Vastu Shastra of Indian Residential Buildings in Context With The Environment

VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN CONTEXT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS IN CONTEXT WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the Eight semester, Degree of
BACHELOR OF ARCHIECTURE
of the University of Kerala
college seal
DISSERTATION
January 2019- June2019
Guided by Submitted by
Ar. Uthara K S Haripriya T K
Department of Architecture
Thangal Kunju Musaliar College Of Engineering
Kollam- 691005, Kerala
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page i
May 2016
Thangal Kunju Musaliar College Of Engineering

Kollam- 691005, Kerala
Depratment of Architecture
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonifide record of the
dissertation submitted by
HARIPRIYA T K
during the period of January 2019 to May 2019
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Eighth semester, Degree of
BACHELOR OF ARCHIECTURE
of the University of Kerala
Guided by Submitted by
Ar. Uthara K S Haripriya T K
Valued by
External examiner Internal examiner

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page ii
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that dissertation named Vastu Shastra of Indian Residential Buildings
in context with the Environment, submitted to the Department of Architecture, TKM
College of Engineering, is a record of an original work done by me, under the guidance
of Architect. Uthara K S, Department of Architecture TKMCE.
The information and given data in this report is authentic to the best of my knowledge
and is not submitted in any other university or institution for the award or any degree or
fellowship.
Kollam Haripriya T K
10-6-2019
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I consider myself extremely privileged to have been guided by Ar. Uthara K S,

Department of Architecture, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, in completing this
dissertation paper and I am greatly indebted in her for her meticulous guidance and
advices and the efforts she put in to make this paper happen.
I take this opportunity to thank Prof. Jolly John, Dissertation coordinator, Department
of Architecture, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam for her valuable support
throughout the dissertation.
I owe my deep gratitude to our Head of the Department Prof. Dr Dili A S, who guided
us all along, till the completion of our project work by developing a good system.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Vastu Consultant Mr. Radhakrishnan

Manayil for taking time from his busy schedule to discuss in depth about the basics and
principles of Vastu Shastra.
I would also like to thank the employees of Vaikom Munsiff Court for taking part in
the survey that was conducted which turned out to be extremely helpful for the
research.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to my family members and parents for their
constant support, prayers and encouragement over the years. Above all, I bow my head
before God Almighty for his blessings showered upon me in all my difficulty.
Haripriya T K
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page iv

VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS IN CONTEXT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT
Vastu Shastra is an ancient Vedic science of layout planning of buildings that has stood
the test of times, influencing peace and prosperity of the inhabitants. Vastu science
does not find its root in astrology but is a science which deals with the management of
cosmic energy in building and structures. Vastu helps in making a congenial setting or
a place to live and work in a most scientific way taking advantage of the benefits
bestowed by nature, its elements and energy fields for enhanced health, wealth,
prosperity and happiness.
Vastu Shastra unifies the science, art, astronomy and astrology, it can also be said as an
ancient mystic science for designing and building, Vastu Shastra helps us to make our
lives better and will secure us from things going negative.
Vastu has acclaimed immense popularity among the common people throughout the
time. However the scientific grounds and environmental significance of the tradition is
still unknown to the vast majority of them. Howbeit, for modern homemakers,
environmental context can be more relatable and easy to understand. Having more
knowledge about the same will encourage more people to consider Vastu during their
planning and construction. The purpose is to clear the fears in the mind of the people
about the misconception of Vastu Shastra, which are mostly the fear created by
consultants or other people by threats of destruction, or bad luck.
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1

1.1 AIM ................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 3
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS .......................................................................... 3
1.3.1 SCOPE: ...................................................................................................... 3
1.3.2 LIMITATIONS: ......................................................................................... 3
1.4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 5

2.1 VASTU SHASTRA .......................................................................................... 5
2.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF VASTU SHASTRA ................................. 7
2.2.1 THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF NATURE ..................................................... 7
2.2.2 THE EIGHT CARDINAL DIRECTIONS ................................................ 8
2.3 THE OCCULT ASPECT .................................................................................. 9
2.3.1 PERSONAL MOTIVES OF THE CONSULTANTS ............................... 9
2.3.2 MYTHOLOGICAL STORIES .................................................................. 9
2.3.3 CONTEMPORARY SITUATION OF VASTU IN INDIA .................... 10
2.4 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VASTU AND THEIR APPLICATION ............... 10

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page vi
2.4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 10
2.4.2 ELEMENTAL LEVEL ............................................................................ 11
2.4.3 PLANNING LEVEL ............................................................................... 13
2.4.4 EXTENSIVE LEVEL .............................................................................. 17
2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEVANCE AND LOGICAL APPROACH TO
VASTU ...................................................................................................................... 20
2.5.1 SOLAR RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ........................................... 20
2.5.2 DIRECTIONS AND DEITIES ................................................................ 21
2.5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT ........................................................... 21
2.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES .................................................................................. 31

3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 31
3.2 LITERATURE CASE STUDY....................................................................... 32
3.2.1 VASTU HOUSE, BANGALORE ........................................................... 32
3.3 LIVE CASE STUDY ...................................................................................... 38
3.3.1 KUMARANJIYEDATHU THARAVADU ............................................ 38
3.3.2 RESIDENCE FOR MR. PAUL MUNDADAN ...................................... 41
3.4 ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER 4 SURVEY .............................................................................................. 48

CHAPTER 5 INFERENCE ........................................................................................ 55
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 56
CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................ 57
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page vii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: The Vastu Deities .......................................................................................... 6

Figure 2.2: The five elements and their symbols ............................................................. 7
Figure 2.3: Cardinal Directions according to Vastu ........................................................ 8
Figure 2.4: The ideal placement of rooms and other places in the home according to
Vastu (Ravi & Minu Architects, 2012) .......................................................................... 13
Figure 2.5: Vastu Purush (Ravi & Minu Architects, 2012) ........................................... 16
Figure 3.1: Vastu House (Archdaily, 2010) ................................................................... 32
Figure 3.2: The Planning of the house (Archdaily, 2010) ............................................ 33
Figure 3.3:Ground Floor, Vastu House, Bangalore (Archdaily, 2010) ......................... 34
Figure 3.4 (Archdaily, 2010) ......................................................................................... 34
Figure 3.5: Open Courtyard at the Centre (Archdaily, 2010) ........................................ 35
Figure 3.6: Courtyard bathroom (Archdaily, 2010) ....................................................... 35
Figure 3.10 (Archdaily, 2010) ....................................................................................... 37
Figure 3.11 ..................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 3.12: Ground Floor ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 3.13: Courtyard ................................................................................................... 40
Figure 3.14: The Kitchen ............................................................................................... 40
Figure 3.15: Front view of the house ............................................................................. 41
Figure 3.16: Renovated plan of the house ..................................................................... 43
Figure 3.17 : New courtyard .......................................................................................... 44
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 : Comparative Analysis Table........................................................................ 45
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page viii

VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN
CONTEXT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
The Vastu Shastra can be understood as an Ancient art of placement of any object with
respect to the cosmic energy grid which has a great effect on our lives. The structures
which are planned and constructed according to Vastu principles are more auspicious
and durable when compared to those constructed without consideration of Vastu
principles. This has been observed and proved by many sages and modern architects.
(Rajoriya, 2008)
Vastu states that when buildings and forms become a part of the basic structure of the
universe and vibrate in harmony with it, when they echo the underlying cosmic
principle. These positive vibrations have a direct impacts on the inhabitants. Vastu
holds the hidden key to realigning the home with the cosmic principles such as the
magnetic field of earth, solar energy, gravity, the movement of the celestial spheres,
and the influence of the moon and sun. It provides a holistic approach to the layout and
design of houses. Although the principles of Vastu are constrained by ancient universal
laws, they are unconditioned by time and remain as relevant today as they were 4500
years ago.
The Indian Vastu Vidya, being very ancient, is based mainly on the Vastu deities and
the principles of Vastu are said to be made according to their rules or to please these
specific Gods. This specification can lead people to believe that Vastu Shastra is
something that is assumed / made up which was the case for a very long time. But time
by time if has been further proved that Vastu Shastra in fact has a base other than just
the satisfaction of Gods. It has a rigid set of rules constructed based on Cosmic
Principles, Environmental Context, Magnetic Fields of Earth etc. (Neetima, 2010)
Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page 1

