Te 1766 2655.7 1774 131d 5 6 oe tif ry wert roe 2 Tab.2 fo ise cgiete 0°30 1303 lize 12.9 809 1826 26 ms errs muir tor nEnTEP 13.9) fe3 1550 1593 13.5 845 2397 ay tert 108 |? RIGHT TOE 2 12.9 702 1158 846 wz 5.9 8 5 = moni toe acu toeS cat aaitatt 120? 39.2 10.0 1 2. mati roe Se ! OER, ation! aa ‘ 768.0 180 re TARERS, nig intra. oes eseehgeet gy 920 33.7 9.9 nr ss a ins 4 wate Se rented tglesiae ugnnpe.set 226 | excel to ardht?rot'* 1352 468 12.8. 57.1379 90 upper lower limit 48.9 9.5 2193 4s a RIGHT TOE Sais Lamit,, esses Of NC DiRPHERGA sie ee of NCL aioM te 15.751 1528 1368 RPI | en Z pe 0029/03/26] Stock Uden ican sfoeso | samen Some i Tabs i lower upper limit of NC” limit of NC Figure 1 AMI Data (Usual Condition) Subject: Ven. Ayang Rinpoche Date: June 17th, 1983 hs ANU Figure 2 AMI Data (Usual Conditior ye a Subject: Ven. Ayang Rinpoche Date: June 2ist, 1983 19 i 18Meanucement ave June 23nd, 1989) Agcemert SUITE CONS, hefore ritual Subject name Ven Ayang, Aumpoche Nedleal history) Stomeh ulcer Kidney troubles Gurrent symptoms Stomach uleer seat Wiest Binoork nb. L Dels2 ,, Invel teint ENTER oa ALipoe Tinbe2 Exe. Cfonncit enn Phowa R: Subject: Date: wou or rr fl wr nn) it ly F r riesit 3001 ett 2.3) Socom | mani vane tt foams | eicit ina f : ica 1 yas a Hon 1 hase ino foe kA? | peat a 1A mt tie 6 ere aie LiMt ty 9 a7 ‘3 Mion 3 b079 MC 9:n22 11 pane NS oiose 3 tans tual 2 Yen, Ayang Rinpoche June 23rd, 1983 20 Faw Unt sow te tee 4, wc a, tie BFF rine 4 ebay fn \ ee einen 38 Uy Fin alge nie yt Aap P6206 ire ge 2295 We a gel 2g shat fit tr 8 Urey Sur aza oe | TAP 3019 5.9 asa a 95 4404 ny 180 361 1600 2414 76 ana m9 aay 7195 2999 0g 129? teat ot 28 St aft? 8 aos0 te 1205 274g fe W612 aie 0.5 2124 3097 EF 6.01400 A360 AMI Data Taken Before the Performance of the a AN inages i poasurenent dates ponsucenen’ Cate 10 peasutt Gone ater ei tual qubject name ine 23rd, L985 erent One| ven Ayana nnpo modical bhetory, stomach ulcer kidney troubles current eymp tomes > stomach uleer int a ine a invae wintst, rong Srnec INES, bef, Getiinne pinwoes “> wn (Ines)| =? N ee Cine.) “ inet OnEIR, iii " ras RH TRave Nentin ines) Sronnen amici Ant Oak teu ie i A 1e or 19 te te i te io ie Team S101 14M 199 ur 7 we AHS: wn ut re Shan eer eade 19g wt heel snd grate 200s uh ration e499 baer 2908 ut rihitele M409 066 aie2 1900 Un rnin OEE sia vincent aid roe aki dai fut riers Shia giz 214i 24ae iti rinee 2" 9.9 2058 S407 hana} Dalat an vee $1.8 0.92829 1741 nib rinen e Me 9 1399 2127 nr 17.9 6.9 1999 2303 RuGHT TOE 3 tne +7 1F19 2009 iG Yor 2.19.2 2148 3367 LOT Toe ou 9 2181 AMI Data Taken After the Performance of the Phowa Ritual Subject: Ven. Ayang Rinpoche June 23rd, 1983 Date: a.= Wouwssnsvau 943 Jo Jasuo oy 10332 soINUTW OF — oni (aeqodouoy ~ 1610) uoriexetoy 942 Bupng —z Oga SO, nr eaten, teats TL seer tternrernnalitthcthntdnte anemones natarhentnnticnraratcetntcannae 64) rte ner enna nel a ta HAHA etomnn hn Ame Tol \\ (|) During the Relaxation (0001 - Monopolst) s = Just after the onset of the measurene ooo! On ren ee a Trea Risser EEC 1 8 22O10 Fy ro gt att LN en pron TN SA Fa Se sete nthn AA ppp By ee tt eos oe m a franca nearer nu Btn, hf NA ttl mene pmo Gp ttn During the Meditation (0120) EEG 3 Fa-F Fa-Fe Fr-T Fe -Te T3 -O1 Te -O2 Fin C2 Fpe- Ce C3-O1 Ce =O2 Fe -Fr Fa -Fo sR BEG 4 ae fase i enim an ANNA in yn Rs oreo AAR NANA ern ne Duping the RelexatiooJBafore) the/Prayer (0017, Bipolar) ~ Emergence of ‘the high voltage slow waves — 252066 gry nt pA laren os anni ET ee cere een yA A tn pawn, ct reenameenni AMN eee Rc ceamay Arar ™ tanya rm eee I Ste tere WM rn I IT age hg NI itn ne aren nt ring the Prayer (0066) ‘e high voltage slow waves — Emergence of th 26 e17627 ‘- Syuawarow afa Jo SB8uyps0v01 quandary = (6210) 204vaq aya Buzsng = guaFe T3 Te csR During the Phowa Ritual (0253) 9 = Recordings of eye movenents and GSR signals - ares e Apparatus for Meagur. " @ tele Corresponding Thera guthor+ — This apparatus ion sei (terminal) point @ fingers or toes, ; Imsee square wave pu four parameters: — the cy, the generation of polart . before polarization (Bp) nt the total electrical chargr sion of polarization (IQ): “and eh polarization (TC). Further mqpit® in note (4). For details he CY > eo Measure and Disgnoce : e AME, ° plea of ane logy + 3. Electroph C psycherydies of Skin Propertice ghee cet Co idianss op ee and Parapsycholony No. 9, Met'glucidation of the Meridian ang Ki chpsychology No. 10, 1981; Meridjans co Sichology $0. 