Emf PDF

A Course File
On
Electro Magnetic Fields
(II- B. Tech. – I– Semester)
Submitted to
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELETRONICS ENGINEERING
By
Mr.G.Durga Sukumar.
(Prof, Dept. of EEE)
VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
VIGNAN HILLS, DESHMUKHI (V) POCHAMPALLY (M),
NALGONDA (DIST.)-508284
PH- 08685-226600
(2015-16)
1
Contents
Sl. No. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1 JNTUH SYLLABUS 3
2 VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT 5
3 MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT 5
COURSE OBJECTIVE
4 6
5 COURSE OUTCOMES 6
6 PROGRAM OUTCOMES 6
7 PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES 7
8 COURSE MAPPING 7
9 COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH POS 7

COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH PSOS
10 8
MAPPING
11 EVALUATION SCHEME 8
12 LECTURE PLAN UNIT WISE 8
UNIT WISE LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND
13 13
QUESTIONS
2
1.JNTU SYLLABUS
UNIT – I : Electrostatics :
Electrostatic Fields – Coulomb’s Law – Electric Field Intensity (EFI) – EFI due to a line and a surface
charge – Work done in moving a point charge in an electrostatic field – Electric Potential – Properties of
potential function – Potential gradient – Guass’s law – Application of Guass’s Law – Maxwell’s first law,
div ( D )=v
UNIT – II : Conductors and Dielectric & Capacitance

Laplace’s and Poison’s equations – Solution of Laplace’s equation in one variable. Electric dipole – Dipole
moment – potential and EFI due to an electric dipole – Torque on an Electric dipole in an electric field –
Behavior of conductors in an electric field – Conductors and Insulators.
Electric field inside a dielectric material – polarization – Dielectric – Conductor and Dielectric – Dielectric
boundary conditions, Capacitance – Capacitance of parallel plate and spherical and co-axial capacitors
with composite dielectrics – Energy stored and energy density in a static electric field – Current density –
conduction and Convection current densities – Ohm’s law in point form – Equation of continuity
UNIT – III : Magneto Statics :

Static magnetic fields – Biot-Savart’s law – Oesterd’s experiment - Magnetic field intensity (MFI) – MFI
due to a straight current carrying filament – MFI due to circular, square and solenoid current – Carrying
wire – Relation between magnetic flux, magnetic flux density and MFI – Maxwell’s second Equation,
div(B)=0.
Ampere’s circuital law and its applications
Ampere’s circuital law and its applications viz. MFI due to an infinite sheet of current and a long current
carrying filament – Point form of Ampere’s circuital law – Maxwell’s third equation, Curl (H)=Jc, Field
due to a circular loop, rectangular and square loops.
UNIT – IV : Force in Magnetic fields :

Magnetic force - Moving charges in a Magnetic field – Lorentz force equation – force on a current
element in a magnetic field – Force on a straight and a long current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field – Force between two straight long and parallel current carrying conductors – Magnetic dipole and
dipole moment – a differential current loop as a magnetic dipole – Torque on a current loop placed in a
magnetic field
Magnetic Potential :
Scalar Magnetic potential and its limitations – vector magnetic potential and its properties – vector
magnetic potential due to simple configurations – vector Poisson’s equations.
Self and Mutual inductance – Neumans’s formulae – determination of self-inductance of a solenoid and
toroid and mutual inductance between a straight long wire and a square loop wire in the same plane –
3
energy stored and density in a magnetic field. Introduction to permanent magnets, their characteristics
and applications.
UNIT – V : Time Varying Fields :

Time varying fields – Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction – Its integral and point forms –
Maxwell’s fourth equation, Curl (E)=-B/t – Statically and Dynamically induced EMFs – Simple problems
-Modification of Maxwell’s equations for time varying fields – Displacement current – Poynting Theorem
and Poynting vector.
TEXT BOOKS
T1. “Engineering Electromagnetics” by William H. Hayt & John. A. Buck Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, 7th
Editon.2006.
T2. “Electro magnetic Fields” by Sadiku, Oxford Publications
T3. “Electromagnetic Field Theory & Transmisson Lines” BY GSN Raju. Pearson Education
REFERENCE BOOKS :
T4. “Introduction to Electro Dynamics” by D J Griffiths, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd, 2nd
editon
T5. “Electromagnetics” by J P Tewari.
T6. “Electromagnetics” by J. D Kraus Mc Graw-Hill Inc. 4th edition 1992.
T7. “Electromagnetic fields”, by S. Kamakshaiah, Right Publishers, 2007.
T8. “Field Theory” by K A Gangadhar, khanna publishers
WEBSITES
1. www.quarter-wave.com : It deals with the quarter wavelength loudspeaker design
2. www.nanomagnetics.org : It deals with the Magnetic materials - characterization techniques -

instrumentation
JOURNALS
1. IEEE transactions on Electromagnetic waves.

2. IEEE transactions on Communication.
4
3. IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation
4. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Publisher: VSP, an imprint of Brill (online :
selectively downloadable)
STUDENTS SEMINAR TOPICS
1. B.M.Singh and P.M.Gupta ‘ Electrostatic Field of two Parallel Coplanar Condensers’, Vol 5. no.2,
pp 119-127, Digital library of India, hosted by IISc, Banglore.
2. K.G.Ong, M.Paulose, M.K.Jain, D.Gong ‘ Magnetism Based Remote Query Glucose Sensors’,
sensors 2001,1,138-147.(h osted by MDPI – open excess scholarly journal)
3. Gunraj Praasad and S.N.Ojha ‘ Tetrad Formalism of Maxwell’s Equation with effect of
Gravitation – II’, vol 8, no. 7 pp 741-751, Digital library of India, hosted by IISc, Banglore
4. Ajay Chaudhari ‘Effect of defomation and dielectric filling on electromagnetic propagation
through waveguides’, Sadhana Vol 28, part 26, December 2003, pp 1011-1018
5. Antje Franke, Ralph-Uwe Bormr and Klaus Spitzer ‘2D Finite Element modelling of plane-wave
diffusive time-harmonic electromagnetic fields using adaptive unstructured grids’ IAGA WG 1.2
on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth Proceedings of the 17th Workshop Hyderabad, India,
October 18-23, 2004
6. Pranabendu Ganguly, Bidyut Samanta, Soumen Das, Juran Chandra Biswas and Samir Kumar
Lahiri ‘Design, Fabrication and Preliminary Characterisation of ZkLiNbO,Directional Coupler
Switch’, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 52, No. 2, April 2002, pp. 201-203
7. Prof L D Arya, R S Tare, and B N Suthar ‘ Effect of Transmission Line Resistance on Direction of
Real Power Flow and Inversion of Real Time Spot Prices’, IE (I) Journal.EL , Vol 85, September
2004, pp 96-97
8. Pinaki Mukherjee and Bhaskar Gupta ‘Genetic Algorithm-based Design Optimisation of
Aperture-coupled Rectangular Microstrip Antenna’, Defence Science Journal, Vol. 55, No. 4,
October 2005, pp. 487-492
2. VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT:
To become a centre of excellence in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Education which

produce competent engineers who can contribute for the socio-economic development of the
nation.
3. MISSION OF DEPARTMENT:
 To impart a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering practice.
 To undertake projects and research activities in collaboration with national premier
institutions and R&D centers
 To foster student with innovative designs and make them industry – ready with relevant
projects.
 To expose students to critical challenges and life-long learning in the broadest context of
upcoming technologies.
5
4. COURSE OBJECTIVE:
Electromagnetic may be regarded as the study of interaction between electric charges at rest
and in motion. It entails the analysis, synthesis, physical interpretation and application of electric and
magnetic fields. It is a subject which deals with electric and magnetic phenomena. Its principles find
many applications in various allied disciplines such as microwaves, antennas, electric machines, satellite
communications, Bio-Electromagnetic, plasmas, nuclear research, fiber optics, electromagnetic
interference and compatibility, electromechanical energy conservation, radar metrology and remote
sensing. EM energy offers many new and exciting possibilities in agriculture also.
5.COURSE OUTCOMES(COs):
C205.1 Know basic concepts of Electric field and potential due to different charge
distributions, Maxwell’s first equation and behavior of materials can be studied .
C205.2 Know the laws and methods learned in Unit-1 are applied after defining the current
and current density. The electro-magnetic principles on capacitors are studied
C205.3 Define magnetic field due to different charge distributions are studied
C205.4 Know the effect of magnetic field on the other current sources can be studied
C205.5 Know the electro-magnetic principles on capacitors are studied and behavior of
materials can be studied.
6. PROGRAM OUTCOMES(POs)
Engineering Graduates will be able to:
PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate review research literature and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principle of mathematics,
natural science and engineering science.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one's own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
7.PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES(PSOs):
PSO-1: Students should be capable of applying the principles of electrical and electronics
engineering for solving complex problems through simulation and experimental validation.
PSO-2: In addition to course curriculum and co-curricular activities, student should posses
the skills to communicate in both oral and written forms, the work already done and the
future plans with necessary road maps, demonstrating the practice of professional ethics and
the concerns for societal and environmental wellbeing.
8. COURSE MAPPING:
COURSE PO PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO PO 6 PO PO PO PO PO PO
1 5 7 8 9 10 11 12
EMF(C205)
3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 - 1
COURSE PS01 PSO2

EMF(C205) 2 -
9. COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH POs:
Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C205.1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 - 2
7
C205.2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 - 1
C205.3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 - 1
C205.4 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 - 1
C205.5 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 - 1
Average 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 - 1
10.COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH PSOs:
CO PSO1 PSO2
C205 .1 2 -
C205 .2 2 -
C205 .3 2 -
C205 .4 2 -
C205 .5 2 -
Average 2 -
11. SCHEME OF EVALUATION:
PARTICULAR WEIGHTAGE MARKS

End Examinations 75% 75
Two mid exam 20% 20
TEACHER'S 5% 5
ASSESSMENT(TA)*
* TA will be based on the Assignments given, weekly test Performances and Pre-final exam.
12. LECTURE PLAN UNIT WISE:
No of Text books
NAME OF THE TOPIC Method of Teaching
Periods referred
S. No
UNIT – I: ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS
1 Review of vector algebra 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
2 Cartesian Cylindrical and Spherical Co-ordinate 3 Chalk & Board & LCD T1,T2
Systems PPT
3 Introduction to Electrostatic Fields 1 LCD PPT T1,T2
8
4 Coulomb’s Law & problems 1 Chalk & Board
5 Electric Field Intensity – Concept 1 Chalk & Board T2
6 Field intensity due to continuous line charge 1 Chalk & Board T2

distribution
7 Field intensity due to a surface charge 1 Chalk & Board T2
8 Workdone in moving a point charge in electrostatic 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

field
9 Potential and Potential Difference, Problems 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
10 Potential Gradient 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
11 Properties of potential function 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
12 Concept of Flux density 1 Chalk & Board ,LCD T1

PPT
13 Gauss’s Law 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1

PPT
14 Application of Gauss’s Law 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T2

PPT
16 Divergence – Basic Concept 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
17 Maxwell’s First Equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
18 Divergence Theorem & Problems 1 Chalk & Board T1,T7
Total Number of Periods 19
UNIT – II: CONDUCTORS,DIELECTRICS AND CAPACITANCE
1 Electric dipole and dipole moment derivation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
2 Electric field intensity due to an E.Dipole 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
3 Potential of a dipole 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
4 Derivation of torque due to dipole 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
5 Conductors 1 LCD PPT T1,T2,T7
6 Conductor behavior in EFI 1 LCD PPT T1,T2,T7
7 Insulators and their properties 1 LCD PPT T1,T2,T7
8 Problem solving 1 Chalk & Board T7,T1,T8
9 Dielectrics and their behavior in E. field 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1,T7
PPT
9
10 Polarization concept and its importance 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1,T2
PPT
11 Boundary Conditions for Dielectrics 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1,T2
PPT
12 Energy density in the Electrostatic field 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
13 Current and current density 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1,T2,T7
PPT
14 The continuity equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
15 Ohms law in point form 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1,T2
PPT
16 Equation of continuity 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
17 Problems solving 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2,T7, T8
18 Capacitance and its importance 1 Chalk & Board, LCD T1,T2

PPT
19 Capacitors & their types 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
20 Capacitance Calculations 1 Chalk & Board T1,T7
Total Number of Periods 20
UNIT – III: MAGNETOSTATICS, AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW & ITS APPLICATIONS
1 Introduction to magnetic fields 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
2 Biot Savart’s Law and Applications 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
3 Derivation of Magnetic flux densities due to Straight 2 Chalk & Board T1,T2
current filament, square, circular and solenoid wires
4 Maxwell second equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
5 Problem solving 2 Chalk & Board T1,T7,T8
6 Ampere’s Law 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
7 MFI due to an infinite sheet of current and a long 2 Chalk & Board T1,T2
current carrying filament
8 MFI due to circular, rectangular and square loops 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2,T7
carrying currents
9 Point form of Ampere’s circuital law 1 Chalk & Board, LCD T1,T2
PPT
10 3RD Maxwell’s Equation derivation based on basics 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
11 Concept of Curl 1 Chalk & Board, LCD T1,T2
10
PPT
12 Stokes Theorem 1 Chalk & Board T1
Total number of periods 15
UNIT – IV: FORCE IN MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETIC POTENTIAL
1 Introduction to Magnetic Force & Moving charges 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
in B
2 Lorentz Force equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
3 Force on a differential current element with an 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

example
4 Force between two differential current elements 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
with an example
5 Magnetic dipole and its importance 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
6 Torque on a closed circuit placed in B 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2,T7
7 Scalar and Vector Magnetic Potential 2 Chalk & Board T1,T2
And their properties
8 Vector magnetic potentials due to simple 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

configurations
9 Vector poisson’s equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
10 Magnetic Circuits 1 Chalk & Board, LCD T7

PPT
11 Inductance – Self and Mutual and calculations for 2 Chalk & Board T1,T2
solenoid, toroid and between a straight wire and
square loop carrying current
12 Energy Stored and energy density in a Magnetic 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
Field
13 Introduction to permanent magnets, their 1 LCD PPT T7

characteristics and applications.
Total Number of periods 15
UNIT-V: TIME VARYING FIELDS
1 Faraday’s Law 1 LCD PPT T1,T2
2 The Concept of displacement current 1 LCD PPT T1,T2
3 Maxwell’s 4th Equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
4 Maxwell’s Equations – Point and Integral forms 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
11
5 Statically and dynamically induced emfs 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2
6 Modification of Maxwell’s equations for time 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

varying fields
7 Poynting vector and Poynting theorem 1 Chalk & Board T1,T8
8 Simple problems solving 1 Chalk & Board T1,T8
Total number of periods 8
TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS FOR ALL 8 UNITS : 77
12
13. UNIT WISE LEARING OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS:
UNIT –I: ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS
OBJECTIVE:
On the conclusion of the Unit –I, The student must be able to