However in contemporary India this ancient practice is still being termed as ‘myth’ or
‘occult’ by the majority .Still it can be observed that this practise proves to be quite
popular with contemporary clients, who insist on their house to be designed and built as
per the rules of Vast Shastra.
This Dissertation is the study of Vastu Shastra in context with environment. This topic
has been chosen since, for modern homemakers, environmental context can be more
relatable and easy to understand. Knowing the basics behind the principles can help
segregate the same from the most important to the least important ones, and to decide
which principles to strictly consider and which can be avoided. Having more
knowledge about the same will encourage more people to consider Vastu during their
planning and construction. The purpose is to clear the fears in the mind of the people
about the misconception of Vastu Shastra, which are mostly the fear created by
consultants or other people by threats of destruction, disease, miserable life or even
death.
The rules of Vastu Shastra, being very ancient, are framed according to the climate,
environment and social situations of those times. The survey conducted as a part of
this study will help to figure out if the intended results are still attained during this time,
by planning the house, following the guidelines of Vastu. It also helps to assess the
satisfactory level of these people.

1.1 AIM
To study about the Vastu Shastra of Indian residential architecture (detached houses)
through a logical perspective and understand its importance and relevance in context
with the environment.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
1.2.1 To identify the fundamental concept of Vastu Shastra in Indian Residential

Architecture, namely of detached houses.
1.2.2 To understand the explanations of Vastu Shastra in context with the Indian
Climate and Environment.
1.2.3 To study about Vastu Shastra in the following areas:
 Elemental level application of Vastu.
 Planning principles of Residences.
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
1.3.1 SCOPE:
 The understanding of explanations of Vastu rules may encourage present day

homemakers to incorporate more of the same in planning and construction of
residences.
 The information acquired regarding knowledge, application and limitations in

construction and renovation according to Vastu Shastra may give an
innovative outlook to architects having interest in the specific area.
1.3.2 LIMITATIONS:
 Being a micro level study, it is confined to limited areas and aspects. The topic
being ‘Vastu Shastra in context with the environment’, the significance of
application of Vastu Shastra in building construction based on environmental
context can be observed and assessed. But all the aspects have not been included
like astrological aspects, mathematical calculations to be computed etc.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
DATA COLLECTION  Books related to Vastu Shastra

 Interview with a Vastu expert
 Online Articles
 Fundamental concept of Vastu

 Basic principles of Indian
Residential Vastu
 Explanations for the above, in
context with the Environment
CASE STUDIES  PRIMARY STUDY-

Live Case Study
1. Kumaranjiyedath
Tharavadu
2. Residence for Mr. Paul
 SECONDARY STUDY-
Literature Case Study
1. Vastu House, Khosla
Architects
SURVEY Assess the level of satisfaction of

the residents of the building.
INFERENCE
CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 VASTU SHASTRA
Vastu Shastra is an ancient art and science containing principles of constructing

building, which ensures a harmonious balance between the man , nature and
thereby bring all-round happiness, health, wealth and prosperity. Vastu can be used
in every room, every house, every temple, and every shop, industry, town planning,
cities and even earth. Vastu can be used for micro as well as macro level. It is not
confined to any particular group of people in the development of all human beings
irrespective of caste, creed or religion. (Rajoriya, 2008)
Significance of Vastu Shastra:
 Vastu states that when buildings and forms echo the underlying cosmic
principles, they become a part of the basic structure of the universe and vibrate
in harmony with it. These positive vibrations have a direct effect on the
inhabitants. Vastu contains the hidden key to realigning the home with the
cosmic principles such as solar energy, the movement of the celestial spheres,
the magnetic field of the earth, gravity and the influence of the moon and sun,
hence assuring to make the lives of inhabitants prosperous.
 The recommendations given in Vastu Shastra are eco friendly and aims to
create a balance between the living beings, their houses and the
environment. These techniques and principles are valid for every country
which has almost similar geographical features like India. Since its origin
began in India by Ancient Sages of India, it primarily focuses Indian
geographical features, solar, wind and water conditions of India. With its
implementation during the planning and construction of structures, one can
bring prosperity and peace in his and his family’s life and can live a healthy
wealthy life without harming the environment. (Rajoriya, 2008)

The Vastu Deities:
The Hindu mythology contains a large pantheon of Gods symbolising various

transcendent and invisible forces. Gods directly related to Vastu Vidya are derived
from Vedas which are among the oldest literary works of mankind, possibly dating
from 25000 BC.
Figure 2.1: The Vastu Deities

The all nine Vastu Deities, (left to right):
i) Top first row: Vayu (God of Wind), Kubera (God of Wealth), Soma (God of
immortal Ambrosia)
ii) Middle Row: Varuna (Lord of Waters), Vishwakarma (Architect of Gods),
Indra (King of Gods)
iii) Bottom row: Nirtti (Lord of Demons), Yama (God of Dharma and Death),
Agni (God of Fire)

2.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF VASTU SHASTRA
The fundamental rules of Vastu Shastra are based on two important aspects.
1. The five natural elements- Sky, Air, Fire, Water and Earth.
2. The eight cardinal directions North, South, East ,West, North East ,North West,
South East, South West.
2.2.1 THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF NATURE

The science of Vastu Shastra considers the world to be comprised of five basic
elements termed as ‘Panch Mahabhoota’, which are as follows.
Figure 2.2: The five elements and their symbols
 BHUMI - The Earth is positioned the third from the Sun. The Earth has
electromagnetism which makes it a large magnet in the space, the centres of
attraction being the North pole and the South pole. Every living and non living
organism on Earth is influenced by its magnetic field and gravitational pull.
 JALA - Water is in a liquid form which forms a portion of every flora and fauna
on Earth.
 VAYU - Air is considered as the supreme source of life which forms its
foundation. The comfort value of human beings is directly dependant on the
balanced humidity, temperature, pressure, flow and the composition of the air and
its contents.
 AGNI -Fire is symbolised by light and heat which forms an indispensable part of
day and night, climatic conditions, radioactivity and energy.
 AKASHA – The space or the sky is said to shelter all the elements of nature. It is
the primary conductor of all the sources of energy for example light, sound, social
energies namely emotional and psychological and cognitive energies.
The various human conditions can be improved by considering the effectiveness of

these five basic natural forces while designing the buildings. The role of Vastu Shastra
is to combine these elements of nature and balance them with man to make a pleasant
living and working conditions for him and thereby promoting spiritual well-being and
enhancing health and wealth leading to prosperity and happy living.
2.2.2 THE EIGHT CARDINAL DIRECTIONS

Vastu Shastra studies and analyses the four basic coordinal directions and the four
angular directions and takes into consideration these eight possible directions to
compute its principles.
Coordinal Directions: East, West,

North, South
Angular Directions: North-West,

North-East, South-West, South-East
Figure 2.3: Cardinal Directions according to Vastu

2.3 THE OCCULT ASPECT
The following can be observed as the three main factors that influence the
misconceptions about Vastu and its tagging as superstitious or as a myth.
2.3.1 PERSONAL MOTIVES OF THE CONSULTANTS