16, 1986. Ctr.) 2), when he did egaien heads¢ Functioning of the Entire (3) Parameters which Indicate th Organise AL Averages AVE AP (Average © {eates the organise AP indicate’ eth § polarization values) a nomic nervous and endecring Oa id environmental condi~ pola cially the funct 1 an aig yin accordance with enotions fe time of the measure tions like climate and temperature Noraal Criteria (NC), para. tent, When AVE AP is lover than the Nore AVE AP is higher than indicated; and ¥ sympathetic tonus is edt srcated- NC, then sympathetic tonus zation values) AVE BP (Average of oll the beter and is a parameter of jy defense agains! Nc, a deteriorateg eran When AVE BP is over NUE BP is highs state of meridian function ts indicate” than NC, a hyperactive state is ind” tive people show higher AVE BP than AVE IQ (Average of ali the intesl IQ indicates the homeostatic ability Oo ca fs lower than NC, a decline in the bolism is inferred. When IQ is hi a pathological function. is overactive, possibly tO CO." uc, an acute state of condition. When IQ and BP are highel than jower than NC, de~ disease is inferred; and when 1 terioration of the entire body funct fe polari harge) d electrical ¢ aved © organism. When AVE Tq tie ability and meta~ ‘the homeostatic ions B. STD (Standard deviation) ‘ i and hypo- and STD indicates the degree of equality ter a ous systems, and hyper= function of the meridian, synpathet® homeostatic function in the organism C. F/T (Finger values/Toe values) the upper PIT Indiceces the balance of bodily function Perveen pper and lower halves of the body. D. L/R (Left side values/right side values) he left DIRE aca tae: the Selaene of bodily. function. between, Fe “ Fight halves of the body. (4) 4 Parameters (AP, TC, BP, 1Q) monitored wath the Mt BES ARE GE vole 1s the 1eveliof the initial peok currere whic travelé - between. the electrodes in the skin structyr’ % per Bi? application of the external potential (see the Eh etre A org (id). The duration of the BP current is less than Iusee one OE takes around 50sec for the formation of polarization: erefore 32 jal high pie a0 setae ey Current flows 4, peterson to the external eee etn gan the skin. struct directh" ap current flows in thee potentials att the Strevaneg getermined by the phy’ and’ enAPProximately 70% connective Lissue, —wnicp sonchemtea ete BP values” are ye thought to course, The i where t] Tonment of tha or) san® hich refl is ter W ects tl thu. Pp ane che condition of Ss thought to the AP value is the st, to flow after polariznn iz coeate diracere uw mn. MET the externally applied potencies Place, Thee unten con= 1 al, rent cer the completion of polarization pecan y, 10m dn the d a lermis istance agai bei ree tne DaTTaGh weaken etad potentaatt StS AS an offec= Ojermis for the most fareyuctit Current flows cot Polariza- opie 1/30 of the BP current, gre i AP Heieeane nly 4 the meability of the barrie: P current flows poco rey to correspond asurenents, alues havea tho he patch. with the function and the Al 10 penerate polarization, and @ total e: is figu jer the current-response cur Bured as th vageracted (see note (1)). 19 ge qhengt ne AP Static function of the organisn, ought to lectrical ener, 8) eon ea reaaining ‘component has been Teflect the homeo= qghe TC value is a measy cal capacita the es on both sides represents the speed of polariz, Polarization pheno: capacitance. roduct of resistance and (5) According to Chinese medicine, punan body are nedntained and cree eae functions of the force called it (chit ini Chinese); easenctaniy thes senenie prana in yoric tradition. Ki 4s said to circu Ly cheaeeeto ae Pace system of interconnected channels, . or weceursee ony tment which are considered as being major). Whe; meridians (twelve of feridians is smooth and balanced, ‘the or, 3 ce flow of Ki as the however, Kivis blocked/and becomes excessive or ieee te Myecific meridians, then a functional disorder settee ponding organs and tissues results, order in the: pring about an organic disorder there. ‘The major_meridians’are bilaterally symmetrical, ns 336jeh forma particu, meridians wh ar y. sic couPUNE T relatsonsners Ginette 8 1a a the Yin~’ airs. (tr.) t of the twelve 22J°r meridians a” in-veyeridian Yin Meridian i Large Intestine Neridia Long Neridian Filer Stomach Neridian n Spleen Neridian ey Small Intestine Meriqy, tee Herter Kidney Neri ieee gited rid Heart Constril Meridian Gall Bladder Meridian. Liver