1. At the end of this chapter the students must be in a position to know the basics and origin of
Electrostatics concepts
2. Also he/she should be in a position to understand and explain about voltage, current,
coulomb’s law nd Gauss law along with physical concepts and examples
ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS:
1.(a) Derive the expression for potential at any point due to a point charge Q and also write electric
field in rectangular co-ordinate system.
(b) Two point charges 4µc and 8µc are situated at the origin and at the point (7, 0, 0)
respectively. Find the electric field at (2, 3,-5).
2. An infinitely large cylinder has a radius and a uniform charge of one micro coulomb per meter.
Calculate the potential at a point 10m away from the cyclinder if zero potential point is taken to
be at a radial distance of 1m. JNTU NOV 2008
3. Three equal positive charges of 4 ×1 0 − 9c each are located at three corners of a square of sides
20cm each. Determine the magnitude and direction of electric field at the vacant corner.
JNTU NoV 2008
4.(a) Find the point charge placed at the center of square which will hold four equal charge +Q each
in equilibrium at the corners of the square
(b) Find the value of electric potential at the point at which E = 0 when point charge of 3μC and 5μC
are located at (0,0,0) and (0.6,0)m in XY plane. JNTU NoV 2008
5.(a) Find the potential and field between two large parallel plates which are closely spaced when
there is no charge in between the plates.
(b) A sphere of radius R is having a volume charge density given by _ = k r Where r < R and k is
constant .Find E at all points and sketch its variation with respect to r .
13
6.(a) Determine the potential along the axis of a uniformly charged disc of radius ‘a’. The centre of
the disc coincides with the origin and the disc is in x-y plane. Also find electric field on the axis b)
A charge of 8nC is distributed uniformly along a line of length 8m. Find the field intensity at a
radial distance of 2m from the center of the line, assuming air medium.
7. State and explain Gauss’s law. JNTU March 2006
8. Using gauss law Find E at any point due to long infinite charge wire. JNTU March 2006
9. Find the point charge placed at the center of square which will hold four equal charge +Q each
in equilibrium at the corners of the square JNTU March 2006
10. Find the value of electric potential at the point at which E = 0 when point charge of 3μC and 5μC
are located at (0,0,0) and (0.6,0)m in XY plane JNTU March 2006
11. Derive laplace and poisson’s equation.
12. A spherical volume charge density distribution is given by ñv = ño ( 1 r2/a2) for r_a = 0 for r>a
Find E (1) inside the charge distribution (2) outside the charge distribution.
13. Four point charges of Q, -2Q, 3Q and 4Q are located at the corners of a square of side ‘d’. find E
at center of the square. JNTU March 2006
13. Four positive point charges 10-9 coulomb each are situated in x-y plane at points 0,0),(0,1),(1,1)
and (1,0)m. Find the electric field and potential at (1/2 ,1/2) and (1,1). JNTU March 2006
14. Three equal charge of 1 micro coulomb are placed at corner of a square of length 10 cm. Find
the direction and magnitude of E at vacant corner. JNTU May 2005
15.(a) Derive the expression for potential and field between two co-axial cylinders.
(b) Find the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when A = 1sq mt distance between the plate
1mm voltage gradient is 105 V/m and charge density on the plate is 2 μC/m2.
16. Four concentrated charges Q1 = 0.3 μ c, Q2 = 0.2 μ c, Q3 = -0.3 μc, Q4 = 0.2 μ c are located at
the vertices of a plane rectangle. The length of rectangle is 5 cm and breadth of the rectangle is
2 cm. Find the magnitude and direction of resultant force on Q1.
17. What is the value of the E field at the surface of a flat conducting sheet which has placed on it a
surface charge density of s = 10-2 C/m2. JNTU May 2005
18. Two parallel conducting plates 3 cm apart and situated in air are connected to a source of
constant potential difference of 72 kv. Find the electric field intensity between the plates. Is it
within permissible value? If a mica sheet (r = 4) of thickness 1 cm is introduced between the
plates determine the field intensities in air and mica. Given the dielectric strength of air and
mica as 30 and 1000 kv/cm respectively. JNTU May 2005
14
19. Derive and expression for the potential difference at any point between spherical shells in terms
of applied potential using Laplace equation. JNTU May 2005
20.a) State and explain coulomb’s law.
b) Two small identical conducting spheres have charge of 2nC and - 0.5nC respectively. When they
are placed 4 cm apart what is the force between them. If they are brought into contact and then
separated by 4 cms what is the force between them? JNTU May 2005
21.(a) The charge density inside a sphere of radius ‘a’ is given by _ = kr2. Find E inside and outside the
sphere.
(b) If a charge of 1 μC is uniformly distributed throughout a spherical volume of radius r =10 mm,
what is E everywhere? JNTU May 2005
22. State and explain Gauss’s law. JNTU May 2005
23. Explain and define the potential at a point in an electric field. Derive the potential at any point in
a field due to a point change. JNTU May 2005
24. Find the p.d between the points a and b which are at a distance of 0.5m and 0.1m respectively
from a negative change of 20x10-10 coulomb. JNTU May 2005
25.(a) Find the E at any point due to a line charge of density l C/m and length L meter.
(b) A total charge of 0.1mC is distributed uniformly along a ring of radius of 5m. calculate the
potential on the axis of the ring at a point 5m from the center of the ring.
26.(a) Find the electric field at any point between two concentric spherical Shells, inner spherical shell
has Q1 charge and outer spherical shell has Q2 charge.
(b) A parallel plate capacitor consists of 3 dielectric layer If er1 =1 d1 = 0.4mm, er2 =1, d2=0.6mm,
er3 =1, d3 = 0.8mm and area of cross section 20 sq cm. Find capacitance.
27.(a) Show that the force on a point charge any where with in a circular ring of uniform charge
density zero provided the point charge remains in the plane of the ring.
(b) A circular disc of 10 cm radius is charged uniformly with a total charge of 100mC. Find E at a
point 20 cm on its axis. JNTU November 2004
28.(a) Find potential function at any point between spherical shell in terms of applied potential using
laplace equation.
15
(b) A parallel plate capacitor consists of two square metal plates with 500mm side and separated by
10mm. A slab of sulphur (er = 4) 6 mm thick is placed on thelower plate and air gap of 4mm Find
capacitance of capacitor. JNTU November 2004
29.(a) Two point charge –q and q /2 are situated at the origin and at the point (a,0,0) respectively. At
what point does the electric field vanish?
(b) The concentrated charge of 0.25mC are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle 10m of
side. Find the magnitude and direction of force on one charge due to the other two charges.
JNTU November 2004
30.(a) Show that the electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge is independent of the
distance of the point from sheet.
(b) A uniform line charge lL = 25nC/m lies on the line x = -3 and z =4 m in free space. Find the
electric field intensity at a point (2,5,3)m. JNTU November 2004
31. State and explain Coulombo’s law. JNTU November 2004
32. State the electrostatic boundary conditions and explain. JNTU November 2004
33.(a) Two long metal plates of width 1 m each held at an angle of 10° by an insulated hinge(plates are
electrically separated) using laplace’s equation determine potential function.
(b) Potential distributions are given by V=4/(x2+y+z2). Find the expression for E.
34.(a) Point charges are located at each corner of an equilateral triangle. If the charges are 3Q, -2Q and
1Q, Find electric field at mid point of 3Q and 1Q side.
(b) A point charge of 20nC is located at the origin. Determine the magnitude and direction of the
electric flux density at the point (1,3,-4) m. JNTU May 2004
35.(a) If a sphere of radius ‘a ‘has a charge density r = kr3 Find D and Ñ.D as a function of radius and
sketch the results. k is a constant.
(b) A charge Q is uniformly distributed in a half-circular ring of radius ‘a’. Determine E at center.
JNTU May 2004
36.(a) Find the point charge placed at the center of square which will hold four equal charge +Q each
in equilibrium at the corners of the square.
(b) Find the value of electric potential at the point at which E = 0 when point charge of 3mC and
5mC are located at (0,0) and (0.6,0)m in XY plane. JNTU May 2004
16
37.(a) Derive the continuity equation.
(b) Explain displacement current. JNTU May 2004
38. Explain the concept of electric field due to several point charges and generalize to continuous
charge distribution. JNTU June 2003
39. Explain resistivity and Ohm’s law in point form. JNTU June 2003
40.(a) Find E at any point due to a line charge of density l c/m and length L meter.
(b) A total charge of 0.1mC is distributed uniformly along a ring of radius of 5m. Calculate the
potential on the axis of the ring at a point 5m from the center of the ring JNTU June 2003
41.(a) Show that the force on a point charge any where with in a circular ring of uniform charge
density is zero provided the point charge remains in the plane of the ring.
(b) A circular disc of 10 cm radius is charged uniformly with a total charge of 100mC. Find E at a
point 20 cm on its axis. JNTU June 2003
42.(a) Show that the electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge is independent of the
distance of the point from sheet
(b) A uniform line charge lL = 25nc/m lies on the line x = -3 and z =4 m in free space. Find the
electric field intensity at a point (2,5,3) JNTU June 2003
43.(a) Show that the intensity of electric field at any point inside a hollow charged spherical conductor
is zero.
(b) A sphere of radius ‘a’ has the charge distribution r(r) C/m3 which produces an electric field
intensity given by, Er = A r4, for r £ a, = Ar-2, for r >a. Where A is a constant. Find the
corresponding charge distribution r(r). JNTU June 2003
44. Explain Laplace and Poisson’s equations. How are they useful? JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
45. Distinguish between conductors and insulators and define conductivity.
46. State and explain Coulomb’s law. JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
47. Four like charges of 30 ìc each are located at the four corners of a square the diagonal of which
measures 8m. Find the force on a 150 ìc charge located at 3m above the center of the square.
JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
48. State and prove Gauss’s law. JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
17
49. Derive and plot the electric field intensity of a spherical volume distribution of charge using
Gauss’s law. JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
50. Four concentrated charges Q1=.3 ìc,Q2=.2 ìc,Q3= -.3 ìc,Q4 = .2 ìc are located at the vertices of a
plane rectangle. The length of rectangle is 5cm and breath of the rectangle is 2 cm. Find the
magnitude and direction of resultant force on Q1. JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
51.(a) State and explain and the application of Gauss’s law.
(b) Electric potential in an electric field is given by v(x,y,z) = -3x2yz
Compute the electric field intensity as a function of x,y and z coordinates. Derive the formula
used. JNTU Nov/Dec 2002
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS :
1. State and explain Gauss’s law.
2. Using gauss law Find E at any point due to long infinite charge wire.
3. Find the point charge placed at the center of square which will hold four equal charge +Q each
in equilibrium at the corners of the square
4. Find the value of electric potential at the point at which E = 0 when point charge of 3μC and 5μC
are located at (0,0,0) and (0.6,0)m in XY plane
5. Derive laplace and poisson’s equation.
6. A spherical volume charge density distribution is given by ñv = ño ( 1 r2/a2) for r_a = 0 for r>a
7. Four point charges of Q, -2Q, 3Q and 4Q are located at the corners of a square of side ‘d’. find E
at center of the square.
8. Four positive point charges 10-9 coulomb each are situated in x-y plane at points (0,0),(0,1),(1,1)
and (1,0)m. Find the electric field and potential at (1/2 ,1/2) and (1,1).
9. Three equal charge of 1 micro coulomb are placed at corner of a square of length 10 cm. Find
the direction and magnitude of E at vacant corner.
from a negative change of 20x10-10 coulomb.
11. Explain and define the potential at a point in an electric field. Derive the potential at any point in
a field due to a point change.
18
from a negative change of 20x10-10 coulomb.
13. Find the E at any point due to a line charge of density C/m and length L meter.
14. A total charge of 0.1C is distributed uniformly along a ring of radius of 5m. calculate the
potential on the axis of the ring at a point 5m from the center of the ring.
15. Find the electric field at any point between two concentric spherical Shells, inner spherical shell
has Q1 charge and outer spherical shell has Q2 charge.
16. A parallel plate capacitor consists of 3 dielectric layer If r1 =1 d1 = 0.4mm, r2 =1, d2 = 0.6mm,
r3 =1, d3 = 0.8mm and area of cross section 20 sq cm. Find capacitance.
17. Show that the force on a point charge any where with in a circular ring of uniform charge
density is zero provided the point charge remains in the plane of the ring.
18. A circular disc of 10 cm radius is charged uniformly with a total charge of 100C. Find E at a
point 20 cm on its axis.
19. Find potential function at any point between spherical shell in terms of applied potential
using laplace equation.
20. Two point charge –q and q /2 are situated at the origin and at the point (a,0,0) respectively. At
what point does the electric field vanish?
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. One of the following is a vector quantity [ ]
a) Electric field Intensity b) Electric charge c) Electric potential d) both (a)& (b)
2. In a uniform electric field, the field lines and equipotential lines are [ ]
a) Orthogonal b) Intersect at 450 c) perpendicular to each other d) both a & b
3 The potential inside a charged hollow sphere is [ ]
a) Zero b) Same as that on surface c) less than that on surface d) None
4. Inside a hollow spherical conductor the electric field [ ]
a) is zero b) is constant
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c) changes with the magnitude of charge given on conductor d) None of the above
5. The expression for Coulomb’s law is given as_____________
6. The unit of field intensity is______
7. An infinite number of charges each equal to q coulombs are placed along the x-axis at x=1, x=2,
x=3 and so on. The potential at x=0 due to this set of charges will be [ ]
a) q b) 3q/2 c) 2q d) 4q/4
8. The work done by force F=4ax -3ay + 2az N in giving 1nC charge a displacement of
10ax +2ay - 7az is [

]
a) 20nJ b) 60 nJ c) 40 nJ d)None
9. Point charges 30 nC, -20nC, and 10 nC are located at(-1,0,2), (0,0,0) and (1,5,-1) respectively.
The total flux leaving a cube of side 6m centered at the origin is ___.
10. Surface Integral of electric field Intensity is________ [ ]
a) Electric Charge b) Net flux emanating from surface
c) differential of volume flux d) None of the above
11. Give the formula for Incremental volume in spherical coordinates systems _________
12. Give the formula for incremental surface area in cylindrical coordinates system_____
13. ________________ may be defined mathematically as some function of that vector which
connects an arbitrary origin to a general point in space.
14._______________________ has the units of farads/meter.
15. The expression for electric filed intensity of an infinite line charge is_______________
16. A potential function is given by r= 3x2y – yz. Which of the following is not true. [ ]
a) at point(1,0,-1), V and E vanish b)x2y= 1 is an equipotential line on the xy plane
c) The equipotential surface V= - 8 passes through point p(2,-1,4)
d) The electric field at P is 12ax – 8ay – az V/m
20
17. Four charges Q1,Q2,Q3, and Q4 are located at the corners of a rectangle. Potential at the centre
of the rectangle, is zero if___ [ ]
a) Q1=Q2,Q3= Q4 b) Q1=Q2=Q3 = Q4
c) Q1= -Q2,Q3= Q4(Q1≠Q3) d) Q1= - Q4,Q2 = - Q3 (Q1≠Q2)
18. Two concentric spherical shells carry equal and opposite uniformly distributed charges over
their surfaces. Electric field on the surface of the inner shell will be
a) Q/(4πЄ0R2) b) Q/(8πЄ0R2) c) Q/(16πЄ0R2) d) zero [ ]
19. Poisoons equation for _____ region reduces to Laplace equation.

a) charge free b) uniformly distributed c)linearly charged d) none
20. The potential difference between two points on equipotential surface is

a) Infinite b) zero c) both a and b d) none
KEY: 1. A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5. F=kq1q2/r2 6.N/C orV/m 7.A 8.C 9.1mWb
10. B 11.
GATE QUESTIONS
1. Three concentric conducting spherical surfaces of radii R1, R2 and R3 (R1<R2<R3) carry charges
of –1, -2 and 4 coulombs respectively. The charges on the inner and outer surfaces of the
outermost sphere will be respectively (in coulombs)
a) 0,4 b) 3,1 c) –3,7 d) –2,6 GATE 2006
2. Accordingly to Lenz’s law, the direction of induced emf and hence current
a) may be found by the right hand rule
b) is always determined by the rate of cutting flux
c) always opposes the cause producing it
d) depends on whether the coil is wound with a right or left-hand spiral. GATE 2006
3. A spherical conductor of radius ‘a’ with charge ‘q’ is placed concentrically inside an uncharged
and unearthed spherical conducting shell of inner and outer radii r1 and r2 respectively. Taking
potential to be zero at infinity, the potential at any point P within the shell (r1 <r<r2) will
be_______ GATE 1995
21
4. Which of the following equations represents the Gauss’ law in a homogeneous sotropic medium
GATE 1992
5. Draw a map of the electric field intensity of a charged conductor running parallel to an infinite
conducting plane using method of electrical images. IES 2004
6. An electromagnetic field is said to be conservative when IES 2003
7. A charge is uniformly distributed throughout the sphare of radius a. Taking the potential at
infinity as zero, the potential at r=b <a is IES 2003
8. Define poynting’s theorem. Show that ratio of Poynting’s vector to energy density is £ 3 x
108m/s IES 2001
10. Explain traveling waves on a transmission line and define standing wave ratio (SWR). A high
frequency lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 600W. Calculate the value
of current SWR when the load is (500 + j300) W. IES 2001
11. Obtain by means of Laplace’s equation, the potential distribution between two coaxial
conducting cylinders or radii a and c with dielectric of constant e1 filling the region between a
and b and a second dielectric of constant e2 filling the region between b and c . Given : c>b >a
IES 2000
12. State Gauss’s Law and develop its mathematical form. Give two examples of its applications.
IES 2000
13. Derive Laplace’s equation pertaining to electrostatic potential distribution in a charge free
space. Show how this is useful in computing the potential distribution in a two- dimensional
electrostatic problem using a digital computer. IES 1999
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. State Gauss’s Law
2. Define poynting’s theorem
3.state laplace equation
4. define the potential at a point in an electric field
5.Define field intensity
6.define coulombs law
22
UNIT-II: CONDUCTORS, DIELECTRICS AND CAPACITANCE
OBJECTIVE:
On the conclusion of the Unit, The student must be able to