The beliefs and faith of common people are often wrongly used or abused since human
mind is always intrigued and intimidated by the occult and the supernatural. The
consultants, instead of educating the common people properly about Vastu, often
induce fear in their mind about being a victim to this practise or absence of practise for
their advantage. This makes the people blindly believe that Vastu is just a belief
without any grounds and ignore the existence of its scientific and environmental
significance.
The truth is that the original Vastu script is lost and all texts available these days are
only compilations. This has made Vastu a victim of unscrupulous interpretation.
2.3.2 MYTHOLOGICAL STORIES

Another aspect that gave rise to the superstitious aspect of the understanding of Vastu
is the terminology used by the ancient scholars while explaining the scientific laws of
Vastu. In ancient times the Vedas or the knowledge was limited to only a particular
caste of people and hence it was difficult for common people to understand the
scientific terminologies of principles of Vastu.
Therefore, when it came to common people, the wise ones used the terminology which
was easy for them to understand. For example, instead of saying that by constructing a
window in a particular direction, one can make the most of the early morning sun rays,
they would rather say that by placing the window in a particular direction the deity of
that direction will bless them with good health and prosperity, which made more sense
and was more convincing for the common people.
In addition to this, rather than an art of construction, Vastu in India is treated more like
a religious duty, which leads to the misunderstanding of its concepts. The problem
starts when Vastu Shastra is infused with religious rituals, which was done by the wise

men of yesteryears so that people will implement it and practise it in the fear of the
supernatural. But today this has led to the misjudgements and wrong accusations in the
name of religion and occultism.
2.3.3 CONTEMPORARY SITUATION OF VASTU IN INDIA

In contemporary India, Vastu is attaining more popularity and people tend to be more
affirmative to buy a property or building if it is suitable for them according to
Vastu.This forces the builders to employ Vastu consultants for namesake, without
checking the depth of their knowledge and use them as an added tag to sell their
buildings, and in turn mislead the customers into buying them.
2.4 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VASTU AND THEIR APPLICATION
2.4.1 INTRODUCTION
Vastu is a timeless and universal system, relevant to all people at all times and not
confined to the climate and conditions of India. It provides insight into the broader
picture of the underlying energies and forces at work in the universe. Vastu can be used
as a tool to sharpen our awareness and draw attention to any minor but irritating defects
in our environment that have remained unnoticed and unaltered. (Rajoriya, 2008)
The application of Vastu Shastra can be divided into three forms.
 Elemental Level
 Planning Level
 Extensive Level
ELEMENTAL PLANNING EXTENSIVE
 Placement of Objects  Planning Principles  Shape of Plot
 Furniture Layout  Orientation of Buildings  Orientation of Plot

 Windows and Doors  Building Materials

2.4.2 ELEMENTAL LEVEL
2.2.2.1 PLACEMENT OF OBJECTS

Vastu Shastra gives clear guidelines about the placement of certain objects to be placed
in certain specific placed, facing certain directions. This differs according to the type of
object, material from which it is made and room in which it is placed. (Manayil, 2018)
 Antique decorative items and other artefacts made of metal can be placed on the
Southern or Western wall.
 Wooden objects and furniture like wooden almirah, cabinet, wooden vase and
wooden items for decoration must be kept in South-east or North-west.
 Decorative pictures of Gods and idols must not be placed on walls as it is
considered inauspicious. Images of God in their proper form must be kept
on Western wall facing East, for the purpose of devotion.
 Water element and items such as water fountain, aquarium, or other decorative
items with water must be kept in North-east (North, if not possible in North-
east).It is also best to keep flowing water in the North-east as it is the water zone.
 Electronic items including telephone, mobile phones, video games, and other
gadgets, representing fire element must be kept in South-east since it is the Fire
zone.
 Glass artefacts must be placed in Northern or Eastern wall and cracked glass
decorative item must be disposed immediately.
 Fish Tanks or other water artefacts like fountains should never be placed in Study
rooms.
 Vastu rules states that plants like cactus or related flora, should not be placed
inside the house. The northeast corner of the house should be devoid of plants and
pots should not be placed along the north and east walls.
 Paintings depicting violence, war scenes, nudity, evil or evil happenings and
abstract paintings with clashing colours should be avoided. In order to keep the
northeast clean and light, Vastu recommends keeping that area free from paintings
or any other things that makes the area heavy and distracting. Statues of gods

should not be placed in bedrooms and heavy statues should not be placed in the
northeast corner of the room. (Manayil, 2018)
2.2.2.2 FURNITURE LAYOUT (Floor, 2014)
 Home Appliances: Equipments that are used for heating should be always kept in
the southeast of the room. Fridges should be placed in the northwest portion of the
room while the TV sets can go anywhere but the northeast part of the room.
 Dining Table: If placed in the kitchen, the dining table should be kept in the
northwest section and be placed in such a way that the owner or the eldest person
sitting will face the north or east and the guest face south or west while eating.
 Beds: The bedroom is a place for rest and rejuvenation, and hence the placement
of the bed according to Vastu is significant. It should be kept towards the
southwest part of the room but not in the southwest corner. When sleeping, one
should take care to place their head towards the south for better sleep and health.
 Mirrors: Mirrors shouldn’t be placed in study rooms or opposite to beds in the
bedroom. They should only be installed on the north and east walls.
 Study Table: A study table should be placed in the southwest of the room, with
the person facing north or east while studying so as to have increased
concentration.
 Almirahs: These should be placed in the southwest of the room and if they contain
valuables, then placing them in the southwest portion of the southwest room is
ideal. They should be placed in such a way so that they open towards the east or
north direction.
 Sofa sets: Furniture like sofa and chairs should be kept in the south and western
portion of the living room. The chair on which the owner or the eldest person of
the house sits should be placed facing the south or west direction.
 Shoe Racks: Shoe racks containing footwear should be placed in the southwest
portion of the main hall or veranda and never in the bedroom. Never should the
footwear be placed in the southeast, north or east portion of the house.

2.4.3 PLANNING LEVEL
2.2.3.1 BASIC PLANNING PRINCIPLES

The basic principles and regulations of Indian Residential Vastu Shastra consist mainly
of the placement of different rooms. The ideal placement of each types of room is
specified in it based on a number of factors like the magnetic fields of Earth,
orientation of building, surrounding environment etc. A residence planned and built
following these regulations will automatically become environment and context
responsive.
Figure 2.4: The ideal placement of rooms

and other places in the home according to
Vastu (Ravi & Minu Architects, 2012)
2.2.3.2 ORIENTATION OF BUILDING

If home is well-oriented according to the Vastu Shastra then ample amount of breeze
and sunlight can be utilized.
These natural resources can be efficiently utilized to run the solar equipments like solar
cooker, solar geezer, solar panels for running fans, lighting bulbs and lamps and also
for charging solar batteries etc. Regular use of such eco-friendly energy will help
saving a lot of electricity and ultimately will help in carbon reduction in atmosphere.
Not just energy is conserved but also the dwellers can enjoy their minimum electricity
bills.

We can design the structures in such a way that they receive sufficient sunlight and
natural breeze and not required to run the fan or switch on the light, at least, during the
daytime. It could lead to energy conservation and corresponding environmental
benefits. Moreover, through natural ventilation and circulation of air the inhabitants can
feel mentally relaxed and with some indoor and outdoor plants and multi-level
gardening, each floor of building can be benefited with fresh air which will help
increase the mental and physical strength of workers or inhabitants. The aesthetic
beauty of the structure will also be enhanced.
2.2.3.3 WINDOWS AND DOORS
In Vastu Shastra, the doors and window positions are very important as they let in air
and light energy inside the house. If their position and orientation is correct then it will
allow positive flow of air, light and energy from the outside to the inside and from
room to room. This circulation of fresh air inside the house helps in maintaining the
health and peace of the house. If the doors and windows are such that through natural
flow the fresh air is not taken in and the stale air not given out then the room will be
filled with stale and warm air and there will be suffocation and the peace of house will
not be maintained. The door and windows are such elements which cannot be rectified
once placed so their planning in advance is necessary to ensure healthy atmosphere in
the home and also the proper inlet of light energy throughout the day. Vastu Shastra
give the following guidelines for doors: (Rajoriya, 2008)
Doors according to Vastu Shastra:
 Our ancient Sages of Vastu Shastra have recommended the even number of
doors in the house.
 The doors in all four directions can be given in Temples, Yagyamandap,
Seminar hall, jain Temple, etc.
 If one wants to keep only one main door then this door should be best placed in
East.