Meridian tional jevel of the parti ¢ the £URETD pa jor and 2 independent) 18t jimper assigned NeXt £0 the pmaeridian. The small nunbe, rs (6) The relative rank ©: the peridian among th? 1 red by tl an individual is of enc (RE) values of each paranerindicate 2 melatively excessive st, parameter © 12 - 14), a deficient ‘ate State (1 = 3) in each H bers j the high Ne r ‘ of functioning, and T°. "pp value 4s (re parameter of the Ki gqo0 of functioning- and its functioning! is ranked 12 - 14 4 p value 15 i ( th (a) The meridions nose BP YOr"C acing Ki deficiency and aa classified 9S "Deficient! » Ae ridin Bich shows the low Lerferaced fame yp as aed 7G 'Nost Deficient’. est value in que is ranked 1 ~ 3rd are cl cadens whoseTBE Ve vee (a) The eer ecesshves indicating Ki ar on excessive functionil ‘The meridian which shows the ighest value jn EE Tost Excessive * (RE + 1%)/2 is defined 45 gin note (5) there is a Yin-Yang rela_ (c) As was explaine In the tionship among the 12 major a pair aS eee State of functioning, the BP value 0} 1 gher than Sere gf stne Yang pair tien their normal functionay state is disturbed. the BP value of the aie pair becomes higher than that of the Yin pair, This inverse competition ‘Inversed'- of Ki and functioning is termed ge bilateral imbalance ich have 8 lar ) whi branches of the bi~ (4) The meridian(s f So eae etas patwesniche 2100" 20) reer at, indicating K Rat fined as ‘Imbalance + ing Ki ai eral system are define! ht and the left. ag functional imbalance between the rigl ge vord ‘Chakra’ around 30 years ago when was listening to a lecture on Yoga by the Rev. Kanzo Miura, T. wac given the strong:impression tht the chakras have a very important’ role in spiritual awakening) and that motivated me to start yoga practices: I got uP daily at 3:00 a.m-, did water eee oie sagas sctand{estitor.three boVsovr hours after that. (7) I first encountered th: 34 o three months later, T qwo "Sceyx and a feverish aa tae nee cot ecnettaeh ase ele es tae phrough the top of es very quickly. op 9 the head pod existenc| , I Mi + Some~ hole e was gradually ey it)! hi 5 ener ye ad the exe git " ny carted sation iqeet 8 8 a ce, I saw a x priences round ‘Pand exper se" ight between the ered Tight in Te Paraliee tence thot shitty perception of the yebrows. Thesi® abdomen, “ith this sensor py extrasensory ae ese Lights cored & white panie® oad an intuitive eption, suchas. °*Perien ean extra- 1i¥°5¢yakra means rip understanding ch 88 seeing ce was accon— pigious , Practice, eeciae Light! ae cnitae Bagot, past te f the bod of li skrit. 5 5° ys | The follogenzteht ar Rake Hin; € perceived at ue. toes at ports jakras Erom the Yo, iB is ga~shikk; taken as @ Upani: @n explanation of une Ted _ ‘detailed passages concerning the crag, wich 6 Onta} 08 dst sha chakras anong ae the The svadhisthana chakra, which i Ipani— jies at the root of the geni is hexagon; at the navel is ten-sided itals. The Se ee: as the Before Pol. : (a) e Polarization Cer of the San Condition of the aute (BP) is the . © Meridian: le. para— 'S» the £oll ¥ owing £ the indi egcussion individ digninatson of the BP adividual. meridian is gi x ven ‘based. on. the In yogic tradition, i < 7 » itas een specific organs/tissues and cat (i sues snd eae ‘ cra: @ correlation sl Di wessie, ‘Disorder of the di exerected in the Liver the Sigestive ay. in acupuncture; fo: reflec"Tatestine meridi pleen, Call Blo wena 7 aor soll Intestine erddiane aad’ toodegeladier, Stomach ny cases sol) fective for correcting the disorder, Nese ME Large and Dr Motoyama's long term s disorder." meridians is yactice has led him to the cor tudy of ac : based on essentially cee ‘enchts ted. urthe! ‘ ner; reeres, orane/ eee this close correlati ed with the AMI and and meridians has elation becvccatee er instrument: _ scientific: EK ifically Instit ae ee a etled ene ant Bibabantene diy : le correspc ERRORS reference: uy studi our tetween them is tabled belo w for the re eaders!Kidney, Urinary y. Small Intestine ola & Triple Heater’ & ive system Liver, Gall Stomach, Spieintd Intestine & Sma} ea Intestine ay pigert syatem Heart, Heart careuatory SY & Small Tnteaies anahata peapirator? system yisnaddht ous Urinary Blad. . acral Nery Tnteatine) Coen ae jan a Samssrer® syste Intestine, Governors Vessel has reported the eye movement signals which were 4 sorded during yogic meditation: During the polygraph recording the subject experienced the feeling of inexpressible blessings “hen