 The concept of Electric dipole and Torque is very important and hence the students get familiar
with these at the end of this unit.
 Also conductor and their behavior along with insulators are part of familiarization at the end
of this unit.
 The students must be more familiar with the Dielectric concepts
 Also they should have the knowledge of boundary conditions which helps them
understanding the capacitances etc.
 And problem approach is to be developed by the students at the end of this chapter .
1. Define torque
2. What are the dielectric materials
3.Define capacitance
4.State the difference between conductor and insulator
5. State the difference between semi conductor and insulator
6.What are the advantages of semi conductors
7.Give some examples of semi conductors
1.a) State and prove Gauss law.
b) Find electric field at any point due to infinite charge surface using gauss law.
2.a) Derive laplace and poisson’s equation.
(b) A spherical volume charge density distribution is given by ρv = ρo ( 1 ?r2/a2) for r_a= 0 for r>a.
3.(a) State and prove Gauss’s law.
23
(b) Derive and plot the electric field intensity of a spherical volume distribution of charge using
Gauss’s law. JNTU Nov 2008
4.(a) Show that the intensity of electric field at any point inside a hollow charged spherical conductor
is zero.
(b) A sphere of radius ‘a’ has the charge distribution ρ(r) C/m3 which produces an electric field
intensity given by, Er = A r4, for r ≤ a, Er= Ar−2, for r>
Where A is a constant. Find the corresponding charge distribution ρ(r). JNTU Nov 2008
5.(a) State and explain Gauss’s law.
(b) Using gauss law Find E at any point due to long infinite charge wire. JNTU Nov 2008
6. Derive the expression for capacitance of the spherical condenser. JNTU March 2006
7. a) Find the electric field at any point between two concentric spherical Shells, inner spherical shell
has Q1 charge and outer spherical shell has Q2 charge
b) A parallel plate capacitor consists of 3 dielectric layer If or1 =1 d1 = 0.4 mm, or2=1, d2 = 0.6mm,
or 3=1, d3 = 0.8 mm and area of cross section 20 sq cm. Find capacitance.
8.a) Derive the expression for potential and field between two co-axial cylinders.
b) Find the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when A = 1sq mt distance between the plate
9.a) Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with following details.
Plate area = 100 sq.cm. Dielectric or1 = 4, d12 = 2mm Dielectric or2 = 3, d12 = 3 mm
If 200 V is applied caross the plates what will be the voltage gradient across each dielectric.
b) The permitivity of the dielectric of parallel plate capacitor increases uniformly from o1 at one
plate to o2 at the other. If A is the surface areas of the plate and d is the thickness of dielectric,
derive an expression for capacitance.
10.a) Derive the integral form of continuity equation and also write its meaning.
b) What is the Capacitance of a Capacitor consisting of two parallel plates 30 cm by 30 cm,

Separated by 5 mm in air. What is the energy stored by the capacitor if it is charged to a
potential difference of 500 volts. JNTU May 2005
11. A parallel plate capacitor has a plate area of 1.5 Sq.m. and a plate separation of 5 mm. There are
two dielectrics in between the plates. The first dielectric has a thickness of 3 mm with a relative
permittivity of 6 and the second has a thickness of 2 mm with relative permittivity 4. Find the
capacitance . Derive the formula uses. JNTU May 2005
24
12. a) Derive the integral form of continuity equation and also write its meaning.
b) What is the Capacitance of a Capacitor consisting of two parallel plates 30 cm by 30 cm,

13.a) A co axial cable with inner and outer conductor radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively have the respective
voltage Va and Vb by using laplaces equation, find E at all points.
b) The construction of a paper capacitor is as follows: Aluminum foil of 100-cm2 area is placed on
both sides of paper of thickness 0.03 mm. If the dielectric constant of paper is given as 3, and its
dielectric breakdown strength is 200 kV/cm , what is the rating of the capacitor?
14.a) Find electric potential due to electric dipole.
b) The potential difference between two concentric sphere of radii r10 and r2(r2 > r1) show that
electric field E at the surface of inner sphere is minimum of 2V/r1 for r1 = r2/2
15. Derive the expression for the capacitance of co-axial cable with two dielectrics.
16. Determine the capacitance of a capacitor consisting of two parallel metal plates 30 cm x 30 cm,
surface area, separated by 5mm in air. What is the total energy stored by the capacitor if the
capacitor is charged to a.p.d of 500V? What is the energy density? JNTU May 2005
17. a) Explain i. Dipole and ii. Dipole moment.
b) Derive the conditions at a boundary between two dielectrics.
c) State Ohm’s law in paint form. JNTU May 2005
18.a) An air capacitor consisting of a parallel square plates of 50cm side is charged to a potential
difference of 250 volts, when the plates are 1mm apart. Find the work done in separating the
plates from 1to 3 mm. Assume perfect insulation.
b) State and explain the electrical polarization and show that
P = Lt, , v_0 Where P = dipole moment, V = Volume. JNTU Nov 2004
19.a) Find the electric field at any point due to electric dipole.
b) A line charge is ‘2a’ meter long and has a uniform charge l C/m. Find the potential at a point ‘r’
meters from line and located on the plane which bisects the line JNTU Nov 2004
20.a) A co axial cable with inner and outer conductor radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively have the respective
voltage Va and Vb by using laplace’s equation, find E at all points.
b) The construction of a paper capacitor is as follows: Aluminum foil of 100-cm2 area is placed on
both sides of paper of thickness 0.03mm. If the dielectric constant of paper is given as 3, and its
25
dielectric breakdown strength is 200kV/cm , what is the rating of the capacitor?
JNTU Nov 2004
21.a) Explain electric dipole moment and derive expression for potential at large distances due to a
dipole.
b) A current I flows down a wire of radius R. (i) If it is uniformly distributed over the surface, what
is the J is inversely proportional to the distance from the axis, what is J?
22. A parallel plate capacitor has a plate area of 1.5 Sq.m. and a plate separation of5mm. There are
two dielectrics in between the plates. The first dielectric has a thickness of 3mm with a relative
permittivity of 6 and the second has a thickness of 2mm with relative permittivity 4. Find the
capacitance . Derive the formula uses. JNTU May/June 2004
23. Define electric dipole, dipole moment . JNTU May/June 2004
24. Derive the expression for torque on an electric dipole in an electric field.
25. Find the capacitance of a two concentric spherical shells. JNTU May/June 2004
26. A spherical condenser has capacitor 54 Pico farads. It consists of two concentric sphere
differences in radii by 4cm and having air as dielectric. Find the radius of inner and outer
spheres. JNTU May/June 2004
27.a) Explain surface current density and volume current density.
b) Suppose the magnetic field in some region is B = kz‘! where k is some constant. Find the force on
a square loop of side S lying in the yz plane, centered at origin, carrying a current I.
JNTU May/June 2004
28.a) Explain concept of stored electrostatic energy. Derive the stored energy for four point charges in
space.
b) Derive the expression for magnetic force experienced by a segment of current carrying wire in a
magnetic field. Hence find the current “I” that should flow in a vertical rectangular loop whose
upper half is situated in a magnetic field “B” normal to the loop in order to balance the weight
of a mass “m” hanging from the loop. The width of the loop is “a” and height “h”.
JNTU June 2003
29.a) Derive the stored energy in a capacitor. Define capacitance and explain how you will obtain it for
a given configuration.
(b) State Maxwell’s equation in point form. Derive the corresponding equations in integrated form
from them. JNTU June 2003
26
30. Write Laplace’s equation in spherical co-ordinates.
In spherical co –ordinates V = 0 for r = 0.1m and V = 100v and r =2m. Find potential function.
JNTU June 2003
31.a) Find the capacitance of a two concentric spherical shells.
b) A spherical condenser has capacitor 54 Pico farads. It consists of two concentric spheres
differing in radii by 4cm and having air as dielectric. Find the radius of inner and outer spheres
JNTU June 2003
32.a) Find the electric field at any point due to an electric dipole.
b) A line charge is ‘2a’ meter long and has a uniform charge l c/m . Find the potential at a point ‘r’
meters from line and located on the plane which bisects the line.
33.a) Find potential function at any point between spherical shell in terms of applied potential using
laplace equation.
b) A parallel plate capacitor consists of two square metal plates with 500mm side and separated
by10 mm . A slab of sulphur (er = 4) 6 mm thick is placed on the lower plate and air gap of 4mm
Find capacitance of capacitor. JNTU June 2003
34. Derive the formula for stored energy for a continuous volume charge distribution.
35. State properties of conductors and give reasons for those properties.
36. Derive the expression for electric field intensity due to a dipole.
37. A uniform charge density of rv c/m2 exists throughout the volume of a sphere of radius b
meters. Using Poisson,s equation, find the value of electric field intensity and potential at any
point inside the sphere for which 0< = r < = b.
38. Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with following details.
Plate area = 100 sq.cm. Dielectric ªr1 = 4,d12 = 2mm Dielectric ªr2 = 3,d12 = 3mm
If 200 V is applied across plates what will be the voltage gradient across each dielectric.
39.a) A uniform sheet of charge with is rs = (-1/3") nc/m2 is located at z=5 m and a uniform line
chargewith r1 = (-25/9) nc/m is located at z = -3m, yk=3m. Find the electric field E at (0, -1,0).
b) Show that the electric field E outside a spherical shell of uniform charge density rs is the same as
E due to the total charge on the shell located at the center.
27
40. When a loss capacitor with a dielectric of permittivity e and conductivity seperates at a
frequency w, the loss tangent for the capacitor ois given by GATE 2006
41. Two electric dipoles aligned paralled to each other and having the same axis exert force F on
each other, when a distance d apart. If the dipoles are at distance 2 d part, then the mutual
force between them would be
(a) F/2 (b) F/4 (c) F/8 (d) F/16 GATE 2006
42. Prove that the capacitance between two lines is given by
Where d is the distance of separation between these lines and r is radius of each line.
43. Consider the arrangement of two equal and opposite charges of magnitude q separated by an
infinitesimal distance I . If r a is the unit vector in the direction r and ais the unit vector in the
direction q, the electric field at the point P is IES 2002
44. Explain the origin of permanent magnetic dipoles in materials. Why is the proportion of electron
spin system more important than other? IES 1997
45. Explain what you understand by the following
(i) Magnetic dipole (ii) Magnetic dipole moment (iii) Magnetic susceptibility
(iv) Magnetisation, M and (v) Magnetic field intensity IES 1994
46. Orbital and spin magnetic moment of electros rather than magnetic dipole moment of nucleus
account for the magnetic properties of materials because the nucleus?
(a) is positively charged (b) has no orbital motion (c) has electrons around it
(d) has less angular velocity due to larger mass IES 1994
47. A parallel plate air capacitor has plates of 1500 cm2 separated by 5 mm . If a layer of dielectric 2
mm thick and relative permittivity 3 is now introduced between the plates, then the new
separation in mm between the plates, so that the capacitance value is unchanged, will be
(a) 7.00 (b) 6.33 (c) 5.67 (d) 5.00 IES 1994
48.a) Find the capacitance of a two concentric spherical shells.
b) A spherical condenser has capacitance of 54 Pico farads. It consists of two concentric
spheres differing in radii by 4cm and having air as dielectric. Find the radius of inner and
outer spheres. [8+8] JNTU NOV 2009
28
49.(a) Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with following details.
Plate area = 100 sq.cm. Dielectric ǫr1 = 4, d12 = 2mm Dielectric ǫr2 = 3, d12 = 3 mm
(b) The permitivity of the dielectric of parallel plate capacitor increases uniformly from ǫ1 at one
plate to ǫ2 at the other. If A is the surface areas of the plate and d is the thickness of dielectric,
derive an expression for capacitance. JNTU NOV 2008
50.(a) A co axial cable with inner and outer conductor radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively have the respective
voltage Va and Vb. By using laplace?s equation, find E at all points.
(b) The construction of a paper capacitor is as follows: Aluminum foil of 100−cm2 area is placed on
JNTU NOV 2008
51. (a) Derive the expression for potential and field between two co-axial cylinders.
(b) Find the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when A = 1sq mt distance between the plate
52.(a) A co axial cable with inner and outer conductor radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively have the respective
voltage Va and Vb. By using laplace?s equation, find E at all points.
(b) The construction of a paper capacitor is as follows: Aluminum foil of 100−cm2 area is placed on
JNTU NOV 2008
53. Derive the integral form of continuity equation and also write its meaning.
54. What is the Capacitance of a Capacitor consisting of two parallel plates 30 cm by 30 cm,
potential difference of 500 volts. JNTU March 2006
capacitance . Derive the formula uses. JNTU March 2006
56. Two Cubes of dielectric materials have a common face in the xy plane of rectangular
coordinates. An electric field E2 = 3¯ax + 4¯ay - 12¯azV/m exists in cube 2(z ¡Ý 0), the material of
which has relative permitivity 3. Obtain the energy density in cube
29
57. What are Boundary conditions for Potential? JNTU May 2005
58. State and prove the conditions at the boundary between two dielectrics.
59. Determine the resistance of a insulation in length ‘L’ of co-axial cable as inner and outer radii are
‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively. JNTU May 2005
62.a) An electric field in medium whose relative permitivity is 7 passes in to a medium of relative
permitivity 2. If ‘E makes an angle of 60° with the boundary normal, what angle does the field
makes with normal in the second dielectric.
b) Express the potential outside a polarized dielectric in terms of the internal ‘P – field and its
derivatives. JNTU November 2004
63. Derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity on the axis at a height ‘h’ due to a current
carrying rectangular loop of sides ‘a’ and ‘b’. JNTU November 2004
64.a) A 2mF Capacitor is charged by connecting it across a 100v.d.c.supply. It is now disconnected and
the capacitor connected across another 2mF capacitor Assuming no leakage, determine the P.d.
between the plates of each capacitor and energy stored. Comment on the amount of energy
stored in the two cases.
b) Discuss the phenomenon of refraction of d.c. electric field that occur at the boundary of two
conducting media of different conductivities. JNTU November 2004
65.a) Obtain the dielectric boundary conditions at the boundary between two composite dielectrics.
b) The electric field strength in a mass of proceline (ªr=6) in air is 1000 v/cm .At the inner surface of
the proceline the field makes angle of 45° to the normal and emerges in to the air. Find the
angle of emergence of the external field , and its magnitude
66.a) Find magnetic field at point P in the following figure
b) A thick slab with thickness extending from z = - a to z = + a carries a uniform volume current J =
JA/m2. Find magnetic field inside and outside the slab. The slab extends to infinity along the
xy plane. JNTU November 2004
67. Explain what is mean by Conservative field. JNTU May/June 2004
30
68. Find the Stored energy in a system of four identical point charges Q=4nC at the corners of a
square 1m on a side. JNTU May/June 2004
70. What is the Capacitance of a Capacitor consisting of two parallel plates 30cm by 30cm,
Separated by 5mm in air. What is the energy stored by the capacitor if it is charged to a
potential difference of 500volts. JNTU May/June 2004
71. a) Obtain an expression for the energy stored in Electrostatic fields, state the units employed in
each case.
b) Given ‘J=10 3sinq‘ar A/m2 in Spherical Co-ordinates, find the current across the Spherical shell
r=0.02m. JNTU May/June 2004
72.a) One medium is a dielectric with permitivity Î1 and the other is a conductor. Find the angle q1
between the normal and a field line in medium1 incident on the conductor(medium 2).
b) Starting with the fundamental energy formula w=1/2òòò rVdt show that the power dissipated in
a conductor under steady state conditions is given by P=___E J d
73.a) Find magnetic field at a distance Z above the centre of a circular loop of radius R carrying a
steady current I.
b) Find the magnetic field of a very long solenoid consisting of N closely wound turns per unit
length on a cylinder of radius R and carrying a steady current I. Use Ampere’s law.
74. Explain what is meant by Conservative field? JNTU June 2003
75. Find the stored energy in a system of four identical point charges Q=4nc at the corners of a
square 1M on a side. JNTU June 2003
76. At the boundary between glass (ªr =4) and air, the lines of electric induction makes an angle of
32° with the normal to the interface. If the density of such line in air is 0.25 mc/ metres,
determine the angle and magnitude of D in glass. JNTU June 2003
77. Distinguish between conductors and insulators. JNTU June 2003
78. Explain wave propagation in perfect dielectrics. JNTU June 2003
79. Show that the characteristic wave impedance of a uniform plane wave in any medium is given
by h=( jwm/(s+jwe))½. JNTU June 2003
31
80. A parallel plate capacitor with air as dielectric has a plate area of 36p cm2 and a separation
between the plates of 1mm.It is charged to a potential difference of 100v by connecting it across
a battery .If the battery is disconnected and the plate separation is increased to 2mm, Calculate
the change in (a) P.d. across the plates and (b) Energy stored. How do you account for the
change in the energy stored? JNTU June 2003
81. Determine the capacitance of a capacitor consisting of two parallel metal plates 30 cm by 30 cm
surface are separated by 5mm in air ª0 = 8.854 * 10-12 JNTU June 2003
82. What is the energy stored by the capacitor if the capacitor is charged to the P.d. of 500 volts
83. What is energy density. JNTU June 2003
84. Explain what you understand by Dielectric Strength of a medium. JNTU June 2003
85. Find the magnetic field at the centre of a square loop carrying a steady current I. The distance
from centre to side is R. JNTU November/December
86. State Ampere’s law and use it to find the magnetic field of an infinite uniform Surface current K
A/m covering the xy plane. JNTU November/December 2002
87. Derive ohms law in point form from first principles. JNTU November/December 2002
88. In a cylindrical conductor of radius 2mm, the current density varies with the distance from the
axis according to J = 103 e-400r A/m2 Find the total current.
89. Derive the expression for energy stored in concentric sphere. JNTU Novr/December 2002
90. Distinguish between soft and hard magnetic materials and classify them suitably. Indicate
the properties sought in each case and suggest their applications.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What is energy density
2. State Maxwell’s equation
3.Derive the expression for potential between two co-axial cylinders
4. Distinguish between soft and hard magnetic materials
5. State Ampere’s law
6. Derive ohms law
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
1. Derive the expression for capacitance of the spherical condenser.
32
2. Find the electric field at any point between two concentric spherical Shells, inner spherical shell
has Q1 charge and outer spherical shell has Q2 charge
3. A parallel plate capacitor consists of 3 dielectric layer If or1 =1 d1 = 0.4 mm, or2=1, d2 = 0.6 mm,
or 3=1, d3 = 0.8 mm and area of cross section 20 sq cm. Find capacitance.
4. Derive the expression for potential and field between two co-axial cylinders.
5. Find the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor when A = 1sq mt distance between the plate
6. Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with following details.
Plate area = 100 sq.cm. Dielectric or1 = 4, d12 = 2mm Dielectric or2 = 3, d12 = 3 mm
7. The permitivity of the dielectric of parallel plate capacitor increases uniformly from o1 at one
plate to o2 at the other. If A is the surface areas of the plate and d is the thickness of dielectric,
derive an expression for capacitance.