 Two door should never be placed opposite to each other in North-South

direction and in East-West direction.
 According to Vastu Shastra, the width of door should be greater than or equal
to the height of door. So according to this rule, the door’s perfect shape is
square.
 Except in the case of Temples, the doors should never be placed in the mid of
the wall and no door should be placed above the door or even opposite to door
already placed.
 On the basis of Vastu Chakra, we can place the door on any one of the
recommended sides of the house facing the road. This is applicable to those
homes which have more than one road around their plot.
 In structures made for commercial use, business, or public or govt. Use the
doors should be placed only according to Vastu chakra.
 If in front of the door of the home Main roads, Temple, tree, well, any home’s
corner or any column is placed then it brings misfortune to the inmates. But if
their distance from the door is more than twice the height of the home then it is
fine.
 The main door should always be placed on plain surface and neither at cutting
or filling.
The above mentioned principles are based on some scientific reasons. Like the doors
should not be placed in opposite direction i.e. N-S and E-W. This is so as to let air
circulate in every room of the house and not just flows in one direction making it
difficult to work in that place due to wind. If main road is passing by in the front of the
door then this will invite noise pollution in the house and the inhabitants will not be
able to rest in peace.
Windows according to Vastu Shastra:
 The placement of windows can be decided on the basis of lucky and unlucky
energy positions. At houses where Ish, Agni, Surya, Som and Bhrama resides,
those houses absorbs the positive and lucky energy. In these houses if sun rays

falls, then it makes the life of inhabitants energetic and active. While, the houses
where Yam, Pitra, Dwarpal, Asur, Pap and Rog resides, such houses a reflects
negative and unlucky energy when comes in contact with sunlight. If these
houses comes in contact with sunlight then the negative energy will be
increased and the inhabitants will not be able to rest in peace.
Figure 2.5: Vastu Purush (Ravi & Minu Architects, 2012)
 The placement and planning of windows can be done using Vastu Chakra. In the
Houses of Ish, Agni, Surya, Som and Bhrama, the windows should be placed in
order to invite positivity in the house. While in the Houses of Yam, Pitra,
Dwarpal, Asur, Pap and Rog, the windows should be avoided and the best way is
not to utilize these places for construction of rooms. Understanding the
principles of Vastu Chakra, the planning of doors, windows, ventilators, veranda
can be decided.
 Mostly windows should be planned in North and East direction of the house.
Windows should be best avoided in West and South direction of the house,

except these two directions, the windows can be placed anywhere but preferably
in East and North.
 The lintel and plinth level of all the rooms should be same throughout the house,
tough the main door’s height can be more than other doors. This brings
uniformity in house and also ensures safety of structure by equal stress
distribution.
2.4.4 EXTENSIVE LEVEL
2.2.4.1 SHAPE OF PLOT
The shape of building plays a key role in site selection, and it should be such that it
brings stability in life. The stable structures are not only safer but also efficient in
stress distribution when analysed from a structural point of view. A structure is
considered stable as long as it has its centre of gravity in the middle or centre of the
area. This can be achieved only when a shape is symmetrical. This is the reason why
square or rectangle shape is considered to be the best shapes for construction of
dwellings. Square is considered the most ideal shape for construction since it is the
most stable and symmetrical shape. This is concluded so based on the principle of
energy of sun. According to Vastu all four directions East, West, North, South and the
intersection of these: Ishan (N-E), Aagnaya (S-E), Nairitya (S-W) and Vayavya (N-W)
have special effects and influence on the structure and people living inside them.
(Rajoriya, 2008)
In a square plot, it can be observed that all these energies are balanced and hence the
house planning in such a plot can be done easily. On the other hand, in any other shape
the energies are not properly balanced and the planning of buildings with proper energy
distribution might be difficult in that plot. In terms of Vastu Shastra, shapes can be both
regular or irregular. Regular shapes are those which have their corners at 90 degree.
While, irregular shape buildings or rooms are those where the corner deviate from a 90
degree angle to form either a rhombus or an oblong. An irregular shaped property with
an extended corner may have two right angles, one obtuse and one acute angle. The
point of extension always being the acute angle. (Musath, 16 c)

However, there are few exceptions in which these irregular shapes are considered
plausible: if N-E corner has an angle less than 90 degree, it is extended, attracting
positive energy. One or both sides of the N-E corner may be extended, this being the
only corner that can be extended fully. (Musath, 16 c) (Jolly)
Similarly, if the South-West corner is extended, producing an angle of less than 90

degree, it is said to have a positive effect on the inhabitants. Likewise an extension at
the south-east corner makes the south-west angle obtuse. This, according to Vastu, is
said to encourage harmony and health, especially among the females of the family.
2.2.4.2 ORIENTATION OF PLOT
Vastu has given guidelines about this, which are as follows: (Musath, 16 c)
 A south facing site: A site with a road to the south can cause problems and
might need special attention from a Vastu practitioner, especially if the house is
at a higher level than the road.
 An east facing site: The road lies to the east side of the property. This is a
positive location since this way there will be no buildings on the east side of the
plot, hence letting in the morning sunrays unobstructed
 A west facing site: If the road is to the west, it blocks both north and east sides.
The site is considered neutral.
 A north facing site: Since the road runs along the north side, it allows
unobstructed and free flow of cosmic energy from north to south.
 A south-eastern site: The roads being on the south and north sides, these plots
are considered fairly positive.
 A north-eastern facing site: It is considered the best possible site, if the two
roads are on the same level or lower than the property. If the building is lower
than the road, this will indicate possible financial problems.
 A south-western facing site: According to Vastu the south-west should be
blocked, but in this case the south and west are open and makes the plot
exposed vulnerable to negative influences. This is a bad residential site.

 A north-western facing site: a north western site is one with a road in the west
and another in the north and is considered neutral.
2.2.4.3 BUILDING MATERIALS
The rules of Vastu strictly recommends the use of few specified building materials.
Ancient Vastu practitioners believed that every material emitted either positive or
negative energy, since they had a living energy in them. Certain rocks such as marble
and sandstones, are considered to impart positive influence on the inhabitants, while
other stones such as quartz and granite constrict the flow of blood in the vessels and
may cause health problems. The ideal apartment block should be made from brick or
stone, not glass or reinforced concrete. (Rajoriya, 2008)
Vastu advocated the use of mature stone, which vibrates with a deep sound when
struck. It feels cool and glows, while younger stone is rough and streaked. Brick ideally
should be red, free from cracks, well proportioned and resonate harmoniously. Modern
architects and engineers encourage use of building materials like steel, glass or other
synthetic materials. However, they may be strengthening the building at the expense of
health. Modern Vastu practitioners believe that concrete is dead material that emits a
negative energy. If exposed to this energy over a period of time, people become
susceptible to disease and illness. Similarly, using steel girders in a building that is not
properly earthed is like living in a huge magnet. This too causes stress on those inside.
Classification of Building Materials: (Musath, 16 c)
On the basis of certain criteria, the materials can be systematically classified as follows:
1. Varna( color) : set of physical properties and related aspects.

2. Linga(gender) : set of mechanical and metallurgical properties and related
aspects.
3. Aayu(age ) : set of environmental aspects.
4. Avastha(state of material): set of application aspects.