he sav a light which spread into a shining vheel- In the EEG monitored at this time, the @ waves became predominant observed at at all the electrode sites, a wave restraint vas m™ the occipital electrode sites even though Light vas perceived, x”pendulue-1ike eye BO" tion” : he mech: heory used £0 explain ¢ chaniam of (Sp egade ke eye movements is ti Sg of che #100 pendulua-like °F tise enor genc! 4 fees? rhytha appeared in the oculovestibular System of tr 3 tem as the restraint ¥® removed in the higher brain(5) rast Y el examined the connection between - Hayashi and Ye Grea ee “e injured ares of the brain and pat! nein = ements) They reported Slow mov, (electrooculographs eye m0 cna y observed 47 patients with dana, Be re more common, the diencephalons patients with damage in the lower brain than the mesencephalon, Miyasaka et 9 (7) ponitored the pec and BOG of glue-sniffere aa reported that conspicucu® recordings of groups of sporadic g of large and quick eye movements successive signals electro f these consP jod when the subjects hag the measurement. Ken of the eyes ve! "| and mo! more rarely 4, higher brain than in the ul de sites. They else reporteg jcuous patterns corre. vaves and were recorded at the central that the period of recording ° sponded to subjective reports of the per 4 auditory hallucinations during viaual ani fed that electrical stimulation 8 nord?) experimentally verif rea generates conjugate m that deviation of the towards Broadmann's 8th a ovement of the opposite eye. It is clinically well-known head accompanied with conjugated deviation of the eyes are obser ved in patients with damage in the frontal lobe. Among the versive seizures observed in epilepsy, cd derive from the frontal edverse area in the luring the attack are featured by spasmic conjugate deviation of the eyes alone, the oculo-gyric seizures frontal lobe 40. coapared “ith the PEC wong, gre neeh euplitude: slow waves seers during the prs wore frequently recorded, ang onenet and Bog rete mes wae observed during the Phow Seon4 eignaie vere. Vascate hypofunction of the cer, tg 8th, 9th and 10th areng ebral and excitation of the an alamus. Lurias?) eur on cortex, grontal grey ore shown an intricate pice; tt ared out. (Normal subjects ie ‘urally turn pos indicated.) Resear ch with the : ed during the Phowa. pradition alters the state of co, ght {n the sais ie effort and training, and eiuitid eae chiang eee tal 5 jupereonsious state beyond th the dndividual to en es existence- According to encore seb ina 3 state is awakened, > ee Concentration and meditars, ‘on tat sciou the within mind which has been functd inctioning ni gependence on the physical ae existence stops its total grarts to function in the wider “Specially the brain), and space. The psychophysiological coe of being beyond eine and during the Phowa ritual suggest tha 'ges which’ Rinpoche ‘showed physical realm must be taken into is Cees ae the correlation of the psyche and eas egos omy the framework of 4 42cnn raters ot wae tats is ae eal ace vane TARE Rinpoche, a be Nes < wk he WARE : gee Beil Aagrips Lineage in Ty we © phis experiment “8S conductay oe SHH NNER. acongt aioe paredotogy on June 23rd, 1983 ae tae aseAeRe pareucipate U4 convention held by. the Be cane tH HAE w for Baligic® and PAFAPSYCHOLORY. the ar convention, Nis BEG was monitoreg rakorent ae ® cp sicse mnee de ReTTOTne S rears sag raguad da s28d £9 be a direct methog riteal, THe eae ve ccnsenousness and FOF SEECRDERg reviving Oe o ee 4 apirutaad opening &t ee Qimension at the moment a mighes seu he heightened this long ritual pekanation pefore the prayers Prayer pepe joa in between. with the following process? 5" Mith relaxation and meditation #8 Gich:prayer. and: chanting ant We2ltel gain points during the ee to send the consciousness es These words are uttered at cert ritual. when the practitioner atten?! up to and out of the opening in the bead Analysis of the EEG in Meditation, “J.P. Banquet, Spectral ae ne 35, 143-151, 1973- Mossis, Studies of Coomunication during Qut-of Body Vmxperiences, Jz dmer. Soc. for Poychical Research 721-25 a2 ¢ the head for transferp and the Phova Session (3) (4) (5) (6) q) (8) (9) 1978, SO ae Y, Toen, Seishinkatsudo to Cankyuundo (Mental and Eye Movements), Seishin Igaku (Clinical Psychiatry’ 8, 203-210, 1966. {pial W.C. Dement, Eye Movements During Sleep, The Oculomotor System, p. 366, Hober Ned. Division, Harper and Row, New York, 1964, M. Hayashi & S. Yamamoto, Noshogai ni yoru Jiha! (Spontaneous Eye Movements due to Brain Damage), and Nerve, 23, 1193, Tokyo, 1971. » Yukiyozai-shihekisha no Nohag M. Miyasaka et al graphic Study of Glue-sniffers), Kenkyuhan Hokokusho (Reports on Glue-sniffers Welfare Ministry, 1970. a M.A. Kennard, Re-Organization of Motor Funct Cerebral Cortex of Monkeys Deprived of Motor Areas in Infancy, J. Neurophsysiol., 1, 477, A.R. Luria, Shinkeishinrigaku (A Fundame Neurophsyiology), Igakushoin, Tokyo, 1973.f mind control = features © gions (Religion and Para and Parapsy~ quhro t0-choshants cual a HH, Motoyamay chotogy)s ToI2» 1969+ 44 ANALYSIS OF REAL CASES In recent years, the study of the auestion of continuity of personal consciousness after death can gain a greater understanding of the natur. formulate meaningful (1,0, felsitisble) hypot based on empirical studies. Clinical as well ae an cd studies of near death experiences have become wide death experience has been charecterized in the popular the inayes of dark tunnels, buzzing noise and heavenly Fields, but the origins, meanings, and ontological st use ie fron’ pore hatluctvacions’ ent ey oeor Friends F Visions of Departed Relatives he having deathbed visions to uite common for peo! ae oe figure of departed friends and a tee Visions of mothers ang sence (NDE)+ their near death experience ( ng about half of the st common, compris spouses are apparently ‘mo: : 3S cases in which non-religious Figur ibli ildreny followed by visions of siblings: chil studies (but not Indient), friends~ are "seen", These are and in American old ny relatives that Tyas dt 2, ole thing, and jert through the wh coming to. As [ ‘The doctor gave me uP» as quite @. dying. However, I was 4 a ae ‘even as I heard him saying this, aes tang had eee did, I realized that all these people we i randmother ‘ aera ae atives and friends. Tt nd a girl I had known on before. I recogn: when I was at school, seems I mainly saw their faces and felt other rel eed, eheir presence. They all ' seemed pleased. It was happy+++ g lead to dramatic changes in the times Such appearances some is actadottt as in the case of He had been rebellous, refusing e had an NDE, in which: character of the percipient, boy dying of mastoid infection. he medicine and fighting the nurses. Then (a doctor) camey sat beside He also told the boy that t Uncle Charlie had After this experi- "The boy insisted that Uncle Charlie him, and told him to take his medicine. he would get well, The boy was very sure thal Sat in the chair and told him these things: Me Sires ence, the patient was cooperative. He was not excited, ee NO ea k the deceased doctor's “visit” a5 - ter -- a dramatic change had matter of course. The next morning, the boy was much be occurred in his condition. 46 Aside from the conviction on the Part of the the person seen was "really there" and the fact that ‘appar: : of dead relatives drastically outnumber those of the eee fot mi tives, there is nothing in these NDE's which would in pie indicate survivel. Te would be very onay to suggest. that the: dying man simply thought about other people vho had died ap he. himself lay dying, and this concentration on dead friends 1 their visualization. There is an immediate answer to this skeptical i ote +9 It is clear in many cases that the dying patient had not ‘been thinking about nor expecting to see such friends perceiver thal or relative Even more important, however, are the many instances in which the dying person "sees" deceased relatives whon he had not known to be dead (sometimes called "Peak in Darien cases"). An early, well-documented example is the case of Doris Clark B___, who saw her sister Vida as she was dying on January 12, 1924. Vida had died the previous Christmas day, but the fact had been carefully kept from her sister Doris, so as not to affect her condition. In other cases, the dying person provided information which vas unknown to any of the people present of the death of a brother in India, Italy, Paris, or other distant locations. Indeed, such they were dead, were often taken as indications that the patients aa were hallucinating -- until later information confirmed that had been correct about the fact of the prior death of his. friend or relative. : Another curious commonality of the figures seen, asidi the fact that they are deceased, is that they generally an interest in "guiding" or "taking away" the patient. of this phenomenon are instances like those of