potential difference of 500 volts.
capacitance . Derive the formula uses.
11. Derive the stored energy in a capacitor. Define capacitance and explain how you will obtain it for
a given configuration.
12. State Maxwell’s equation in point form. Derive the corresponding equations in integrated form
from them.
13. Write Laplace’s equation in spherical co-ordinates. In spherical co –ordinates V = 0 for r = 0.1m
and V = 100v and r =2m. Find potential function.
14. Find the capacitance of a two concentric spherical shells.
15. A spherical condenser has capacitor 54 Pico farads. It consists of two concentric spheres iffering
in radii by 4cm and having air as dielectric. Find the radius of inner and outer spheres
33
16. Find the electric field at any point due to an electric dipole.
17. A line charge is ‘2a’ meter long and has a uniform charge c/m . Find the potential at a point ‘r’
meters from line and located on the plane which bisects the line.
18. Find potential function at any point between spherical shell in terms of applied potential using
laplace equation.
19. A parallel plate capacitor consists of two square metal plates with 500mm side and separated by
10 mm . A slab of sulphur (r = 4) 6 mm thick is placed on the lower plate and air gap of 4mm
Find capacitance of capacitor.
20. Derive the formula for stored energy for a continuous volume charge distribution.
capacitance . Derive the formula uses.
22. Two Cubes of dielectric materials have a common face in the xy plane of rectangular
coordinates. An electric field E2 = 3¯ax + 4¯ay - 12¯azV/m exists in cube 2(z ¡Ý 0), the material of
which has relative permitivity 3. Obtain the energy density in cube
23. What are Boundary conditions for Potential?
24. State and prove the conditions at the boundary between two dielectrics.
25. Determine the resistance of a insulation in length ‘L’ of co-axial cable as inner and outer radii are
‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively.
Separated by 5 mm in air. What is the energy stored by the capacitor if it is charged to a otential
difference of 500 volts.
28. An electric field in medium whose relative permitivity is 7 passes in to a medium of relative
permitivity
29. If ‘E makes an angle of 60° with the boundary normal, what angle does the field makes with
normal in the second dielectric.
30. Express the potential outside a polarized dielectric in terms of the internal ‘P – field and its
derivatives.
34
31. Derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity on the axis at a height ‘h’ due to a current
carrying rectangular loop of sides ‘a’ and ‘b’.
32. The average drift velocity Vd of electrons in a metal is related to electric field Eand collision time
T as
33. For a conducting medium with conductivity , permeability and permittivity , then, the skin
depth for an electromagnetic signal at an angular frequency is proportional to
34. A long straight cylindrical wire of radius 2mm is placed parallel to a horizontal plane-conducting
sheet. The axis of the wire is at a height of 100 mm above the sheet. Calculate the stress in the
medium at the upper surface of the sheet just vertically below the wire. The potential difference
between the wire and sheet is 3.3 kV . Derive any formula used and state assumptions made.
35. The conductivity of a conducting material on being subject to critical magnetic field changes 15.
When temperature of a conductor is approaching zero Kelvin, the mean free path if the free
electrons in the conductor is proportional
36. For a given dielectric, with increases in temperature the ionic polarizability.
37. By inserting a slab of dielectric material between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, the
energy stored in the capacitor has increased three times. The dielectric constant of the
material53. For a perfect conductor, the field strength at a distance equal to the skin depth is
X% of the field strength at its surface. The value of ‘X%’
38. Tangential component of the electric field on a perfect conductor will be
39. What are the different mechanisms of polarization in a gaseous dielectric? Give an account of
their nature. Which ones of these are usually absent in solid dielectrics? Why?
40. On adding a higher conductivity material copper is small quantity to nickel to lower conductivity
why does the conductivity of the alloy decreases? Explain the phenomenon involved.?
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. The ______is a function of the physical dimensions of conductors and permittivity of
dielectric material
a) Resistance b) Inductance c) capacitance d) None
2. The relation between the capacitance, charge and voltage for a uniform electric field is________
3. The expression for Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with single dielectric between the
plates is______
35
4. The expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with two dielectric between the
plates is _____
5. Motion of charge constitutes
a) flow of neutrons b)Electric current c) both a and b d) None
6. The product of charges and the separated distance between them is known as ___
a) electric dipole moment b) magnetic moment c) momentum d) None
7. _______is a pair of equal and opposite point charges ,held apart at a spacing which is small
compared with the distance at which the field is to be calculated. [ ]
a) Electricity b) Current c) Electric dipole d) magnetic dipole
8. The dipole moment in terms of charge Q is given as_____
9. The expression for potential due to an electric dipole is given as ________

10. The expression for Electric field Intensity due to an electric dipole is ______
11. The expression for capacitance of a spherical capacitor with single dielectric is given__
12. The torque due to electric dipole is given as ______ [

]
a) PxT = E b) EXT=P c) both a and b d) T=PX E
13. The ratio of the magnitude of the total charge on either conductor to the magnitude of the
potential difference between conductors is known as [ ]
a) Inductance b) Henry c) Capacitance d) none
14. The unit of capacitance is ___ [ ]
a) Henry b) Ohms c) both a and b d) Farads
15. The unit of dipole moment is _____
a) C/m b) A/m c) C. m d)V/m
16. Coulomb metre is the unit of _________
17. Farad is the unit for ______
18. For an electric dipole the electric flux line and equipotential surface are ___________ to each
other. [ ]
a) parallel b) perpendicular c) orthogonal d) both a and b
36
19. The angle between the equipotential surface and the flux line in an electric filed is __
a) 450 b) 00 c) 1800 d) 900 [ ]
20. The cross product of Electric dipole moment and Electric field Intensity is known as _
a) Electric moment b) Electric dipole moment c) magnetic moment d) None. [ ]
21. One of the following is a conductor
a) Plastic b) Gold c) Silver d) both b and c
22. _______is known as point form of Ohm’s law. [ ]
a) J=σ/E b) J=σE c) Jσ =E d) both a and b
23. The expression for conduction current density is ____
24. _________is called the continuity of current equation.
25. The __ at a point is the current through a unit normal area at that point. [
]
a) flux density b) voltage density c) both a and b d) current density.
26. The expression for continuity of current equation is ___
27. The expression for energy stored in a capacitor is___
a) CV b) CV2 c)2CV3 d) ½ CV2
28. The expression for energy density in an electrostatic field is ___ [ ]
a) Є0E b) Є0E/2 c) ½ Є0E2 d) ½ Є0E
29. To determine the boundary condition ______and equation and _______ law are used.
30. ________is an example for polar dielectrics.
31. _______is an example for Non Polar dielectrics.
32. Electric field inside a conductor is always _____ when it is placed in an external field.
37
33. The minimum value of the electric field at which dielectric breakdown occurs is called the
__________
a) Permeability b) Permitivity c) Dielectric Strength d) None
34. The polarization P would vary directly as the applied ___ field. [ ]
a) Electric b) magnetic c) Vacuum d) None.
35. For dielectrics flux is proportional to
a) Rate of change of current b) Resistivity of medium
c)Potential difference between electrodes d) rate of change of potential difference
36. In dielectrics, electrons get detached from atoms under [ ]
a) high current b) high voltage c) breakdown d) variable current
37. The dielectric of a charged capacitor experiences
a) Compressive force b) Tensile force c) both (a) & (b) d) none
38. The number of images for a point charge between 2 conducting planes at an angle of
300 to each other is
a) 10 b) 11 c) 12 d) 13
39. Electric current density is defined as
a) current/length b) current/area c) current/volume d) none
40. One of the followingis not an example for convection current. [ ]
a) A moving charged belt b)electronic movement in a vacuum tube
c) An electron beam in a television tube d) electron current flowing in a copper wire.
GATE QUESTIONS
1. Sparking occurs when a load is switched off because the circuit has high
(a) inductance (b) capacitance (c) resistance (d) none of the above GATE 2006
2. The depth of penetration of wave in a lossy dielectric increases with increasing
(a) conductivity (b) permeability (c) wavelength (d) permittivity GATE 2006
38
3. The intrinsic impedance of copper at high frequencies is
(a) purely resistive (b) purely inductive (c) complex with a capacitive component
(d) complex with an inductive component GATE 2006
4. The intrinsic impedance of copper at high frequencies is
(a) purely resistive (b) purely inductive (c) complex with a capacitive component
(d) complex with an inductive component GATE 2006
.5. Copper behaves as a
(a) conductor always (b) conductor or dielectric depending on the applied electric field strength
(c) conductor or dielectric depending on the frequency
(d) conductor or dielectric depending on the electric current density GATE 2006
6. Derive wave equations for a conducting medium, A concentric cable has a d.c. voltage V
between conductors and steady current I flowing in inner and outer conductors. Power is being
transferred to a load resistance R along the concentric cable. Inner conductor has radius a and
outer conductor has radius b. Find value of magnetic field strength H directed in circles about
the axis. Also find theelectric field strength E directed radially. Show that total power flow along
cable is given by the integration of Poynting vector over any cross-sectional area.
IES 2004
7. In a solid or liquid dielectric with externally applied electric field; as the interatomic distance
increases the internal field Ei.
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Remains unaltered
(d) Increases or decreases based on temperature IES 2003
8. The average drift velocity Vd of electrons in a metal is related to electric field Eand collision time
T as IES 2003
9. For a conducting medium with conductivity s, permeability m and permittivity e, then, the skin
depth for an electromagnetic signal at an angular frequency w is proportional to
10. A long straight cylindrical wire of radius 2mm is placed parallel to a horizontal plane-conducting
sheet. The axis of the wire is at a height of 100 mm above the sheet. Calculate the stress in the
medium at the upper surface of the sheet just vertically below the wire. The potential difference
between the wire and sheet is 3.3 kV . Derive any formula used and state assumptions made.
IES 2001
39
11. The conductivity of a conducting material on being subject to critical magnetic field changes
isIES 2001
12. When temperature of a conductor is approaching zero Kelvin, the mean free path if the free
electrons in the conductor is proportional IES 2001
13. For a given dielectric, with increases in temperature the ionic polarizability. IES 2001
14. By inserting a slab of dielectric material between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, the
energy stored in the capacitor has increased three times. The dielectric constant of the material.
IES 2001
15. For a perfect conductor, the field strength at a distance equal to the skin depth is X% of the field
strength at its surface. The value of ‘X%’ IES 2001
16. Discuss the wave propagation in (i) a lossy dielectric (ii) a conductor
Derive relevant equations. IES 1999
17. Tangential component of the electric field on a perfect conductor will be IES 1998
18. What are the different mechanisms of polarization in a gaseous dielectric? Give an account of
their nature. Which ones of these are usually absent in solid dielectrics? Why? IES 1998
19. On adding a higher conductivity material copper is small quantity to nickel to lower conductivity
why does the conductivity of the alloy decreases? Explain the phenomenon involved.?
IES 1998
20. What do you understand by charge carriers? Explain the phenomenon of conduction by free
electrons, ions and holes and classify materials accordingly. IES 1998
21. A type I super conductor maintained at a temperature T<Tc is subjected to a magnetic field
H<Hc, The superconductor will exhibit.
(a) perfect diamagnetism (b) Partial diamagnetism
(c) Perfect paramagnetism (d) Partial paramagnetism IES 1997
22. Explain what do you understand by perpendicular polarization and parallel polarization. Given
two dielectric mediums; medium 1 is space and medium 2 has e2 = 4e0 and m=m0 Determine
reflection coefficient for oblique incidence q1=300 for
(i) Perpendicular polarization (ii) Parallel polarization IES 1996
40
23. Briefly explain the following theories of breakdown of liquids dielectrics.
(i) Colloidal theory (ii) Bubble theory (iii) Electronic theory IES 1996
24. What are the properties that high conducting materials should possess?
What are the materials used for (i) electrical contacts (ii) rheostats and
(iii) fuses? Give reasons. IES 1996
25. What do your understand by Electronic Polarisation, Ionic Polarisation, and Orientational
Polarisation of dielectrics? What is electric susceptibility of a dielectric? How is it related to
relative permittivity? IES 1993
41
UNIT – III: MAGNETO STATICS, AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
OBJECTIVE:
On the conclusion of the Unit, The student must be able to
1. At the end of this chapter the students should have the knowledge of Steady magnetic fields
which includes Biot Savarts law and their applications in various aspects
2 Also Maxwell’s Second equation and its derivation will be learnt at the end of this chapter.
3. At the end of this chapter the students should have the knowledge of Ampere’s Law and their
applications for standard d configurations and also the derivation of Maxwell’s third equation
1. state Biot Savarts law
2. What is meant by conservative field
3. State Continuity Equation
4. Write down Maxwell’s Second Law
5.State Maxwell’s Third Law
1.a) Explain, what is meant by conservative field.
b) Obtain the dielectric boundary conditions at the boundary between two composite
dielectrics. [8+8] JNTU NOV 2009
2. One medium is a dielectric with permitivity 21 and the other is a conductor Find the angle θ1
between the normal and a field line in medium1 incident on the conductor(medium 2).
JNTU NOV 2008
42
3. (a) Derive the integral form of continuity equation and also write its meaning. [10]
(b) What is the Capacitance of a Capacitor consisting of two parallel plates 30cm by 30 cm,
potential difference of 500 volts. JNTU NOV 2008
4. (a) Deduce the relation∇. ¯ J = 0 and find out the continuity relation between current density J and
the volume charge density ρv at a point. [8]
(b) The plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor withε = 20_10−12 f/ m are of area 1.25 m2 each
and charge of each plate is 50μF. Calculate
i. Electric field Strength. ii. Bound surface charge density (¯ρ )JNTU NOV 2008
5.(a) Derive the integral form of continuity equation and also write its meaning.
(b) What is the Capacitance of a Capacitor consisting of two parallel plates 30cm by 30 cm,
potential difference of 500 volts. JNTU NOV 2008
6. Derive an expression for magnetic field intensity at a point along the axis, due to a circular
current carrying loop JNTU March 2006
7. Two narrow circular coils A and B have a common axis and are placed 10 cms apart. Coil A has
10 turns of radius 5cm with a current of 1A passing through it. Coil B has a single turn radius 7.5
cms. If the magnetic field at the centre of coil A is to be zero, what current should be passed
through coil B. JNTU May 2005
8. State and explain Biot-savart’s law? JNTU May 2005
9. Develop an expression for the magnetic filed at any point on the line through the centre at a
distance ’h’ from the centre and perpendicular to the plane of a plane circular loop of radius ’a’
and carrying current ’I’ amperes. JNTU May 2005
10. Write down Maxwell’s Second and Third equation in point and Integral form. Also state the
basic laws from which these two Equations were derived. JNTU November 2004
11. A current strip 2cm wide a carries a current of 15 amps in the x a direction, as shown in figure.
Find the force on the strip of unit length if the uniform field is y 0.20a Tesla.
JNTU November 2004
12 . Find the magnetic flux density at point P due to current I1, I2 and I3 as shown in figure.
JNTU November 2004
43
13. A wire of length L is formed into (a) a circle, (b) an equivalent triangle and (c) a square. For the
same current I, find the magnetic field H at the centre of each. JNTU November 2004
14.a) Define emf. Explain how static and dynamic emfs are produced. Show that a changing magnetic
field produces an electric field.
b) A copper wire carries a conduction current of 1 A. Determine the displacement current at 100
MHZ. e = eo, 5.8x107 ‘!/m. JNTU November 2004
15. A conductor is in the form of a Regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a circle of radius R. Show
that the expression for B at the centre for a current is given by B =(nmoI/2pR) Tan p/n
JNTU May/June 2004
16. Derive Maxwell’s Second & Third equation from the basic principles in both Integral & Point
forms. JNTU May/June 2004
17. Explain scalar electric potential. Derive its relation to work done. JNTU May 2004
18. Explain magnetic vector potential. JNTU May 2004
19. State Biot - Savart law and find the magnetic field a distance Z above a straight long horizontal
wire carrying a steady current I. JNTU June 2003
20. State Ampere’s Law in integral form. Show that it holds good for an infinitely long conductor
carrying a current I. JNTU June 2003
21. Derive the formula for the magnetic field intensity at a point in the vicinity of a straight current
carrying conductor of finite length. JNTU June 2003
22. Derive the boundary conditions at the interface of two different magnetic media.
23. Find an expression for force and torque on closed circuits carrying current in the magnetic field.
JNTU June 2003
24. What is Magnetic moment? Derive an expression for torque on a current loop.
25. Explain faraday’s law. A metal ring is placed on top of a vertical solenoid. When current is
switched on to the solenoid, the ring jumps vertically upward. Explain.
26. Find self-inductence of a long solenoid per unit length, carrying N turns per unit length, and
having radius R.
27. Derive the expression for energy stored in an inductor. JNTU November/December,2002
28. Find the capacitance of a pair of coaxial metal cylinders of radii a and b (a < b) and length L
meters. JNTU November/December,2002
44
29. State Biot Savart’s law. Use the same to find an expression for the magnetic field intensity due
to a long current carrying conductor. JNTU November/December,2002
30. Derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity at a distance R from a long straight
conductor carrying current I. State the basic law used. JNTU November/December,2002
31. Derive an expression for the force between two current carrying conductors in the same
direction. JNTU November/December,2002
32. Describe any two applications of Ampere’s law JNTU November/December,2002
33. Derive Maxwell’s Second & Third equation from the basic principles in both Integral & point
forms. JNTU November/December,2002
34. Derive Maxwell’s second and third equation from the basic principles in both integral and point
form. [16] JNTU NOV 2009
35. State and prove Ampere’s circuital law. Discuss few applications for the same.
36.(a) Derive an expression for the force between two current carrying conductors in the same
direction. [8]
(b) Derive the boundary conditions at the magnetic interfaces and show that tan θ1/θ2 = μr1/μr2
38. A solid cylindrical conductor of radius R has a uniform current density. Derive expression for ¯H
both inside and outside of the conductor. Plot the variation of ¯H as a function of radial distance
from the centre of the wire. JNTU NOV 2008
39. State and explain the term current density. JNTU March 2006
40. A single-phase circuit comprises two parallel conductors A and B, each 1 cm diameter and
spaced 1 m apart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively. Determine
the filed intensity at the surface of each conductor and also in space exactly midway between A
and B. JNTU March 2006
41. State and prove Ampere’s circuital law. Discuss few applications for the same
42. State and explain Ampere’s law. JNTU May 2005
43. Two wires carrying currents in the same direction of 5,000 A and 10,000 A are placed with their
axes 5cm apart. Calculate the force between them in N per meter length.
44. What is the maximum torque on a square loop of 1000 turns in a field of uniform flux density
Tesla? The loop has 10cm sides and carries a current of 3A.JNTU May 2005
45
45. Find the flux crossing the portion of the plane f defined by 0.01< r < 0.05m and c< Z <2m
as shown in figure. A current filament of 2.5A along the z-axis is in the az direction.
46. Two coils A and B are connected in series. Derive an expression for effective inductance of this
system. The two coils are magnetically coupled. JNTU November 2004
47. A steady current of 1000A is established in a long straight, hollow aluminium conductor of inner
radius 1cm and outer radius 2cm. Assume uniform resistivity and calculate B as a function of
radius r from the axis of the conductor. JNTU November 2004
48. A current filament carrying 5A in the general af direction is located along the rectangular path x
= +0.2m, y = +0.3m. If a uniform magnetic field B causes a torque on the loop of magnitude of
0.5Nm, find B when By = 0. JNTU November 2004
49. Prove that electric field is uniform inside a large parallel plate capacitor.
50. Prove that magnetic field is uniform inside a long solenoid.
51. A single-phase circuit comprises two parallel conductors A and B, each 1cm diameter and spaced
1m apart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively. Determine the
filed intensity at the surface of each conductor and also in space exactly midway between A and
B. JNTU May 2004
52. What is the torque experienced by a closed circuit carrying a current of I amps and placed in a
uniform magnetic field B Tesla.
53. A galvanometer has a rectangular coil suspended in a radial magnetic field so that the magnetic
field always acts across the plane of the coil. If the coil is 10mm by 10mm side
and has the 1000 turns and if the magnet provides a constant flux density of 0.3 Tesla, find the
torque entered on the coil for a current of 10mA. JNTU May 2004
JNTU May 2004
55. A wire is bent in to the form of a square coil. Each side of the coil has a length of 20 cm. The coil
carries a current of 10 Amps. The medium is air. Find vector magnetic potential at the centre of
the coil. JNTU May 2004
56. Explain Poynting theorem and Poynting vector. JNTU May 2004
57. Use Poynting vector to show that a cylindrical current carrying conductor dissipates power equal
to VI where V is the potential across the conductor and I is the current.
46
58. a) Explain how Maxwell corrected Ampere’s law.
b) A sphere of radius R carries a volume charge density =kr where k is a constant. Find the
stored energy. JNTU May 2004
59. State the Lorentz force law. A large capacitor with parallel plates having uniform charge density
c/m2 on the upper plate and - c/m2 on the lower plate is moving with a velocity v as shown
below. Find the magnetic field in the three regions marked I, II and III.
60. Derive the torque in a current loop placed in a magnetic field. Explain rector notation for torque.
JNTU June 2003
61. Derive expression for electric field intensity of an electric dipole at large distances.
62. Derive expression for force between two current-carrying conductors. JNTU June 2003
63. State Ampere’s Circuital Law. Derive the same in its point form. JNTU June 2003
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS:
1. Two narrow circular coils A and B have a common axis and are placed 10 cms apart. Coil A has
10 turns of radius 5cm with a current of 1A passing through it. Coil B has a single turn radius 7.5
cms If the magnetic field at the centre of coil A is to be zero, what current should be passed
through coil B.
2. State and explain Biot-savart’s law?
3. Develop an expression for the magnetic filed at any point on the line through the centre at a
distance ’h’ from the centre and perpendicular to the plane of a plane circular loop of radius ’a’
and carrying current ’I’ amperes.
4. Write down Maxwell’s Second and Third equation in point and Integral form. Also state the
basic laws from which these two Equations were derived.
5. A wire of length L is formed into (a) a circle, (b) an equivalent triangle and (c) a square. For the
same current I, find the magnetic field H at the centre of each.
6. Define emf. Explain how static and dynamic emfs are produced. Show that a changing magnetic
field produces an electric field.
7. A copper wire carries a conduction current of 1 A. Determine the displacement current at