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEVANCE AND LOGICAL APPROACH TO

VASTU
2.5.1 SOLAR RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS

Any structure that is built is exposed to the effects of the sun’s radiations. In tropical
countries the South, South-West and South-East sides suffer harsh heat while the
North, North-West and North-East sides remain in the shadow area. This results in the
formation of thermocouple in the space around the house.
It can be summarised that disturbances are created due to the high imbalance in the
natural order of the geometric flux lines, forming nodes at the intersection of the flux
lines. These nodes form dislocations that trap the sub atomic particles travelling along
the flux lines. These particles start resonating under specific conditions and emit
hazardous micro level radiations. These emissions have a tendency to work against the
existence of life forms. Vastu-purush-mandal represents this phenomenon as ‘Yama'
(Lord of Death).
The thermal imbalance is the main cause in creating obstacles in smooth energy flow
through and around the building. Vastu Shastra try to equalise the thermal difference
and provide harmonious and blissful conditions for the dweller. It seeks to derive a
solution to offset the disturbance in the south direction by the following measures.
1. Thick heavy wall on the south side.

2. Avoiding openings in the south side.
3. Avoiding any slopes towards the south.
4. Orienting the house in such a manner that more open spaces are available in the
North and East directions.
5. Planting more trees in the South for availing of humid atmosphere.
6. Rising of plinth and compound height in the south direction.
7. Providing more verandas towards the southern side.
If adhered to these rules one can try to create equalise the thermal differentials and
create harmonious and balanced living conditions within the structure.

2.5.2 DIRECTIONS AND DEITIES
The four main directions North, South, East and West represent streams of positive and
negative energies .These directions act as either the source or the sink for energies.
Whereas the sub directions North East, South East, North West and South West
represent zones of confluence of two different (positive and negative) energy streams
which are at right angles to each other. Any disturbance in the flow of these energies
triggers turbulence in the flow of the energy.
Vastu combines the positive north and east directions with the negative south and West
to determine the effects of the sub directions. Depending on the results of the effects of
energies, each directions are associated with the positioning of deities.
 North-East - Positive and Positive - Residence of God

 North-west - Positive and Negative - Desirable direction
 South-East - Negative and Positive - Not desirable direction
 South-West - Negative and Negative - Residence of Demon
2.5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT
The rules of Vastu Shastra can be easily misunderstood without a rational explanation.
 Rule 1 : Each direction has a presiding deity .The North is ruled by the wealth
God and the East is ruled by the Sun God, Aditya. Hence the placement of water
tanks and the window openings of the house should be in the North East direction
to welcome the lord, who will be pleased and bless you with the healthy and
prosperous life.
Reason: The sun rises in the East and sun rays in the morning are a rich source
of vitamin D which are a vital component in formation of healthy bone. Water
can be disinfected by UV rays which destroy the harmful microorganisms. So
when one has openings in their house towards the East direction, it allows the
early morning sun rays which can be beneficial for a healthy life to enter the

house. A healthy and fit person can think and work more efficiently leading to a
higher earning and a prosperous life.
Now if the openings are created in the opposite direction, then it could be
detrimental to the health, as the afternoon rays are the infra red rays, which are
strong and harmful.
 Rule 2 : The beds should be placed in such a way that the head of the person
should be towards the south direction. This is to make sure that the person is not
facing south while sleeping, which is said to be the direction in which the deity of
death resides. Facing this direction while sleeping invites Death.
Reason: The explanation can be found in the earth magnetism. The earth’s
magnetic field runs from South Pole to north pole. So if you sleeping with your
head towards the north aligns your body with the same direction of the magnetic
flow. Studies show that human head and north are both positive poles and hence
will repel each other. Therefore it is favourable to sleep with the head in the
south for a sound sleep.
Almost all of the rules and principles of Vastu can be found to be revolving around the
above two factors and simple logic. Following are some of the Vastu guidelines for a
home, categorized on the basis of the type of rooms in a residence. Every guideline is
based on logic and reasoning. Here, it is attempted to explain each of these guidelines
rationally and scientifically under the following headings, so that decisions related to
which rules to follow and which not can be made rationally, instead of looking at Vastu
as a superstition: (Jolly)
 MAIN GATE
1. Gates should open clockwise
Reason: It is easier to push open a gate in the clockwise direction for a right
handed person and since the majority of the population are right handed, this
principle is to work in favour of them.
2. Main Gate and the entrance door should face the same direction.

Reason: It is easier for the visitors who enter through the gate to locate the
door if it is aligned with and in the same direction as the main gate.
3. Gate should not be placed in the extreme corner: It is inconvenient to open a
gate that is fixed to the corners of a wall.
 MAIN ENTRANCE DOOR
The door should never be placed in the middle but only on either sides, to the left or
the right half which differs depending on the direction the door faces, as stipulated
here:
1. North facing door should be placed towards the left

side ie the north-east side, when facing the house.
Reason: It is preferable to have more openings in the
north eastern side to let in more morning sun.
2. West facing doors should be placed towards the left side

ie the north western side, when facing the house.
Reason: The south side must be kept closed to prevent
hot air from entering the house.
3. South facing doors should be placed towards the right

side ie the south east side, when facing the house.
Reason: The south side will always have hot air, and
hence should be kept closed to prevent it from entering
the house.
4. East facing doors should be placed towards the right

side ie the north eastern side, when facing the house.
Reason: To let in maximum morning sunlight from the
north east direction.

5. According to Vastu, it is preferable to have two doors for a house, an

Entrance door and an exit door.
Reason: The fresh air entering through the entrance door will be forced to
pass through the interiors of the house as it finds it way out through the exit
door, enabling the house to breathe.
6. The main door should be always kept higher than the ground level, the
number of steps leading to which should always be an odd number.
Reason: Since most people are right handed, they tend to keep their right foot
first on the steps. Having odd number of steps will hence allow the person to
step into the house with their right foot, which is considered auspicious for a
good start.
7. The placement of wall directly in front of the entrance door should be

avoided.
Reason: The passage of air entering through the door will be hindered if there
is a wall present directly in front of it, preventing air circulation throughout
the house.
 DOORS AND WINDOWS

1. There should be even numbers of windows in the house, ie 2,4,6 etc.
Reason: This is to do with the structure and symmetry of the house. The
houses in ancient times were constructed using wooden roofs with rafters and
hence the placement of windows was based on roof grids which would result
in even numbers of openings.
2. Internal doors and windows should be placed opposite to each other.
Reason: This is to facilitate proper circulation of air throughout the house.
3. Doors should not be kept in the exact centre or to the extreme corner of the
wall.
Reason: It is structurally not sound to place the doors in the centre and