David and ‘Harry died at Abbot's Langley on November 2, fourt a7g day at Aspley. Aboue he sat up in beg ue e pavid the followin of the latter childs calling to me. my Vicarage at Aspley, ae before the death ‘one ho “tere is itele Harry said distinctly, : mes Moore? in, the dying vords of Cenor Jo or again, Mother, have you! come to see me? No, no, why, Mother» ” Mother. There 18 ar eret Mother, I am almost over. y I'm coming to see yous ean jump it. Wait, Mothers mposefuinese of) enese bedeide ViSiONs Tenindg Fee peporntulnozs gpserved in other apparitions the a) ia e ce ees is an important BE Te vege EESMRAIEN cag caoanent thls characters tn eg: in ley Most impresssive of NDE's. n the room are als other hallucina- however+ : o able to witness the other people present i spe presence of the departed relative(s. Nurse Joy Snell described her frie hhis "take-away pur— nd Laura Stirman's NDE: pose". 1 became avare that two spirit one on either side of it. T them im- "A short time before she expired, he bedside, forms were standing by the “put she recognized he room.. did not see them enter the lit up her face. She mediately. A smile, beautiful to see, 1 in joyous tones exc stretched forth her hands and in joys avery tired:""'As aimed, "Oh, you have come to take me away! I am glad, for I svacceddeae she stretched forth her hands, the two “angels” eac) hand." : he has met Laubscher relates that in his medical practices B® many nurses who have . hestdes ".JJactually seen the joyous faces of the relatives of the de 48 ceased who were dead, an if they gathered rou come to receive him," ind with happy wol= Florence Marryat attests that she has seen the opirita of a patient's father and grandmother at a girl! S passing. In another instance, Col, Pe in Cosgrave reported that he had seen an apparition of Walt Whitman (d. 1892) hovering over the bed of his dying friend Horace Traubel (d. 1919), who stated at the appari- tion of his long gone friend and said, "There is Walt|" Dr. Crookall also cites a number of such cases, which add yet another note of verification to the idea that these NDE" apparitions of 8S are closer to someone having an OBE (objective) than to the subjective hallucinations of someone in delirium. Next, in frequency to visions of departed loved ones are visions of religious figures, sometimes called "beings of light". Preliminary cross-cultural studies comparing Indian and American deathbed visions indicate that religious figures are "seen" far more commonly at Indian deathbeds than American. In the West, religious figures are usually identified as "God", "Jesus", "Mary", or "Saint __", while in India, "Yama"! (god of death) is most commonly reported, followed by Rama, Krishna, and other such mythological figures. Since no man has actually met God, Jesus, or Krishna as a fellow human in the 20th century, the identifica— tion of these figures is usually a superimposition of the per— ceiver. One girl had a throat implant and had been told that she would not be able to receive holy communion. ‘I can see that form now: It had blond-gold hair, a very light beard and a moustache. It had a white garment on. 49© And he went+ And I thought to myself, “Welt, within the weeks that's funny." gure of Light with Christ or Goq fi sitestier) Of e of Private George aie fe nowefamous cos hi is often explicit, asin © jucmpeeenireny | 1903 See 4 (temporar: Ritchie, who die testifying! I : I know becay ‘the light which entered that room ee ee ‘ss the’ thought was put: deep within mer . the Sen of Gad." T have called Him 148) said “love, for that room was aise. : passion I have ever felt- " put I could also have 4)luminated, pierced, by the most total com on the other hand, there are many 1e5s religious people who e have very similar experiences, particualr names put feel no need to lebel the i refering merely to Ma npparitions with any bearded man against a golden Light- It might be argued that thes dying persons» any such expectations, merely the final which expect such e too are projections of the minds of th religious comfort at death, If there were however, they must be! on very subliminal 1 ey correlation between the religiosity of the percipients and the Deer eie Sa achadieviorons-— except"thet’ religious patients ‘more ci of light", often give specific religious names to the being 8 evels, for there is no Moody relates: ho hi ‘In: quite a few instances, reports have come from persons who ad experi- no religious beliefs or training at all prior to their P ences, and their descriptions do not seem to differ in content ' from [those of] people who had quite strong religious beliefs. 