100MHZ. e = eo, 5.8x107 ‘!/m.
47
8. A conductor is in the form of a Regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a circle of radius R. Show
that the expression for B at the centre for a current is given by B =(nmoI/2pR) Tan p/n
forms.
10. Explain scalar electric potential. Derive its relation to work done.
switched on to the solenoid, the ring jumps vertically upward. Explain
12. Find self-inductence of a long solenoid per unit length, carrying N turns per unit length, and
having radius R.
13. Derive the expression for energy stored in an inductor.
14. Find the capacitance of a pair of coaxial metal cylinders of radii a and b (a < b) and length L
meters.
15. State Biot Savart’s law. Use the same to find an expression for the magnetic field intensity due
to a long current carrying conductor.
16. Derive an expression for the magnetic field intensity at a distance R from a long straight
conductor carrying current I. State the basic law used.
direction.
18. Describe any two applications of Ampere’s law
19. Derive Maxwell’s Second & Third equation from the basic principles in both Integral & point
forms.
20. An infinite numbers of concentric circular loops carry a current ‘I’ each but alternately in
opposite directions. The radii of the loops are R,2R,4R…. in geometric progression The magnetic
flux density at the centre of the loops will
21. A steady current of 1000A is established in a long straight, hollow aluminium conductor of inner
radius 1cm and outer radius 2cm. Assume uniform resistivity and calculate B as a function of
radius r from the axis of the conductor.
22. A current filament carrying 5A in the general adirection is located along the rectangular path x
=+0.2m, y = +0.3m. If a uniform magnetic field B causes a torque on the loop of magnitude of
0.5Nm, find B when By = 0.
48
23. Prove that electric field is uniform inside a large parallel plate capacitor.
24. Prove that magnetic field is uniform inside a long solenoid.
25. A single-phase circuit comprises two parallel conductors A and B, each 1cm diameter and spaced
1m apart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively. Determine the
filed intensity at the surface of each conductor and also in space exactly midway between A and
B.
field always acts across the plane of the coil. If the coil is 10mm by 10mm side and has the 1000
turns and if the magnet provides a constant flux density of 0.3 Tesla, find the torque entered on
the coil for a current of 10mA.
29. A wire is bent in to the form of a square coil. Each side of the coil has a length of 20 cm. The coil
carries a current of 10 Amps. The medium is air. Find vector magnetic potential at the centre of
the coil.
30. Explain Poynting theorem and Poynting vector.
forms.
32. Explain scalar electric potential. Derive its relation to work done.
33. Explain magnetic vector potential.
34. State Biot - Savart law and find the magnetic field a distance Z above a straight long horizontal
wire carrying a steady current I.
35. State Ampere’s Law in integral form. Show that it holds good for an infinitely long conductor
carrying a current I
36. Derive the formula for the magnetic field intensity at a point in the vicinity of a straight current
carrying conductor of finite length.
37. Derive the boundary conditions at the interface of two different magnetic media.
38. Find an expression for force and torque on closed circuits carrying current in the magnetic field.
39. What is Magnetic moment? Derive an expression for torque on a current loop.
49
switched on to the solenoid, the ring jumps vertically upward. Explain.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. The force experienced by a conductor of length L and carrying current I, when placed
Parallel to a strong magnetic field B is given as ____________
2. Two straight parallel conductors carry equal currents in opposite directions. The force
between them is_________
3. A conductor of length 100cm moves at right angle to a uniform field flux density of
1.5 wb/m2 with a velocity of 50 m/s. The emf induced in the conductor will be ___
4. Biot Savart’s law states relation between magnetic intensity and
a) Filament current only b) Surface current only d)volume current only d) All the above
5. The init of magnetic permeability is
a) Weber b) Wb/sq.m c)Henry meter d) Henry/meter
6. Lenz’s law is a consequence of the law of conservation of
a) Energy b) charge c) induced emf d) induced current
7. Magentic moment is a [ ]
a) vector quantity b) scalar quantity c) constant d) none
8. Reluctivity is analogous to
a) Permeability b) resistivity c) conductivity d) none
9. While comparing magnetic and electric circuits, the flux of magnetic circuit is compared to which
parameter of electric circuit? [ ]
10. A square loop carrying current is placed in a uniform magnetic field at an angle θ perpendicular
to the plane . The coil experience a torque proportional to [ ]
a) θ b) cos θ c) sin θ d) None
11. The two major laws governing magnetostatics are _______and_________
50
12. Give the expression for magnetic field intensity due to an infinite conductor _______
13. Give the expression for Magnetic field intensity due to a circular wire ________
14. What is the relation between flux density, flux and unit surface area?________
15. One of the following is having high relative permeability
a) Air b) Aluminium c) Copper d) Water
16. Give the relation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field intensity______
17. One of the following is not a source of magnetostatic fields
a) A dc current in a wire b)A permanent magnet
c) an accelerated charge d) an electric field linear changing with time
18. Which of these statements is not characteristic of static magnetic field? [ ]
a) It is solenoidal b) It is conservative c) It has no sinks and sources
d) Magnetic flux lines are always closed
19. When current flows through a conductor it produces _______field.
20. One of the following is related to magnetostatics.
a) Biotsavart’s law b) Coulomb’s Law c) both a and b d) None
21. Static magnetic fields are produced from ____________ elements.
22. Magnetic filed Intensity and magnetic flux density are related by_____
23. The magnetic flux density (B) due to thin filament of current(current element) is given
as_____
24. The expression for magnetic flux density (B) due to moving charges is___________
25.Maxwell's divergence equation in static magnetic fields is_______ [ ]
a)  . D =0 (b).  . B =0 c)  X D =0 d)  X B =0
26. Gauss's law for magnetostatics is given as [ ]
a) s D . ds = 0 b) s E . ds = 0 c) s B . ds = 0 d) None
51
27. The expression for magnetic field intensity at the centre of a loop of wire carrying a current of I amps
and shaped like a regular polygon of 2n sides, with disatnace between parallel sides being '2a' is given as
_________
28. One of the following is a method to produce magnetic field. [ ]
a) Permanent magnet b) Direct current c) Moving charge d) All the above
29. Biot Savart's law is sometimes called as ______ law for current element
a) Ampere's b) Coulomb's c) Gauss's d) both (a) & (b)
30. The expression for magnetic field intensity due to a straight infinite length of
conductor is _____
31. The expression for Magnetic field Intensity at the centre of a circular wire carrying a
current I in the anticlockwise direction with radius 'a' is given as ____
32. The magnetic field Intensity at one end of solenoid of length 'l' is given as_ [ ]
a) N/2l b) NI/l c) NI/2l d) 2l/NI
33. The total number of magnetic flux lines of force in a magnetic field is called [ ]
a) Magnetic flux b) electric flux c) Henries d) None
34. ___ is defined as magnetic flux per unit surface area [ ]
a) Electric flux density b) Magnetic flux density c) Electrostatics d) None
35. The ratio of magnetic flux density to that of magnetic field intensity is [ ]
a)  b)  c) r d) None
36. The line integral of the field vector (H) over a singly closed path is equal to the
current enclosed. This is called_______________
52
37. _______law in magnetostatics is similar to that of Gauss's law in Electrostatics.
a) Faraday's b) Lenz's c) Ampere's d) both (a) & (b) [ ]
38. The variation of H with radius inside a circular current carrying conductor is [ ]
a) Non linear b) Linear c) parabola d) both (a) & (b)
39. The expression for Magnetic Field Intensity due to a circular current carrying conductor, inside
the conductor is___ and outside the conductor is____.
KEY: 1. current 2. B=H 3. B=(oI/4) (dlXr)/r3 4. B=(oQ/4) (uXr)/r3 5. b

6. c 7. (In/a)Sin(/2n) A/m 8. d
9. a 10. I/2 11. I/2a 12. c
13. a 14.b 15. a 16. Ampere's circuital