placement of doors to the corners can lead to formation of cracks, due to ack
of support.
4. The windows on the north walls should be placed more towards the north east
rather than north west.
Reason: This is to facilitate more sunlight to enter the house, through the
windows.
5. Avoid too many windows in the south and west directions.
Reason: The hot and harmful UV rays are concentrated towards the south and
west directions in India. Hence it is preferable to keep the openings in this
side minimal.
 LIVING ROOM
1. The ideal placement of living room is towards the North, North-east or North-
west. Placement of living room towards the southern side should be strictly
avoided unless it’s the only option.
Reason: Living room is where the family gathers to spend time together and
hence should be thermally comfortable. The south side of a house is normally
filled with harmful and hot UV rays, which would induce uncomfortable
conditions.
2. The furniture like sofa sets should be placed towards the south and west
walls.
Reason: The north and east sides should be left for providing large windows
and openings to let in maximum healthy sunlight. Placement of furniture here
would hinder this.
3. Air conditioning should be placed towards the west wall.
Reason: The wall on the western side tend to heat up pretty quickly, hence it
is logical to provide cooling on this side.
4. The ideal colors for a living room are white , yellow or light blue, and never
red or black.
Reason: Bright colors like white are more welcoming and makes the room
look bigger as it can reflect light.
 DINING ROOM
1. The Dining room can be located in the West, North or East. It can be an
independent room or in continuation with the kitchen.
Reason: A dining room can be placed anywhere as long as it’s properly lit and
ventilated, except the south to avoid excessive heating of the space.
2. The door of the dining room and the main door should not be aligned.
Reason: People might feel uncomfortable to be seen eating when an outsider
walks in.
3. The wash basin can be placed towards the north or east of the room.
Reason: In ancient times water was kept in these directions so as to get it
purified by the UV rays of sun. Therefore the placement of water in any room
is advised to be towards these directions.
4. The colors preferred for dining room is light blue, yellow, light orange,
saffron etc.
Reason: These are the colors that are known to stimulate appetite. In addition
to this, light colors also make the room look bigger and brighter.
 KITCHEN
1. The ideal placement of the kitchen is towards the south east or north west.
Reason: In ancient times kitchens had open stoves with combustible materials
which are prone to catch fire. The placement of the kitchen is such that the
summer wind blowing from south west to north east would not be dangerous
enough to start a fire.
2. The larger windows of the kitchen should be placed along the East wall.
Reason: The morning sun is beneficial for health and hence should be allowed
to enter the kitchen.
3. The cooking stove should be placed on the counter, preferably towards the
East wall of the kitchen.
Reason: The UV rays in the morning sunrise is beneficial for good health as it
can kill off germs and hence allowing it to fall directly on the food while
cooking can purify it to an extent.
4. The exhaust fan or chimney should be placed on the east wall.

Reason: If the cooking stove is placed ideally according to Vastu, on the
eastern side, it is obvious as to why the exhaust or chimney should be placed
on the wall right above this.
5. The larder/ food storage should be placed towards the south west direction.
Reason: In ancient times, the granaries were placed in this direction since the
hottest sunlight is concentrated towards this area which is ideal to keep the
grains dry and fee from moisture.
 BEDROOM
1. The length to breadth ration of the bedroom should be less than 2 ie minimum
8 breadth for a 16 length.
Reason: The proportion of the room is very important for furniture layout and
also its ambience. A long and narrow room would not facilitate proper
furniture layout and the feel of a narrow room is uncomfortable, especially for
a bedroom.
2. The master bedroom should always be larger than other bedrooms.
Reason: The parents being the most important people in the house should be
allowed a big and comfortable room without compromise.
3. The main bedroom should be placed towards the south side.
The master bedroom should have enough privacy and should be placed far
from the front of the house which is towards the south.
4. The children’s bedroom should be located towards the east or west sides of a
house.
Reason: Since children use their rooms a lot in the evening after their school
time, it should be made sure that the room is well lit in the evenings naturally.
This can be facilitated if the room is placed in the west. Similarly, if the room
is placed on the east, the room would be naturally lit in early morning,
helping children with their morning studies.

 POOJA ROOM
1. The ideal placement of a pooja room is the north eastern side.
Reason: The north east corner is well lit with morning sunrays, providing a
suitable ambience for morning meditation, yoga and prayers.
2. The ideal roof shape of a pooja room is pyramid.
Reason: It is scientifically proven that the energy under a pyramid is
extremely positive and can act in favour with meditation.
3. The pooja room should have a lower ceiling.
Reason: The pooja rooms these days are generally very small and keeping the
ceiling low will provide more proportion to the room.
4. The pooja room should have a door with two shutters.
Reason: Since the room is very small, having a single shutter door will
require more turning radius leading to a waste of space just for turning the
door.
 STUDY ROOM
1. The study room should be ideally placed in the west side.
Reason: The west side is perfectly lit in the evening, making it suitable for the
children to spend their time reading or studying after school time.
2. The ideal roof shape of a study room is pyramidal.
Reason: Pyramid roofs are scientifically proven to provide more positive
energy underneath them, hence helping in increasing the concentration of
children.
3. It is preferred to have the study room painted in light colors.
Reason: The study room should be well lit and light colors will make the
room brighter by reflecting and re-reflecting the light that falls on it.

 TOILET
1. The best placement of toilets is in the north west or west sides of the house.
Reason: This side of the house has the maximum heat projected, making it
hotter especially in the evenings. The placement of toilets here will provide
buffering and the heat will aid in the fast drying of the toilets.
2. The placement of toilets in the corners should be avoided.
Reason: The corners are best suitable for other rooms like bedrooms or living
room since they have two external walls thus providing cross ventilation.
Placing the toilets here is a loss of the potential of the corners.
3. The bathroom floor should be provided raised than the ground floor.
Reason: This will make it easier to drain the water from the toilet.
 VERANDAH
1. It is ideal to provide verandas in the east and north sides of the house.
Reason: Verandas are meant to be seating spaces for people to sit and relax
and hence should be placed in a comfortable position. The east and north has
plenty of morning sun which is beneficial for human health.
2. The placement of verandas on the south and west should be avoided.
Reason: These areas are extensively heated and hence are not suitable to sit
and relax as they can hinder thermal comfort. If at all verandas are provided
here it should be just to buffer the windows in these areas and not for seating
purpose.
3. Avoid using tin or asbestos roofs for verandas.
Reason: These materials can trap in heat and makes the space underneath
excessively hot, making it uncomfortable for people.

2.6 CONCLUSION
The principles of Vastu Shastra are not senseless or mythological, but have a strong
scientific and environmental base. The division of different forms of application of
Vastu Shastra in architecture can provide a better understanding of its principles and
how and where they should be used.
These divisions can be used as parameters to measure the quality of a structure in

accordance with Vastu Shastra. After the basic study, it shows that these parameters
play an important role in the well being of the people in the built structure. Therefore,
to analyse a building on the basis of Vastu Shastra, these parameters can be used.

CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The Case studies of three Indian residences are conducted, among which two are
traditional residences and one is a contemporary residence. These are residences that
are either constructed or renovated based on the principles of Vastu Shastra, and belong
to different time periods.
The analysis is done based on the parameters identified from the Data Collection.
Following are the Case studies:
3.1.1 Vastu House, Bangalore

 Constructed purely based on Vastu Shastra
 9 years old
 Contemporary design
3.1.2 Kumaranjiyedathu Tharavadu
 Traditional residence following Vastu Shastra
 150 years old
3.1.3 Residence of Mr. Paul Mundadan
 Renovated in accordance to principles of Vast Shastra
 Traditional planning
 49 years old
Why the Case Studies?
 The above case studies are selected since the study of these allows for a
comparative analysis of the same.
 The differences or similarities in the application of Vastu can be identified.
 The changes that have happened in the application of the rules in accordance to
the changes in context, environment and time, if any, can be identified.
 These case studies help to find out if the desired results are actually attained, by
analysing the satisfactory levels of the residents.
3.2 LITERATURE CASE STUDY
3.2.1 VASTU HOUSE, BANGALORE
Figure 3.1: Vastu House (Archdaily, 2010)
Architects : Khosla Associates

Location : Bangalore, india
Built up Area : 1,211 sqm
Area : 2148.0 m2
Project Year : 2010
The Vastu House is situated in Bangalore, India, designed by the Khosla Architects.
In keeping with the clients desire for a strictly Vastu compliant house, the placement of
spaces in the house are in sync with the plan of the Vastu Purusha Mandala (the ancient
Indian science of orientation and placement). (Archdaily, 2010)
The main areas of the house are placed according to the elements –

 Master bedroom in the Earth zone, South- West

 Kitchen in the Fire zone, South- East
 Pool and entrance in the Water zone, North and Air zones, North-East
 Positions of doors, the direction of the stairs, location of beds, wardrobes and
desks and the positions of the wc's in the bathrooms are also done in accordance
with the Vastu principles.
 The Furniture layout in main rooms like bedrooms, living room and pooja
rooms also follow the guidelines given by Vastu Shastra.
Figure 3.2: The Planning of the house aligns perfectly with the Vastu Mandal
(Archdaily, 2010)

 The house has two entrances. The private one faces a serene residential lane and
the other looks on to a noisy main road. The house is located near the quiet lane,
and the home – office is located near the main road. The home office acts as a
sound barrier and while one is in the house nestled within an almost unbroken
canopy of old trees one cannot perceive the cacophony of the main road
Figure 3.3:Ground Floor, Vastu House, Bangalore (Archdaily, 2010)
 The veranda surrounding the internal courtyard has a sloping vernacular

Mangalore tiled roof. The column supports for this roof are innovative. Load is
transferred via large diagonal
steel struts onto the hand
chiselled stone columns.