50 Even more surprisingly, Ring's detailod statistical surveys found that those most fomiliar with the literature of NDE!s had the fewest visions, and those least expecting them had the most. Moreover, even in cases where the patient uas highly religious, the percipient sometimes hesitated to identify the figure with religious character, or was completely surprised by the appear- ance -~ #5 in the case of a woman who thought she saw her patron saint Gerard, dressed like a monk with sandals, when she had alvays imagined him to be dressed in velvet finery. So visions are not merely dependent on the desires of the perceivers. These religious "figures of light" seem to exhibit a purpose of guiding or conducting the dying person, as do apparitions of friends and relatives discussed above, While this comforted the majority of dying people, a large minority of the Indian subjects identified the apparitional figure as the god of death and were reluctant to "go with him", An Indian college graduate, for example, about to be discharged from the hospital suddenly shouted, "Someone is here dressed in white,..I will.not go. with youl" He died ten minutes later. But such cases seem rather the In most cases there is a distinct mood elevation, a serenity or even joy gained by the patient through his vision. And the purposefulness of the apparitions seems clear whether the percipient is pleased or afraid of the apparent intention. np exception than the rule. As in the case of visions of deceased relatives, there 2 some instances in which third person observers in the sick cham— ber also witness the alleged visitor. In 1918, the Society for Psychical Research published the case of one Mr G__, who “standing at the head of my dying wife, a woman's figur angen to express a welcome." A famous doctor of nervous and mental disease who was present did not witness the figure, but attested that there was no natural explanation for G's vision, and { $1tributed to temporary hallucination. Othorg mpwo white figures” oF heir robes around her. ..They it could not be a "white-robed f1o_ have reported observing . Jt n and @ woman, Frappe’ eee ‘Animals in laboratory experiments sometimes arg eee body experi ssi to sense the presence of one having out-of-body experience able to A recent case vhere animals seened to yan experienced male nurse: {OBE) when hunans cannot. sense something vas reported b; Hindu policeman in his forties, was suffering 8 ysaSuddenly he 88 et ed so that Yamdoot does “There he is!" all the crows "The patient, from pulmonary tu to take me away. not find me.” He pointed upvards and ov a 1 ' its branches. Just as the patient hed his ¥ ss suddenly flew away from the tree with much n0) : 4 eee hod fired a gun. We were very surprised by this an le but saw nothing had become aware of id "Yemdoot is coming Take me down from the be wards. as if someone that might have through an open door in the room, disturbed the crovs...It was as if they, too something terrible. As this happened, the coma, and expired a few minutes later.' patient fell into a they seem to be further h cases are not conclusive, ata with OBE's; evidence that NDE's share certain characteristics a they are occasionally perceived by aninals, psychics, an’ opser— vers. Could it be that people become more psychic to such apparitions at death? ally sensitive Visions of Another World Last we shall consider NDE's in which dead or dying Feport seeing, or travelling in heavenly "other worlds". patients explicitly identify this place as "heaven"; a majority, "So that's people Some who find the experience pleasant enough, simply say, what if will be like", or "Now I know there is life after death." 