2
law 17. c 18. b 19. Ix/2a and I/2x.
53
GATE QUESTIONS
1. The maximum usable frequency of an ionospheric layer of 600 incidence and with 8 MHz critical
frequency is
(a) 16 MHz (b) 16 / 3 MHz (c) 8 MHz (d) about 6.93 MHz GATE 2006
2. The polarization of wave with electric field vector E=E0 Ej (wt +bz) (ax+ay) is
(a) linear (b) elliptical (c) left hand circular (d) right hand circular GATE 2006
3. An infinite numbers of concentric circular loops carry a current ‘I’ each but alternately in
opposite directions. The radii of the loops are R,2R,4R…. in geometric progression The magnetic
flux density at the centre of the loops will IES 1998
4. What is ferromagnetic curie temperature? Discuss magnetic properties of ferromagnetic above

as well as below curie temperature. What is spontaneous magnetization? How does it depend
on temperature? IES 1998
5. Magnetostriction is a phenomenon whereby the magnetization of a ferromagnetic material

leads to a change in
(a) relative permeability (b) physical dimensions
(c) spontaneous magnetization (d) magnetic susceptibility IES 1998
6. Derive Maxwell’s equations, the pointing theorem and explain the physical significance of the
terms involved. IES 1996
7. State Biot Savart Law in its integral form. Find the magnetic induction at any point on the line
through the centre and perpendicular to the plane’s circular current loop. IES 1996
8. The magnetic field intensity (in amperes/meter) at the centre of a circular coil of diameter 1
meter and carrying a current of 2 amperes is
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2 IES 1994
9. Differentiate between Ferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism. Give characteristics and

applications of Ferromagnetic materials. IES
1993
10. Explain the phenomenon of
(i) Magnetostriction, and (ii) Hysteresis in Ferromagnetic materials. IES 1992
54
11. In order to radiate 100 W from a circular loop of circumference equal to 0.1 l, the current
required will be
a) 10A b) 100A c) 200A d) 400A GATE 2006
12. The electric field lines and equipotential lines are parallel to each other are one and the same
a) cut each other orthogonally b) can be inclined to each other at any angle.
13. The electric field lines and equipotential lines
a) are parallel to each other b) are one and the same
c) cut each other orthogonally d) can be inclined to each other at any angle
14. Inside a hollow conducting sphere
a) electric field is zero b) electric field is a non-zero constant
c) electric field changes with the magnitude of the charge given to the conductor
d) electric field changes with distance from the centre of the sphere GATE 2006
15. A coaxial cable carries uniformly distributed current I in the inner conductor and –I in the outer
conductor. Determine magnetic field intensity distributions within outside the coaxial cable by
using Ampere’s circuital law. IES 2002
16. State Maxwell’s equations for harmonically varying fields and deduce the wave equation in a
conducting medium. Discuss the significance of depth of penetration and skin effect.
17. Show that Ampere’s Law for steady currents is not applicable for time varying currents. Hence
explain the concept of displacement current and its intensity. Find the displacement current
through a surface at a radius r (a<r<b) in a co-axial cylindrical capacitor of length 1 when a
voltage v=Vm sin wt is applied; a and b being radii of inner and outer cylinders respectively.
IES 1998
18. What is that skin depth of current penetration in copper at a frequency of 104 MHz, if the
resistively is 1.7 x 10-6 ohm –cm IES 1996
55
UNIT – IV: FORCE IN MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETIC POTENTIAL
OBJECTIVE:
On the conclusion of the Unit , The student must be able to
 This is a very important topic which has its application in Electrical Machines and hence the
students are able to have the basic at the end of this unit.
 Also Problem solving attitude is being learnt and will be familiarized at the end.
o After the completion of this unit the students are able to solve problems related to
Magnetic potentials, and its importance in antennas.
o Also they will be familiar with Inductance concepts and their calculations in various
aspects. Also Magnetic materials and their characteristics are useful to understand the
design aspects of Electrical machines.
1. Write the applications of electric machines
2. Define magnetic potential
3. Write Lorentz force equation
4. Give the importance of antennas
5.Define magnetic dipole
1.a) Write a detailed note on Lorentz force equation.
b) Write a note on Magnetic dipole. [8+8] JNTU NOV 2009
2. A current strip 2cm wide carries a current of 15 amps in the ¯a
56
x direction, as shown in
figure 6. Find the force on the strip of unit length if the uniform field is ¯B = 0.20¯a
y Tesla. JNTU NOV 2008
3.(a) What is the torque experienced by a closed circuit carrying a current of I amps and placed in a
uniform magnetic field B Tesla. [8]
(b) A galvanometer has a rectangular coil suspended in a radial magnetic field so that the magnetic
the coil for a current of 10Ma. JNTU NOV 2008
spaced 1 m apart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively.
Determine the filed intensity at the surface of each conductor and also in space exactly midway
between A and B. JNTU NOV 2008
spaced 1 m apart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively. Determine
and B. JNTU March 2006
6. A torroid is made up of closed steel ring of mean diameter equal to 75 cm. The area of cross
section of steel ring in 5 sq.cm. and the number of turns of insulated copper wire wound around
the ring material is 500. The relative permeability of steel is 2000 and current is the coil in 5
Amps. Find energy density and total stored energy in the ring. JNTU March 2006
57
7. Derive an expression for force between two straight long parallel current carrying conductors.
What will be the nature of force if the current are in the same and opposite direction?
JNTU March 2006
4. A straight long wire is situated parallel to one side of a square coil. Each side of the coil has a
length of 10 cm. The distance between straight wire and the centre of the coil is 20 cm. Find
mutual inductance of the system. Derive formula used. JNTU March 2006
direction. JNTU March 2006
6. Derive the boundary conditions at the magnetic interfaces and show that tan è1/è2 = μr1/μr2
7. a) What is the torque experienced by a closed circuit carrying a current of I amps and placed in a
b) A galvanometer has a rectangular coil suspended in a radial magnetic field so that the magnetic
the coil for a current of 10mA. JNTU March 2006
8. a) Derive an expression for force per meter length between two straight long parallel wires
situated in space, separated by a distance ‘d’ m carrying a steady current of I amp. in the
opposite direction.
b) Two long straight parallel wires in air 2 m apart carry currents I1 &I2 in same direction. The field
intensity H at mid way is 7.5 AT/m. If the force on each wire per unit length is 2.5 × 10-4N,
Determine the values of I1 &I2. JNTU May 2005
9. A solenoid of 500 turns has a length of 50 cm and radius of 10 cm. A steel rod of circular cross
section is fitted in the solenoid co-axially and tightly. Relative permeability of steel is 3000. A d.c.
Current of 10 Amps is passed through the solenoid. Compute inductance of the system, energy
stored in the system and mean flux density inside the solenoid.
10. A torroid is made up of two semicircular rings of iron and steel held together tightly. Cross
sectional area of each part is 5 sq.cm and mean radius of torroid is 20 cm. Relative
permeabilities of steel and iron are respectively 2000 and 500. The exciting coil has 500 turns.
Find inductance of the system. JNTU May 2005
11. A two-conductor transmission line is made up of conductors, which are separated by a distance
of 2 mt. The radius of each conductor is 1 cm. The medium is air. Compute the exact value of
inductance of each conductor per kmt. length. Derive formula used .
12. Prove that the internal inductance of a non-magnetic cylindrical wire of radius ‘a’ carrying a
uniformly distributed current I is m0/8p Henries per mt. JNTU November 2004
58
13. a) Derive expression for vector magnetic potential due to a long wire of circular cross-section
carrying a current I.
b) Two narrow circular coils A and B have a common axis and are 10 cm apart. Coil A has 10
turns of radius 5 cm and coil B has 1 turn of radius 7.5 cm. If the magnetic field at the center of
Coil A must be zero, what current should flow in coil B? JNTU November 2004
14. A solenoid having a mean diameter of 20 cm and length of 50 cm has 1000 turns. This coil is to
2000. Length of the outer solenoid is equal to that of inner solenoid. Compute L1, L2 and M.
Neglect magnetic leakage. Medium is air. JNTU May/June 2004
15. Current in a coil is increased from zero to 10 Amps at a uniform rate is 5 seconds. It is found that
the coil develops self-induced e.m.f. of 100 volts where as an e.m.f. of 20 volts in produced in a
neighbouring coil. Compute self-inductance of the first coil and mutual inductance between the
two coils. JNTU May/June 2004
16. A D’Arsonal meter movement has uniform radial field of B=0.IT and a restoring spring with a
torque T=5.87X105q N-m, where the angle of rotation is in radians. The coil contains 35 turns
and measures 23mm by 17mm. What angle of rotation results from a coil current of 15mA?
JNTU May/June 2004
17. Two straight parallel conductors are infinitely long. The distance of separation between the
conductors is 1 mt. and the radius of each conductor in 1 cm. Medium is air. Compute
approximate inductance of each conductor per k mt. Length. Derive formula used.
JNTU May/June 2004
direction.
19. Derive the boundary conditions at the magnetic interfaces and show that tanq1 / q2 = mr1 /
mr2. JNTU May/June 2004
20. a) Define skin depth and derive an expression for it.
b) A long coaxial cable carries current I down the surface of the inner cylinder of radius a and
back along the outer cylinder of radius b. Find energy stored in a section of length l.
21. a) Explain self and mutual inductance and derive an expression for each.
b) Explain wave propagation in free space and derive various expression involved.
59
22. Derive formula for self-inductance of a solenoid. Use this formula and find self-inductance of a
solenoid having 500 turns, mean diameter equal to 10 cm and length equal to 5 cm. Assume
medium to be air. JNTU June 2003
23. A torroid is made of closed iron ring wound with 300 turns of insulated copper wire. The cross
sectional area of the ring in 5 sq. cm. The mean radius of the ring in 10 cm. Relative permeability
of iron is 1000. Find self-inductance. Derive the formula used.
What will be the nature of force if the currents are in the same and opposite directions?
JNTU June 2003
25. Derive an expression for energy density in a magnetic field and use this formula for computing
energy density in a magnetic field having flux density equal to 1 Tesla.
26. a) Prove that electric field is a conservative field. Show that E=xy î +2yz 5 + 3xz K cannot be an
electric field.
b) A hollow spherical shell carries a volume charge density r = k/r2 in the regian a d” r d” b. Find
electric field in the three regions: (i) r < a, (ii) a < r < b, (iii) r > b and plot |E| as a function of r.
JNTU November/December 2002
27. A solenoid of 500 turns has a length of 50cm and radius of 10 cm. A steel rod of circular cross
section is fitted in the solenoid co-axially and tightly. Relative perameability of steel is 3000. A
d.c. current of 10 Amps is passed through the solenoid. Compute inductance of the system,
energy stored in the system and mean flux density inside the solenoid.
28. Current in a coil is increased from zero to 10 Amps at a uniform rate in 5 seconds. It is found that
this coil develops self-induced. e.m.f. of 100 volts where as an e.m.f.of 20 valts is produced in a
neighbouring coil.Compute self inductance of the first coil and mutual induatance between the
two coils. JNTU November/December 2002
29. A solenoid of 500 turns has a length of 50 cm and a mean radius of 10cm. It is air cored it carries
a d.c. current of 10 Amps. Find vector magnetic potential at the centre of the solenoid and also
at the end of the solenoid. State approximations if any.
30. Two mutually coupled coils are connected in series.
L1 = 0.5 H L2 = 0.6 H M = 0.1 H A d c current of 2 Amp. Is passed through their system in
such a way that the current increase at a uniform rate of 1 Amp. Per Sec. What is the voltage
developed across the end point, if (a) the coils are connected in a magnetically aiding condition
(b) the coils are connected in a magnetically opposing condition. Derive formula used.
31.a) Two coils A and B are connected in series. Derive an expression for effective inductance of
60
this system. The two coils are magnetically coupled.
b) Define and explain the terms permeability and relative permeability of a magnetic material.
[8+8] JNTU NOV 2009
32. A solenoid of 500 turns has a length of 50 cm and a mean radius of 10 cm. It is air cored. It
carries a d.c. Current of 10 Amps. Find vector magnetic potential at the centre of the solenoid
and also at the end of the solenoid. State approximations if any.
33. Define and explain the term vector magnetic potential at any point inside a magnetic field. State
properties of vector magnetic potential.
34. A and B are two coils with 1000 and 2000 turns respectively and lying in parallel planes. Fifty
percent of flux produced by coil a links coil B. It is found that a current of 5 Amps produces a flux
of 50 milliwebers in coil A whereas the same current produces a flux of 60 milliwebers in coil B
when coil B carries this current. Find mutual inductance and co-efficient of coupling.
36. Two coils A and B are connected in series. Derive an expression for effective inductance of this
system. The two coils are magnetically coupled. JNTU March 2006
37. A conductor of length 100cm moves at right angles to a uniform field of strength 10,000 Lines
per cm2, with a velocity of 50 metres/sec. calculate the EMF induced in it. Find also the value of
the induced EMF when the conductor moves at an angle of 300 to the direction of the field.
JNTU March 2006
38. Explain what is meant by the term displacement current. Deduce equation of continuity of
current div (J+dD/dt)=0. JNTU March 2006
39. Find the displacement current density within a parallel plate Capacitor where o = 100o0,
a=0.01m2, d=0.05 mm and the capacitor Voltage is 100 sin 200 ðt volts?
40. An iron ring has a mean circumference of 125 cm and cross sectional area of 10 cm2. It is wound
with 500 turns of wire. When it carries 1.5 amps, the flux produced is 1 milli Weber. What is the
relative permeability of the iron material and what is the inductance of the system?. If a length
of 1mm is removed from the iron ring, what is the new value of inductance of the system?
JNTU March 2006
61
41. Explain the distinction between self-inductance and mutual inductance with relevant diagrams.
State the factors, which influence L and M. Suggest ways of producing a coil of large inductance
with minimum dimensions. JNTU March 2006
spaced 1 mapart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively. Determine
and B. JNTU May 2005
Find inductance of the system. JNTU May 2005
L1 = 0.5 H L2 = 0.6 H M = 0.1 H
A dc current of 2Amps is passed through this system in such a way that the current increases at
a uniform rate of 1 Amp. per sec. What is the voltage developed across the end points if
(a) the coils are connected in a magnetically aiding condition
(b) the coils are connected in a magnetically opposing condition.
Derive formula used. JNTU May 2005
45. Prove that in the case of two mutually coupled coils M = KpL1 L2 with usual notations.
current div (J+dD/dt)=0. JNTU May 2005
47. Explain the Faradays disc generator and derive an expression for finding the unknown magnetic
field. JNTU May 2005
48. Explain magnetic vector potential. JNTU May 2005
49. Derive the formula for the inductance of a pair of parallel conductors. JNTU May 2005
50. Calculate the loop-inductance per kilometer of 2 parallel round conductors spaced 80cm apart
and having a conductor diameter of 1cm. JNTU May 2005
51. a) State and explain Faraday’s laws of electromagnetism.
b) A solenoid is made up of 2000 turns of wire wound on a non ? magnetic former of length 0.8m.
A search coil with 500 turns and enclosing a mean area of 20 sq.cm is placed centrally in the
solenoid. Determine the mutual inductance of the arrangement. Also, find the e.m.f. induced in
62
the search coil when the current in the solenoid is increasing uniformly at the rate of 200
amperes per second. JNTU May 2005
52. Prove that in the case of two mutually coupled coils M = K with usual notations.
JNTU November 2005
53. a) State and explain the Faraday’s laws in Electro magnetic induction?
b) A stationary 10turns square coil of 1-meter side is situated with its lower left corner coincident
with the origin and with side’s x1 and y1 along x-axis and y-axis. If the field B is normal to the
plane of the coil. Determine the r.m.s value of e.m.f. induced in the coil if B varies harmonically
at a frequency of 1 KHz. JNTU November 2005
JNTU November 2005
55. a) State Maxwell’s equations in their general point form and derive their form for harmonically
varying fields.
b) In a material for which s=5.0(Wm)-1 and sr=1 the electric field intensity is E=250sin 1010t V/m.
Find the conduction and displacement current densities and the frequency at which they have
equal magnitudes. JNTU November 2005
56. A coaxial capacitor with inner radius 5mm, outer radius 6mm and length 500mm has a dielectric
for which er =6.7 and an applied voltage 250 sin 377 t volts. Determine the displacement current
and compare with the conduction current. JNTU November 2005
57. a) Derive expression for intrinsic impedance and find its value for free space.
b) Currents I1 = 10, I2 = -10 are flowing in two long parallel wires 20 cm apart. Find magnitude and
direction of magnetic flux density at a point 20 cm distant from each wire.
JNTU May/June 2004
59. a) State and explain the Faraday’s laws in Electro magnetic induction?
b) A stationary 10turns square coil of 1-meter side is situated with its lower left corner coincident
plane of the coil and has its amplitude given by B0=sinsin Tesla. Determine the r.m.s value of
63
e.m.f. induced in the coil if B varies harmonically at a frequency of 1 KHz.
JNTU May/June 2004
60. a) Explain what is meant by the term displacement current. Deduce equation of continuity of
current div (J+dD/dt)=0
b) The electric field intensity associated with a plane wave traveling in a perfect dielectric medium
is given by Ex(Z,t) = 10cos(2ð107 t – 0.1 ðx)V / m
i) Calculate the velocity of propagation.
ii) Write down an expression for the magnetic field intensity associated with the wave if m= m0.
JNTU June 2003
61. a) Show that the displacement current in the dielectric of a parallel plate capacitor is equal to the
conduction current in the Leads.
b) A uniform plane wave at 1 MHz travels in air in a direction that makes 300 with X-axis, 600 with
Y-axis and 900 with Z-axis. It has a Z-directed electric field of magnitude 5V/m. Express the
electric and magnetic fields in vector form. June 2003
62. Explain absolute and relative potential. Derive the expression for E in terms of V. What is the
advantage of this expression? JNTU November/December,2002
63. How are conductors different from insulators. How does wave propagation in conductors differ
from that in insulators? State the expressions for the different quantities in both cases.
64. Write down Maxwell’s equations in their general integral form, derive the corresponding
equations for fields varying harmonically with time. JNTU November/December,2002
65. Show that the ratio of the amplitude of the conduction current and displacement current
density is for the applied field E = Emax Cos wt V/m. JNTU November/December,2002
66. State and Prove the Poynting theorem for conducting medium.
67. A plane-traveling wave in free space has an average pointing vector of 1.5 watts/m2. Calculate
the average density. JNTU November/December,2002
68. a) Explain clearly what is meant by intrinsic impedance of a medium and derive an expression for
the intrinsic impedance of a dielectric medium?
b) A square loop of wire 25 cm by 25 cm has a voltmeter (of infinite impedance) connected in
series with one side. Determine the voltage induced by the metre when the loop is placed in an
alternating field, the maximum intensity of which is 1 AMP per metre. The plane of the loop is
perpendicular to the magnetic field varying at a frequency of 10 MHz.
64
69. A steady current I flows through a long cylindrical wire of radius R. Find the magnetic vector
potential at any point outside the conductor at radius r. Vector potential on the surface of the
conductor may be taken to be equal to zero.
1. A torroid is made up of closed steel ring of mean diameter equal to 75 cm. The area of cross
section of steel ring in 5 sq.cm. and the number of turns of insulated copper wire wound around
the ring material is 500. The relative permeability of steel is 2000 and current is the coil in 5
Amps. Find energy density and total stored energy in the ring
What will be the nature of force if the current are in the same and opposite direction?
3. A straight long wire is situated parallel to one side of a square coil. Each side of the coil has a
length of 10 cm. The distance between straight wire and the centre of the coil is 20 cm. Find
mutualinductance of the system. Derive formula used.
direction.
5. Derive the boundary conditions at the magnetic interfaces and show that tan è1/è2 = μr1/μr2
the coil for a current of 10mA.
8. Derive an expression for force per meter length between two straight long parallel wires
situated in space, separated by a distance ‘d’ m carrying a steady current of I amp. in the
opposite direction.
9. Two long straight parallel wires in air 2 m apart carry currents I1 &I2 in same direction. The field
intensity H at mid way is 7.5 AT/m. If the force on each wire per unit length is 2.5 × 10-4N.
Determine the values of I1 &I2.
10. A solenoid of 500 turns has a length of 50 cm and radius of 10 cm. A steel rod of circular cross
section is fitted in the solenoid co-axially and tightly. Relative permeability of steel is 3000. A d.c.
Current of 10 Amps is passed through the solenoid. Compute inductance of the system, energy
stored in the system and mean flux density inside the solenoid.
65
11. A solenoid having a mean diameter of 20 cm and length of 50 cm has 1000 turns. This coil is
placed co-axially inside another solenoid having a mean diameter of 60 cm and number of turns
equal to 2000. Length of the outer solenoid is equal to that of inner solenoid. Compute L1, L2
and M. Neglect magnetic leakage. Medium is air.
12. Current in a coil is increased from zero to 10 Amps at a uniform rate is 5 seconds. It is found that
the coil develops self-induced e.m.f. of 100 volts where as an e.m.f. of 20 volts in produced in a
neighbouring coil. Compute self-inductance of the first coil and mutual inductance between the
two coils.
13. A D’Arsonal meter movement has uniform radial field of B=0.IT and a restoring spring with a
torque T=5.87X105N-m, where the angle of rotation is in radians. The coil contains 35 turns
and measures 23mm by 17mm. What angle of rotation results from a coil current of 15mA?
direction.
16. Derive the boundary conditions at the magnetic interfaces and show that tan1 / 2 = r1 / r2.
17. Define skin depth and derive an expression for it.
18. A long coaxial cable carries current I down the surface of the inner cylinder of radius a and back
along the outer cylinder of radius b. Find energy stored in a section of length l
19. Explain self and mutual inductance and derive an expression for each.
20. Explain wave propagation in free space and derive various expression involved.
current div (J+dD/dt)=0.
22. Find the displacement current density within a parallel plate Capacitor where o = 100o0,
a=0.01m2, d=0.05 mm and the capacitor Voltage is 100 sin 200 ðt volts?
23. An iron ring has a mean circumference of 125 cm and cross sectional area of 10 cm2. It is wound
with 500 turns of wire. When it carries 1.5 amps, the flux produced is 1 milli Weber. What is the
relative permeability of the iron material and what is the inductance of the system?. If a length
of 1 mm is removed from the iron ring, what is the new value of inductance of the system?
66
24. Explain the distinction between self-inductance and mutual inductance with relevant diagrams.
State the factors, which influence L and M. Suggest ways of producing a coil of large inductance
with minimum dimensions
spaced 1 mapart. The conductors carry current of +100 and -100 Amps. respectively. Determine
and B.
Find inductance of the system.
L1 = 0.5 H L2 = 0.6 H M = 0.1 H
A dc current of 2Amps is passed through this system in such a way that the current increases at
a uniform rate of 1 Amp. per sec. What is the voltage developed across the end points if
(a) the coils are connected in a magnetically aiding condition
(b) the coils are connected in a magnetically opposing condition.
Derive formula used.
28. Prove that in the case of two mutually coupled coils M = KpL1 L2 with usual notations.
field.
31. State and explain the Faraday’s laws in Electro magnetic induction?
32. A stationary 10turns square coil of 1-meter side is situated with its lower left corner coincident
plane of the coil and has its amplitude given by B0=sinx1xsin Tesla. Determine the r.m.s value
of e.m.f. induced in the coil if B varies harmonically at a frequency of 1 KHz.
current div (J+dD/dt)=0
67
34. The electric field intensity associated with a plane wave traveling in a perfect dielectric medium
is given by Ex(Z,t) = 10cos(2ð107 t – 0.1 ðx)V / m
i) Calculate the velocity of propagation.
ii) Write down an expression for the magnetic field intensity associated with the wave if = 0.
35. Show that the displacement current in the dielectric of a parallel plate capacitor is equal to the
conduction current in the Leads.
36. A uniform plane wave at 1 MHz travels in air in a direction that makes 300 with X-axis, 600 with
Y axis and 900 with Z-axis. It has a Z-directed electric field of magnitude 5V/m. Express the
electric and magnetic fields in vector form.
37. Explain absolute and relative potential. Derive the expression for E in terms of V. What is the
advantage of this expression?
38. How are conductors different from insulators. How does wave propagation in conductors differ
from that in insulators? State the expressions for the different quantities in both cases.
39. Write down Maxwell’s equations in their general integral form, derive the corresponding
equations for fields varying harmonically with time.
40. Show that the ratio of the amplitude of the conduction current and displacement current
density is for the applied field E = Emax Cos wt V/m.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. _______due to magnetic fields can be experienced due to a moving charged particle in a