Figure 3.4 (Archdaily, 2010)

 An outdoor dining table takes advantage of the temperate climate of Bangalore

where living and dining in semi –outdoor spaces can be more pleasurable than
sitting indoors.
Figure 3.5: Open Courtyard at the Centre (Archdaily, 2010)
 The large open courtyard provided at the centre of the house acts as a transition
space and provides natural light and ventilation.
 A flight of wooden stairs leads you from the courtyard to the Master Suite on
the first floor. The Master Suite has a large sit out, an attached gym, walk in
closets and a courtyard bathroom filled with natural light.
Figure 3.6: Courtyard bathroom (Archdaily, 2010)

 The Vastu house is climate sensitive and takes advantage of Bangalore’s

temperate climate all year round. Large overhangs combat the fierce monsoons;
the south-western facades of the house are shielded from the fierce summer sun,
with the north side completely transparent to the property’s lush tropical
foliage. In every space there is free movement of air and light.
 Instead of having conventionally demarcated spaces, the house spontaneously

responds to its surroundings by choosing to dwell upon lovely views from
strategically placed rooms.

 The dining area is separated from the court by a channel of water flowing from
south to north.
 The garden with a lap pool on one side has an outdoor dining area with a 15ft
rough-cut log as the table. Here one can dine under the giant banyan tree with
layers of tropical planting surrounding you.

3.3 LIVE CASE STUDY
3.3.1 KUMARANJIYEDATHU THARAVADU
Figure 3.11
Kumaranjiyedath Tharavadu is a 150 years old structure and is a prominent
personification of Traditional Architecture. It is located in the village of
Kuzhalmannam, 19 km south of Palakkad town.
The structure is an ettukettu, one of the few which have withstood the passage of time,
and is an exemplary of the traditional knowledge system of Vastu Shastra in Kerala.
The application of the principles of Vastu Shastra is quite prominent and visible in the
planning of the structure.
 The main entrance to the structure is from the North direction.

 The Pooja room is provided on the ground floor, with a lower ceiling.
 The door of the Pooja room has two shutters.
 The Pooja room is located on the north side, aligning with the head of the Vastu
purush.
 The main bedroom is located in the Earth zone, South- West.

 The North East corner, being the water zone is provided with an indoor pool of
water, adjacent to the inner courtyard.
 The openings are placed opposite to each other, enabling proper flow of air.
 The north part of the house has a good stretch of Veranda, and none in the south
and west parts.
Figure 3.12: Ground Floor

 The two courtyards present in the structure facilitate abundant natural light and
air to enter into the interiors and proper flow, acting as a microclimate modifier.
Figure 3.13: Courtyard
 Prominent use of timber, which according to Vastu, will bring harmony with the
nature.
 The Karnakonam, being an imaginary line that passes diagonally across the
front entrance, to the opening in the room, is unobstructed by any structural
element.
 The toilets are provided at the edge of the bedrooms on a raised platform.
 The dining room is placed along the west side of the structure, between the
ettukettu, allowing plenty of natural ventilation and lighting.
Figure 3.14: The Kitchen
 The kitchen is placed on the South East corner of the structure.
It is evident that the level of application of Vastu Shastra is more prominent in old
traditional structures. Vastu is not only considered in the planning of the structure

alone. But also in extensive level like selection of materials, and elemental levels like
placement of objects .
3.3.2 RESIDENCE FOR MR. PAUL MUNDADAN
Figure 3.15: Front view of the house
Architect : Kenny P Joy (renovation)

Location : Angamaly, Kerala
Area : 2492.0 ft2
Renovated Year : 2017
The original residence is a 49 years old nalukettu structure. The planning of the
structure is done following the rules of conventional Kerala traditional architecture.
However, it was not constructed by following the rules of Vastu Shastra.
The structure was renovated in 2017 by its new owners. The renovation was made such
that the placement of spaces in the house is in sync with the plan of Vastu Purusha

Mandala, by transforming it into an ettukettu.The following were the problems /

planning mistakes of the former structure, which was a nalukettu:
 The north east corner, which is suitable for Pooja / Meditation rooms, or living
room was occupied with a toilet. With the main entrance at the north east side
of the structure, having a toilet near this area is extremely unpleasant.
 Although the main entrance was situated in the north east side, which is
considered okay, it was very small and hence not welcoming. It also hindered
the morning sunrays from conveniently entering the house.
 The north east side did not have enough openings to facilitate natural light or
ventilation.
 The courtyard provided at the centre was too small compared to the whole
house. The 3X3m courtyard was not enough for proper light and ventilation.
 Due to the lack of enough openings in the east side, the family living and the
dining room was dark and not pleasant.
 The kitchen was small and did not have enough openings.
 The south west side was overcrowded with five bedrooms. Lack of proper
lighting and ventilation led to suffocation and the residents often found it
difficult to have a proper sleep in some of these rooms.
 The south area had very little to no buffering.
 Placement of unnecessary narrow rooms which had no apparent function.
 The structure had a toilet passing through the centreline along the north south
direction, with no ventilation. This was situated almost to the centre of the
house, which is not suitable for the placement of toilets.
Evidently, the main problem of the former structure was improper planning and lack of
sufficient ventilation. The north east side, which has the maximum natural light, was
almost completely closed and compact, leaving the interior of the house dark and
congested. This in turn will create negative energy and will adversely affect the
residents of the house, physically and psychologically.

Figure 3.16: Renovated plan of the house

Solutions provided through the renovation:
 The structure is given a proper main door which opens into the family living
area, on the east side. This alters the orientation of the building and makes it
east facing, which according to Vastu Shastra, is the best.

 A number of new windows and a veranda are provided at the east side, in
accordance with Vastu. This makes the family living and dining area well lit
and ventilated.
 The toilet on the north eastern corner is removed.
 The furniture is rearranged as per the Vastu Shastra rules.
 A second kitchen and a work area are provided on the south eastern side.
 The bedroom adjacent to the first kitchen is removed, allowing for proper
ventilation of the first kitchen.
 For the south west corner, where it was congested with five bedrooms, two
adjacent bedrooms towards the inside are converted into a large open courtyard.
 The new courtyard makes the whole house brighter and facilitates proper
circulation of air.
Figure 3.17 : New courtyard
 This being on the southern side, is provided with proper buffering to tackle with
the harsh sun and heat. Internal verandas are provided along the new courtyard.
 The space between the two courtyards is transformed into a family sitting area.
 The toilet along the centreline is removed.