52 The commonest imagery among visions of “other realms’ a) description of fields of flowers, gardens, or hills, Commander. A.B. Campbell sav "a wide moor, vith a well-vorn track...to the prow of a hill", while temporarily left for dead. Dr Wilt whose case of temporary death was published in the St Lous Medi=— coLand Surgical Journal also saw scenes of trees and sky, and a path leading to a barrier of rocks. Some people feel themselves to be on a vessel on a large body of water, recognizing relatives on the far shore. Many see colorful sunrises or sunsets, or hear music of other worlds during their NDE's. Gates, some of rough= hewn stone, others of golden palaces or castles, are also very conmonly reported, reminding us of the visions #o widespread in ancient Chinese and Japanese literature of those who had been to heaven and back. Intellectuals and students sometimes have vi- sions of a realm of "sculptors and philosophers, composers and inventors". In almost all cases, the imagery seen.is imbued with a@ radiance of its own, glowing or emitting a warm, intense light. There appears to be some "archetypical" similarity in the content of these visions, which is not significantly affected by the religious hopes or expectations of the dying patients. After detailed statistical analyses, Osis and Haraldsson concluded that "Belief in life after death doubled the frequency of visions symbolizing death as a gratifying transition (p=.003), and res— Ponses with religious emotions (p=.006). Belief did NOT signifi— cantly change the frequency of experiences of beauty and peace and the frequency of images of another world. Apparently fh life images themselves, but rules the religious emotions and shexply belief in life after death changes very little of the aft increases positive valuation of death. ! weit ie dem jupaye wand: Moreover, the frequency and content of these visions seemed 55that they sti1l have unfinished oth Indiana and Aner tcang, important for their revival thosdeht Gata Ay wimilar ‘among Feporte from bi wy Chedwttane and Jeves ‘i canon, there visions of other worlds alwo include yorified, Sometimes it iq knowledge which ean later be wighting of rolatives, not known to be dead, in thig ny ovher dead Cand no jiving) people are percolved, thought dead on December 18+ 1961, saw visions of extremely contrary tO both the laws of waking thoughts put her life indeed éived an abe bad forseen in these visions. Serge Lama, by cont han visiona of past lives, fro vhich he apparently ¥ “gained Rorrect Anformation about but ldns® and events hich he ould not have known normally. Many people dead or on the brink of doath have visions in which they are told exactly when they will die, and their deaths folloy these predictions even though thet doctors have very different expectations. In one case, a girl who thought that she wax bound bY mossengers of ¥ hibited rope marks on her Le} {ror the experience. Ap- parencay. Vehe’ unexpected vision of heaven's ®¢ sengers) had an ditene; “hyproticeiike effect on the subject’ mind and body, prpies auaeeion ie not, “Were there invisible ropes Sai ay. binding her lege?™, but rather, “What 8° altered her ita Xo make her believe that she was bound dy ropes, to the fale ae ee, ‘affected her body paychosonatically?” Deathbed an jer worlds ‘are not only interesting bot important , Nae ‘elie (ee Whe “extent that (1) they ere intersub- ese being perceived by many people in the sane room, ~ SetLard ries Witch cut across cultural and religious ace ee Information paranoraally vhich 1s aks Deere and can be verified: and (111) patient has been pronounced dead, dismissed a8 hallucinatin, ? fy but demand careful st turn may lead to a deeper understanding of "s Pi * Sees bf i “probability and to her own jana actualsAF TERWORD anslation of case reports oy Part I of this Journal is the tr ing the performance og psychophysiological changes observed dur: the Phova ritual, written by aysolf and Takeo Fujikiy M.D. The twas conducted in 1983 at the Institute for Religioug with the cooperation of the Ven. KC. Ayang Tulky ‘Although these are case reports, they wiqy experiment Psychology, Rinpoche from Tibet. provide an insight into ps sciousness is taking place, Becker, Ph.D.) who hag ein Japan and in’ the yehophysiological changes when q transformation of con Part II is a paper written by Carl Bs researched near-death experiences both her U.S.A, I would like to take this thanks to the Ven. K.C. Ayang Tulku Rinpoche for his willing cooperation as a subject in the experiment, in spite of hig fatigue fron a long journey and participation in the TARP Conven— tion; to Carl B. Becker, Ph.D., for his active cooperation in the M.D., who is specialized in s opportunity to express my sincere IARP activities; and to Takeo Fujiki, the field of EEG and who has helped us in reading the EEG of the Rinpoche. Finally, I would like to thank Ms K. Kuratani, x, Kobayashi, Ph.D., Ms A. Butler, Ms R. Fujii, and Ms J. Young for their efforts in translating and editing this Journal. Hiroshi Motoyama, Ph.D.