magnetic field.
a) Force b) Electric field c) Magnetic field d) None
2. _________field is capable of exerting a force only on a moving charge. [ ]
a) Electric b) Mechanical c) Magnetic d) both (a) & (b)
3. Force on a charged particle in an electrostatic field(E) is
a) Fm= Q (u X m) b) Fm= ma c) Fe= ga d) Fe= QE
4. Force on a charged particle moving with a linear velocity u in presence of magnetic field of B is
given by ___ [ ]
a) Fm= Q (u X B) b) Fm= (Q X B)u c) Fe= QE d) None
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5. _______force doesn’t cause an increase in kinetic energy.
a) Electric b) Magnetic c) Mechanical d) None
6. ____force is independent of velocity of the charge [ ]
a) Electric b) Magnetic c) Mechanical d) None
7. The solution of Lorentz force equation is required in determining electric orbits in____ and
proton paths in ____ [ ] (2 marks)
a) Cyclotron, Cyclotron b)Magnetron, Magnetron c) Magnetron, cyclotron d)None
9. The expression for Lorentz force equation is ____
10. Lorentz force equation includes both ___ and ___ forces
a) Electric, magnetic b) Only electric force c) Only magnetic force d) None
11. The expression for force on a current carrying conductor in magnetic field is ___
12. The expression for force on a surface current element Kds in magnetic field is ___
13. The expression for force on a volume current element Jdv in magnetic field is ___
14. Magnetic force per unit current element is also known as ____ [ ]
a) Electric flux density b) Magnetic flux density c) Electromagnetic density d) None
15. The expression for toque due to a magnetic dipole is ____
16. A ____ is a simple bar magnet with pole strength Qm and length x [ ]
a) Electric dipole b) Dipole c) Magnetic dipole d) None
17. If two long parallel conductors are carrying currents in the same direction, then the force
between the conductors is ____ and if the current in both is in opposite direction, then the force
between them is ___ (2 marks)
18. The expression for torque due to a magnetic dipole in terms of flux density, current, area of
cross section of loop and angle between the normal to the plane of conductor and Magnetic flux
density is ____
19. The Lorentz force equation relates ____force and ____force.
20. The magnetic scalar potential (Vm) is related to H as ____ [ ]
69
a) H = Vm b) H = Vm2 c) H = -Vm d) H = -ΛVm
21. Laplace equation in magnetostatics is given by ____ [ ]
a) ΛVm =0 b) Λ2 Vm = 0 c) H = -ΛVm d) None
23. The magnetic scalar potential (Vm) is only defined in aregion where __ [ ]
a) J=0 b) J≠0 c) both (a) & (b) d) None
24. The relation between Magnetic flux density (B) and vector magnetic potential(A) is [ ]
a) ▼X B = A b) BX A = ▼ c) B = ▼X A d) A X B = ▼
25. The expression for vector magnetic potential (A) due to line current configuration is [ ]
a) A = ∫(µo Idl)/4ΠR b) A = (µo I/4Π) ∫1/R c) (µo /4 Π) ∫Idl/R d) None
26. The vector poisson’s equation is [ ]
a) ▼2Vm= J b) ▼Vm= -J c) ▼Am= -J d) ▼2A= - µo J
27. For stationary magnetic fields [

]
a) ▼. A = 0 b) ▼. A ≠ 0 c) ▼A = 0 d) None
28. The use of ____provides a powerful approach to electromagnetic problems relating to Antennas.
a) Scalar magnetic potential b) Magnetic vector potential c) both (a) & (b) d) None
29. The vector identity ▼X(ΦA) = [ ]
a) (▼A)Φ+▼ Φ A b) (▼XA)Φ+▼ ΦX A c) ▼ (Φ XA) d) None
30. Inside a current carrying conductor the expression ___ is not true. [ ]
a) H= -▼Vm b) H= Vm c) H2= Vm d) None
31. __________ defined as the ratio of the total flux linkages to the current which they link
32. The unit of inductance is____
33. Inductance is similar to __ in physics
34. Inductance is a property of the coil which doesn’t allow sudden changes in ___
35. The expression for self inductance of a long solenoid is___
70
37. The expression for self inductance of a coaxial cable is___
38. The expression for self loop inductance of a single phase transmission line is___
40. The expression for self inductance of a toroid is___
41. Energy density in a magnetostatics is ______
42. Energy stored in magnetic field due to an inductance with current I amps is____
KEY: 1. a 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. a 7.c 9. F = Q(E+ u X B) 10. a

11. F = ∫Idl X B 12. F = ∫Kds X B 13. F = ∫Jdv X B
14. Magnetic flux density 15. T = m X B 16. Magnetic dipole
17. attractive, repulsive 18. T = BIA Sinα 19. Mechanical, Electrical
20. d 21. b. 22. a 23. c 24. a 25. d 26. a 27. b 28. b 29. a
30. Inductance 31. Henry. 32. inertia 33. current 34. (µN2A)/l
35. L = (µ/2 Π) ln(b/a) H/m 36. (µl/ Π) ln(d/r) 37. (µN2A)/2 Π Rm
38. wm = B2/ 2µ = ½ BH =1/2 µH2 39. ½ LI2
GATE QUESTIONS
1. The energy stored in the magnetic field of a solenoid 30 cm long and 3 cm diameter wound with
100 turns of wire carrying a current of 10 A is
(a) 0.15 Joule (b) 0.15 Joule (c) 0.5 Joule (d) 1.15 Joule GATE 2006
2. The critical frequency of an ionosphere layer is 10 MHz. What is the maximum launching angle
from the horizon for which a 20 MHz wave will be reflected by the layer?
a) 00 b) 300 c) 450 d) 900 GATE 2006
3. Two infinite parallel metal plates are charged with equal surface charge density of the same
polarity. The electric field in the gap between the plates is
(a) the same as that produced by one plate (b) double of the field produced by one plate
(c) dependent on coordinates or field point (d) zero GATE 2006
71
4. a) State Faraday’s law of induction
b) A rectangular loop of sides a, b has its plan normal to a magnetic flux density of strength B0
sin wt. What is the voltage induced in the above loop ? GATE 1994
5. A charge Q is uniformly distributed along a circular filament of radius a. Deduce the electric field
intensity at the centre. GATE1994
6. A steady magnetic field of 100 amp/m is incident on an iron – air boundary as shown in Fig 12.
Relative permeability of iron is 8,000.
a) Write the boundary conditions for the magnetic field in terms of the indicated variables and
parameters, assuming surface currents to be absent.
b) Plot a vs q for the range 0 £ q £p/2
c) For q = p/4, fin000d the magnitude and direction of magnetic flux density in air at the
interface GATE 1992
7. Two parallel wires each of 3 metres length have a separation of 4 mm. Calculate the forces
exerted on each of these wires when they carry a current of 5 A. in te same direction and
opposite direction. Assume m0=4p x 10-7 H/m. IES 2004
8. Determine the force exerted per meter by a 2 mm dia conductor of infinite length, on a similar
parallel conductor 1 m away, when a potential of 1000 V is existing between them. Make
suitable assumptions about other details you need and state them. IES 1999
9. Explain what do you understand by antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. Show the variation
of susceptibility with temperature for the materials pertaining to these phenomena.
What are ferrites ? Give their characteristics and applications. IES 1996
10. Two electric dipoles aligned parallel to each other and having the same axis exert a force F on
each other, when a distance d a part. If the dipoles are a distance 2nd apart, then the mutual
force between them would be
(a) F/2 (b) F/4 (c) F/8 (d) F/16 IES 1996
11. The field at any point on the axis of a current carrying circular coil will be
(a) perpendicular to the axis (b) parallel to the axis
(c) at an angle of 450 with the axis (d) Zero IES 1994
72
12. A toroidal iron ring has a uniform cross-sectional area of 50 mm2, and a meanmagnetic path
length of 100 mm. The ring has an airgap of 1mm. The ring is excited with a dc current of 1 A
through a coil of 100 turns wound uniformly along its length. The iron may be assumed to be
perfect magnetic material. The effect of ringing at the gap may be assumed to increase the
effective area of magnetic flux t the gap by 10% . Evaluate
(a) the exciting mmf of the coil (b) the effective reductane of magnetic circuit
(c) the magnetic flux in the airgap (d) the inductance of the coil
(e) the energy stored in the magnetic field under the above excitation. GATE 1991
13. Show that in a source free homogeneous isotropic linear medium, the time harmonic electric
and magnetic fields are given by where A and F are magnetic and electric vector potential.
14. For a current element Idl , situated at an arbitrary point, the magnetic vector potential A equals
(R is the distance of the observation point from the centre of the current element)
15. Define magnetic potential vector. Derive an expression for the mutual inductance between two
straight parallel wires of length L using magnetic potential IES 1996
16. A straight wire of length L is charged with electricity of amount q per unit length. This is placed
near an earthed conducting sphere of radius of r. The centre of the sphere is at a perpendicular
distance ‘s’ from the wire. The ends of the wire are the distribution of charge on the wire is
unaffected by induction. IES 1996
17. Write notes on
(i) Magnetic Anisotropy and (ii) Magnetostriction IES

1994
18. Derive the expression forth electric field intensity at any point inside and outside of a sphere of
radius ‘a’ due to a uniform spherical distribution of charge of density P by applying Poisson’s
equation or its equaivalent. Div. D= P both inside and outside the sphere. One constant is
evaluated by matching solutions at the boundary of the sphere and the other is evaluated by
noting that D is zero as the centre of the sphere. IES 1992
73
UNIT – V: TIME VARYING FIELDS
OBJECTIVE:
On the conclusion of the Unit – VIII, The student must be able to
 Once the students gets the basic knowledge of emf from basic laws.The students are able
to understand the related equations for Faradays Law and modification of Maxwell’s
equations for time varying fields Also the power flow in transmission lines with the help
of Poynting theorem concept helps the students to understand.
1.What is Displacement current
2. State the Maxwell's equation
3.Define diffusion current
4.state faraday's Law
5.Define Drift current
6.State the difference between drift current and diffusion current
7. What is poynting vector
1.a) Distinguish between conduction and displacement currents.
b) Starting from first principles derive Maxwell’s equation using ampere’s law and derive
these equations for harmonically varying fields. [8+8] JNTU NOV 2009
2. (a) Explain what is meant by the term displacement current. Deduce equation of continuity of
74
(b) Find the displacement current density within a parallel plate Capacitor where ǫ = 100ǫ0,
a=0.01m2, d=0.05 mm and the capacitor Voltage is 100 sin 200 πt volts?
JNTU NOV 2008
4. Write the Maxwell’s equations for harmonically varying fields? JNTU NOV 2008
5. (a) Starting form first principle derive Maxwell’s equation using Faraday’s law
and show that div B=0.
(b) For coaxial cylindrical condenser of radii ‘a’ and ‘b’ length ‘L’, evaluate the total displacement
current flowing across any cylindrical surface of radius ‘r’ (a < r < b), taking the average variation
as sinusoidal in time and the variation of electric field with radius the same as in statics. Show
that the result is independent of radius and equal to the charging current for the condenser.
JNTU NOV 2008
6. Write Maxwell’s equations in good conductors for time varying fields and static fields both in
differential and integral form? JNTU March 2006
7. Derive the wave equation in an conducting medium form Maxwell’s electromagnetic field
equations and hence, show that a plane EMW is attenuated as its propagates though the
medium. Find the skin depth. What is skin effect? JNTU March 2006
8. Write down Maxwell’s equations in their general integral form. Derive the corresponding
equations for fields varying harmonically with time. JNTU March 2006
9. Show that the ration of the amplitude of the conduction current and displacement current
density is for the applied field E = Emax Cos wt V/m. JNTU March 2006
10. a) Derive the wave equation for a conducting medium.
b) A plane-traveling wave in free space has an average poynting vector of 1.5 watts/m2. Calculate
the average energy density. JNTU May 2005
field. JNTU May 2005
12. a) State and Prove the Poynting theorem for conducting medium.
b) A plane-traveling wave in free space has an average pointing vector of 1.5 watts/m2. Calculate
the average density. JNTU May 2005
75
13. Assuming Maxwell’s equations, show that the quantity given by the expression H (E × H) ds is
equal to the total power flowing out the volume enclosed by the closed surface ¯ S surrounding
the volume. JNTU May 2005
14. a) Define skin depth and derive an expression for it.
b) The electric field intensity associated with a plane wave traveling in a perfect dielectric medium
is given by Ex(Z,t)=10cos(2_ 107t - 0.1_x)V/m
i. Calculate the velocity of propagation.
ii. Write down an expression for the magnetic field intenity associated with the wave if μ = μ0.
JNTU May 2005
15. a) State and explain the Maxwell’s equations in di_erential and integral form.
b) Find the velocity of a plane wave in a loss-less medium having a relative permeability of unity
and relative permittivity of S.
c) What is poynting vector? JNTU May 2005
16. Show that the total power flow along a coaxial cable will be given by the surface integration of
the pointing vector over any closed surface. JNTU November 2004
17. Given E=Emaxsin(wt-b.z) , show that the E and H field constitute a wave traveling in the z
direction. Verify that the wave speed and E/H depends on the properties of free space.
medium. Find the skin depth. What is the skin effect? JNTU November 2004
19. The electromagnetic energy flow per second across a closed surface is given by the flux of a
vector across the surface. Derive an expression for the said vector called the Poynting’s vector
and state the theorem in this condition. JNTU November 2004
20. Write notes on a) Polarisation b) Poynting. JNTU November 2004
21. a) State and Prove the Poynting theorem for conducting medium.
b) A plane-traveling wave in free space has an average pointing vector of 1.5 watts/m2. Calculate
the average density. JNTU May/June-2004
22. Explain wave propagation in perfect dielectrics.
76
23. Show that the characteristic wave impedance of a uniform plane wave is any medium is given by
h=( jwm/(s+ jwe))1/2. JNTU May/June-2004
equations for fields varying harmonically with time. JNTU May/June-2004
density is for the applied field E=Emax Cos wt V/m. JNTU May/June-2004
26. Explain clearly what is meant by intrinsic impedance of a medium and derive an expression for
the intrinsic impedance of a dielectric medium? JNTU May/June-2004
27. A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in free space has amplitude of E0 equal to 50 mV/m and
electric field vector at any point varies sinusoidally with time. What are the peak and average
values of pointing vector? JNTU May/June-2004
28. Write notes on: (a) Polarisation (b) Gauss law. JNTU May-2004
29. Write notes on:
a) Poynting Theorem b) Capacitance of overhead lines. JNTU June 2003
30. a) Find the velocity of a plane wave in a lossless medium having relative permittivity S and relative
permeability L?
b) For uniform plane waves in fresh lake water (having s=10-2 mho/m, e=80e0, m= m0). Find a,b,h
and l for two frequencies: 100MHz and 10 KHz. JNTU June 2003
31. a) Assuming Maxwell’s equations, show that the quantity given by the expression _ (EXH)ds is
equal to the total power flowing out the volume enclosed by the closed surface S surrounding
the volume.
b) A conductor of length 100cm moves at right angles to a uniform field of strength 10,000 lines
per cm2, with a velocity of 50 meters/sec. Calculate the EMF induced in it. Find also the value of
JNTU June 2003
32. a) Distinguish between conduction and displacement currents?
b) A Faradays copper disc 0.3m diameter is rotated at 60 rps on a horizontal axis perpendicular to
and though the centre of the disc, the axis lying in a horizontal field of 20 micro Tesla.
Determine the EMF measured between the brushes. JNTU June 2003
33. a) Derive an expression for the depth of penetration of an electromawtgnetic wave in a good
conducting medium.
77
b) A uniform plane EMW propagating in air is given by E wt y i V m x cos( 2 ) / Derive
by using one of the expressions for the vector magnetic field. JNTU June 2003
34. a) State Maxwell’s equation in their general point form and derive their form for harmonically
varying fields.
b) In a material for which s=5.0(&!m)-1 and sr=1 the electric field intensity is E=250 sin 1010t V/m.
Find the conduction and displacement current densities and the frequency at which they have
equal magnitudes. JNTU June 2003
35. Write short notes on:
a) Polarization b) Vector Magnetic Potential. JNTU November/December,2002
36. a) Show that the electric field E induced by a time varying magnetic field B is given by the
expression. XE B/ t
b) A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in free space has amplitude of Eo equal to 50 ìV/m and
the electric field vector at any point varies sinusoidally with time. What are the peak and
average values of pointing vector? JNTU November/December,2002
37. Explain the Pysical interpretation of Maxwell’ equations.
38. A square coil rotates at a constant sped of 500 rpm about an axis perpendicular to a stationary
uniform field of magnetic induction 0.75 Tesla. The coil has mean dimensions of 15 cm by and is
wound with 100 turns. Determine the dynamically induced emf in the coil when the plane of the
coil is
(i) In the same plane as the field

(ii) (ii) At right angles to the field, and Inclined at 30 to the field.
39. Prove that in dimensional case the wave equation for the electric field in free space.
40. A sinusoidal plane wave is transmitted through a medium whose break down strength is 30
kV/m and whose relative permeability is 4. Determine the mean possible RMS Power flow
density and the peak value of the associated magnetizing force.
41. Explain the concept of traveling electromagnetic waves. Obtain the velocity of wave propagation
over a transmission line having an inductance of L henry/m and capacitance of C farad/m.
JNTU November/December,2002
78
42. A single turn rectangular loop with enclosed area of 1 square metre is situated in air with its
plane normal to a magnetic field which varies at the rate of 1 Tesla/Sec. estimate the EMF
induced in the loop. JNTU November/December,2002
43. Starting form first principles derive Maxwell’s equation using ampere’s law and derive these
equations for harmonically varying fields. JNTU November/December,2002
A circ
44. ular copper ring has aradius of 0.1 metre and a circular cross section of radius 10-3 metre is situated
in a time varying magnetic field. The magnetic flux is normal to the plane of the ring and
changes at the rate of 4 x 10-3 Tesla/Sec. The conductivity of copper is 5.8 x 107 mho/metre.
Determine the current in the ring. JNTU November/December,2002
density is for the applied field E = Emax Cos wt V/m.
3. Derive the wave equation for a conducting medium.
4. A plane-traveling wave in free space has an average poynting vector of 1.5 watts/m2. Calculate
the average energy density.
field.
6. State and Prove the Poynting theorem for conducting medium.
7. A plane-traveling wave in free space has an average pointing vector of 1.5 watts/m2. Calculate
the average density.
8. Assuming Maxwell’s equations, show that the quantity given by the expression H (E × H) ds is
equal to the total power flowing out the volume enclosed by the closed surface ¯ S surrounding
the volume.
9. Define skin depth and derive an expression for it.
10. The electric field intensity associated with a plane wave traveling in a perfect dielectric medium
is given by Ex(Z,t)=10cos(2_ 107t - 0.1_x)V/m
i. Calculate the velocity of propagation.
79
ii. Write down an expression for the magnetic field intensity associated with the wave if μ = μ0.
11. Show that the total power flow along a coaxial cable will be given by the surface integration of
the pointing vector over any closed surface.
12. Given E=Emaxsin(wt-.z)y a, show that the E and H field constitute a wave traveling in the z
direction. Verify that the wave speed and E/H depends on the properties of free space.
medium. Find the skin depth. What is the skin effect?
14. The electromagnetic energy flow per second across a closed surface is given by the flux of a
vector across the surface. Derive an expression for the said vector called the Poynting’s vector
and state the theorem in this condition.
15. Write notes on
a) Polarisation b) Poynting.
16. Explain wave propagation in perfect dielectrics.
17. Show that the characteristic wave impedance of a uniform plane wave is any medium is given by
=(j/(+ j))1/2.
density is for the applied field E=Emax Cos wt V/m.
20. Explain clearly what is meant by intrinsic impedance of a medium and derive an expression for
the intrinsic impedance of a dielectric medium?
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. The _____field is nothing but the study of electric field produced by a changing magnetic field
and the magnetic field produced by a changing electric field.
2. The total emf induced in a circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the total magnetic flux
linking the circuit. This is known as ___
3. In the e quation e = -dΦ/dt _____ indicates the direction of emf ’e’ in such a that it opposes the
cause.
80
4. The induced current in the loop is always so directed as to produce the flux opposing the change
in magnetic flux. This is known as _____
5. The two types of induced emfs are _____ and _____ (2marks)
6. An ______charge doesn’t exist. [ ]
a) isolated magnetic b) isolated electric c) both (a) & (b) d) none
7. Time varying current produce ___ fields [ ]
a) Electric b) magnetic c)Electromagnetic d) None
8. The emf induced by the time varying current in a stationary loop is known as ___
a) Transformer emf b) Dynamic emf c) Static emf d) both (a) & (c) [ ]
9. Ampere’s law modified for time varying field is___
a) ▼XE = J b) ▼XB = 0 c) ▼XH = J + dD/dt d) None
10. The relation between E and A is ___ [ ]
11. Maxwell’s third equation is___ [ ]
a) ▼XJ = H b) ▼. H = J c) H X J = ▼ d) ▼XH = J
12. JD = dD/dt is known as ____
a) Displacement current density b) Conduction current density
c) convection current density d) Both (a ) & (b)
13. _____ is associated with time varying electric fields. [ ]
a) Conduction current b) convection current c) displacement current d) both (a) & (c)
14. For nonconductivity medium the modified Ampere’s law becomes____ [ ]
a) ▼XH = J b) ▼XH = dD/dt c) ▼H = J d) None
15. Point form of Maxwell’s first equation is ___ [ ]
a) ▼. D = 0 b) ▼. B = 0 c) ▼XE = B d) None
16. Point form of Maxwell’s fourth equation is ___ [ ]
A ) ▼XB = - E b) ▼XB = - dE/dt c) ▼XE = -dB/dt d) None
81
17. The differential form of Maxwell’s fourth equation is ___ [ ]
a) ▼XB = - E b) ▼XB = - dE/dt c) ▼XE = -dB/dt d) None
18. ___ states that net power flowing out of a given volume ‘V’ is equal to the time rate of decrease
in the energy stored in the ‘V’ minus the conduction losses . [ ]
19. The relation between S, E, H is _____ [ ]
a) SXH = E b) EXH = S c) SH =E d) None
KEY: 1. Time varying 2. Faradays law 3. - sign 4. Lenz’s law 5. Static, Dynamic 6. a 7. c 8. a 09.
c 10. E = - dA/dt 11. d 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. a. 16. c 17. c 18. Poynting Theorem 19. b
GATE QUESTIONS
1. Medium wave radio signals may be received at far off distance at night because
(a) radio waves travel faster at night (b) ground wave attenuation is low at night
(c) the sky wave is stronger at night (d) there is no fading at night GATE 2006
2. When electromagnetic waves are propagated in a wave guide
(a) they travel along the broader walls of the guide
(b) thy are reflected from the walls but do not travel along them
(c) they travel through the dielectric without touching the walls
(d) they travel along all four walls of the waveguie GATE 2006
3. As a result of reflections from a plane conducting wall, electromagnetic waves acquire an

apparent velocity greater than the velocity of light in space. This is called the
(a) velocity of propagation
(b) normal velocity
(c) group velocity
(d) phase velocity GATE 2006
4. When electromagnetic waves are reflected at an angle from a wall, their wave length along the
wall is
(a) the same as in free space
(b) the same as the wavelength perpendicular to the wall
82
(c) shortened because of the Doppler effect
(d) greater than in the actual direction of propogation GATE 2006
5. Write the Maxwell’s equation in a good conductor for time harmonic fields. Show that the
conduction current density J in a good conductor must satisfy.
(.J) 2J - jJ IES 2005
6. Make statements about tangential components of E and H, and normalcomponents of B and D

at any surface of discontinuity. Derive Maxwell’s equation for harmonically varying fields
inintegral and differential forms. For coaxial capacitor (having outer radius b, inner radius a and
length l), find the displacement current flowing across a surface at a radius r between a and b.
Assume V=V maxsin wt. IES 2004
7. A handy ‘curl meter’in the form of a pin wheel is used to indicate curl of a vector field.”
Justifythe statement. IES 2001
8. When a closed conducting loop ‘C’ is moving with a constant velocity ‘V’ through a non-uniform
time-varying magnetic field ‘B’ , the voltage induced in the loop is given IES 1998
9. From Maxwell’s curl equations derive the wave equation in E for a plane wave traveling in the
positive Y-direction in an istropic homogeneous lossless medium. The electric field is in Z-
direction. Assuming harmonic variation, state a solution of this equation and prove that it is a
solution. IES 2000
10. Using Maxwell’s equations, derive equations to demonstrate the propagation of uniform plane
waves in a perfect dielectric medium. IES 1999
11. Deduce pointing theorem in complex form and discuss its significance. IES 1998
12. Obtain the three dimensional wave equation for an absorbing medium assumed to be both
magnetically and electrically homogenous and isotropic. The charge density in the field may be,
assumed to be zero. Hence determine the wave equation if the field is varying harmonically with
time. IES 1993
83
84

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A Course File

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELETRONICS ENGINEERING

VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

VIGNAN HILLS, DESHMUKHI (V) POCHAMPALLY (M),

Sl. No. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

9 COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH POS 7

UNIT – II : Conductors and Dielectric & Capacitance

UNIT – III : Magneto Statics :

Ampere’s circuital law and its applications

UNIT – IV : Force in Magnetic fields :

UNIT – V : Time Varying Fields :

T2. “Electro magnetic Fields” by Sadiku, Oxford Publications

T5. “Electromagnetics” by J P Tewari.

T6. “Electromagnetics” by J. D Kraus Mc Graw-Hill Inc. 4th edition 1992.

T7. “Electromagnetic fields”, by S. Kamakshaiah, Right Publishers, 2007.

T8. “Field Theory” by K A Gangadhar, khanna publishers

1. www.quarter-wave.com : It deals with the quarter wavelength loudspeaker design

2. www.nanomagnetics.org : It deals with the Magnetic materials - characterization techniques -

1. IEEE transactions on Electromagnetic waves.

STUDENTS SEMINAR TOPICS

To become a centre of excellence in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Education which

 To impart a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

COURSE PS01 PSO2

9. COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH POs:

10.COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING WITH PSOs:

11. SCHEME OF EVALUATION:

PARTICULAR WEIGHTAGE MARKS

12. LECTURE PLAN UNIT WISE:

UNIT – I: ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS

1 Review of vector algebra 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

3 Introduction to Electrostatic Fields 1 LCD PPT T1,T2

5 Electric Field Intensity – Concept 1 Chalk & Board T2

6 Field intensity due to continuous line charge 1 Chalk & Board T2

7 Field intensity due to a surface charge 1 Chalk & Board T2

8 Workdone in moving a point charge in electrostatic 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

9 Potential and Potential Difference, Problems 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

10 Potential Gradient 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

11 Properties of potential function 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

12 Concept of Flux density 1 Chalk & Board ,LCD T1

13 Gauss’s Law 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T1

14 Application of Gauss’s Law 1 Chalk & Board & LCD T2

16 Divergence – Basic Concept 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

17 Maxwell’s First Equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

18 Divergence Theorem & Problems 1 Chalk & Board T1,T7

Total Number of Periods 19

UNIT – II: CONDUCTORS,DIELECTRICS AND CAPACITANCE

2 Electric field intensity due to an E.Dipole 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

3 Potential of a dipole 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

4 Derivation of torque due to dipole 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

5 Conductors 1 LCD PPT T1,T2,T7

6 Conductor behavior in EFI 1 LCD PPT T1,T2,T7

7 Insulators and their properties 1 LCD PPT T1,T2,T7

8 Problem solving 1 Chalk & Board T7,T1,T8

12 Energy density in the Electrostatic field 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

14 The continuity equation 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

16 Equation of continuity 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

17 Problems solving 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2,T7, T8

18 Capacitance and its importance 1 Chalk & Board, LCD T1,T2

19 Capacitors & their types 1 Chalk & Board T1,T2

20 Capacitance Calculations 1 Chalk & Board T1,T7

Total Number of Periods 20