According to the residents, the overall living quality of the house has improved after
the renovation. The later structure proves to be more context responsive and hence can
create better atmosphere and positive energy inside the house.
3.4 ANALYSIS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
CRITERIA KUMARANJIYEDATH VASTU HOUSE PAUL

THARAVADU RESIDENCE
LEVEL OF  Elemental  Elemental  Planning

APPLICATION
 Planning  Planning
 Extensive
PLACEMENT
OF OBJECTS
FURNITURE
LAYOUT
PLANNING
PRINCIPLES
ORIENTATION
OF BUILDING
DOORS AND
WINDOWS
SHAPE OF
PLOT
ORIENTATION
OF PLOT
BUILDING
MATERIALS
Table 3.1 : Comparative Analysis Table

 In all the residents, Vastu Shastra is applied in the planning level. The
placement of almost all the rooms in all the structures is done according to the
guidelines of Vastu. Therefore it can be concluded that the planning principles
of Vastu in elemental form has sustained throughout the time.
 The building materials in the oldest structure (Kumaranjiyedath) were chosen

according to the preferences of Vastu. Timber and stone are prominently used in
this structure. In the 23 year old structure (Paul Mundadan Residence), timber is
used for rafters and pillars. The third house (Vastu House) shows very little use
of timber for namesake. The usage is confined to just furnitures. This shows that
the importance of selection of materials according to Vastu has declined over
time. This can be attributed to the following:
a) Availability of new and economic building materials during these days.
b) Lack of craftsmanship for timber, stone or other traditional building
materials.
c) Increase in the rate of traditional building materials.
d) Modern building materials are much easier to transport and handle than
the later.
 Application of Vast Shastra in elaborated form has declined throughout the

years. Even though people still give importance to factors such as furniture
layout, a lot of other elaborated rules of Vastu are not given much importance.
For example, in the Kumaranjiyedath Tharavadu, water, fire, plants etc were
placed at the Water zone, the Fire zone and the Earth zone respectively. These
types of practises have reduced in the other two structures
 The changes in social and environmental context have in fact influenced the
application of Vastu. Changes in the climate over the years have changed some
of the conventional Vastu practises. Similarly, changes in the social structure
has also affected certain planning principles.

For example, in the 150 years old Tharavadu, the south side was designated for
the women’s bedroom with an exit to the outside, where they spent their time
during the menstrual period. This room is placed such that it is away from the
Pooja room and the kitchen. But as time went by, this principle is no longer
followed.

CHAPTER 4 SURVEY
Type of Respondents: Common People
Age : Between 30 and 50
1. Are you aware of the tradition of Vastu Shastra?
YES
100 NO
2. Did you consider the rules of Vastu Shastra while building your house?
28.4
YES
71.6
NO
3. Construction, Consideration and Satisfaction of each room.

3.1 CONSIDERATION OF VASTU
 Living Room
9.4
YES
NO
90.6

 Dining Room
37.3
YES
62.7
NO
 Master Bedroom
YES
100 NO
 Kid’s Bedroom
13.96
YES
86.04 NO
 Kitchen
34.9
YES
65.1
NO

 Bathrooms
29.6
YES
70.4
NO
 Main Entrance
18.7
YES
81.3 NO
3.2 SATISFACTORY LEVEL ( AFTER CONSIDERING VASTU)

 Living Room
SATISFIED
100 NOT SATISFIED
 Dining Room
13.9
SATISFIED
86.1 NOT SATISFIED

 Master Bedroom
SATISFIED
NOT SATISFIED
100
 Kid’s Bedroom
9.7
SATISFIED
90.3 NOT SATISFIED
 Kitchen
13.9
SATISFIED
86.1 NOT SATISFIED
 Bathrooms
SATISFIED
100 NOT SATISFIED

 Main Entrance
SATISFIED
100 NOT SATISFIED
4. Overall satisfaction of the house.
7.90.69
HIGHLY SATISFIED
SATISFIED
91.41
NOT SATISFIED
5. Level of application of Vastu
18.8
ELEMENTAL FORM
PLANNING LEVEL
100
EXTENSIVE LEVEL
6. Will you consider Vastu again for building a residence?

0
YES
100 NO

7. Are you aware of the importance of Vastu Shastra in environmental context?
46.5
53.5 YES
NO
8. Why did you choose to consider Vastu?
PERSONAL
27.91 PREFERENCE
SUGGESTED BY
72.09 ARCHITECT
0
SUGGESTED BY A
THIRD PERSON
9. Do you think Vastu is religion specific?
21.3
YES
88.7 NO
10. Do you think Vastu is region specific?
30.3
YES
69.7 NO

11. Do you think Vastu limits the creativity of an Architect?
10.1
YES
NO
89.9
12. Do you think Vastu has affected the aesthetics of your house?
32.5
YES
67.5
NO
13. Do you believe Vastu has brought positive effects in factors like health, wealth,
prosperity etc?
18.6
4.63
YES
NO
76.77 NOT SURE

CHAPTER 5 INFERENCE
 The research realizes the importance of Vastu Shastra through a logical

perspective in context to the Environment.
 Although the level of application of Vastu has changed a lot during time, it can be
observed that the popularity of this tradition has not declined, but in fact has
increased over time.
 Contrary to popular belief, Vastu rules does not restrict the creativity of an
architect, but instead presents a challenge to achieve spiritual atmosphere within a
concrete beauty in harmony with the nature.
 SURVEY:
1. In the survey, 100% people voted that they will consider Vastu again for the
construction of another building even though 32.5% out of this believed that
Vastu has affected the aesthetics of their current residence.
2. 92% of the people who followed Vastu for their residence are highly
satisfied with the results.
3. Although people follow the rules of Vastu, they are not aware of the reasons
and what results to exactly expect from this.
 It can be inferred that even though people are unaware of the scientific grounds of
Vastu, they still choose to follow the tradition due to its occult aspect. But this
leads to the blind application of random rules, hence failing to provide the
expected results as it should provide.
Educating the people about the environmental significance of Vastu will help
them to choose for themselves the regulations according to the results they desire.
This will also remove the myth that Vastu is religion specific and is followed to
only to please the Gods.

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
The Vastu Shastra principles are not just mythological but also based on the various
scientific reasons which affect the planning and construction of various structures like
homes, offices, dwellings, etc. Through thorough study and profound analysis one can
find the scientific reasons behind each and every aspect and principle of Vastu Shastra.
Here, I have tried to find few of the reasons and explanations behind the Vastu Shastra
recommendations like planning, orientation, type of land, building materials, placement
of doors and windows, shape of plot and in total, the relation between Vastu Shastra
and the environment protection by classifying the principles into three categories:
Elemental level, Planning level and Extensive Level.
Based on the above mentioned analysis, it can be concluded that while immediate
benefits of Vastu principles in a house may not happen, the importance of Vastu
science for one’s living cannot be ruled out. Principles of Vastu are now accredited to
be the solid science of architecture promoting the design concepts for a house in a way
that nature’s five elements can be maximized into the wellbeing of every occupant of
the house. This explains as to why Vastu Shastra is not only important but is also an
unavoidable necessity for every person who wants to erect a house by purchasing a new
plot of land or a new readymade home. Residential property designed in respect with
Vastu parameters is always a house of positive energy force keeping its occupants in
great physical fitness, as well as growth and prosperity in their chosen endeavour.

CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archdaily. 2010. The Vastu House, Khosla Associates. Archdaily. [Online] 13 July
2010. https://www.archdaily.com/68535/vastu-house-khosla-associates.
Floor, Common. 2014. Vastu rules for the location of household appliances. Common
Floor. [Online] 6 October 2014. https://www.commonfloor.com/guide/vastu-rules-for-
the-location-of-household-appliances-46838.html.
Jolly, Anupam. Anupam Vastu. Jaipur : ISADS.
Manayil, Ramakrishnan. 2018. 2018.
Musath, Thirumangalath Neelakandan. 16 c. Manushyalaya Chandrika. 16 C.
Neetima. 2010. VASTU SHASTRA IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION AND

FURNISHINGS. 2010.
Rajoriya, Richa. 2008. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VASTU SHASTRA AND

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION. Bhopal : EPCO Bhopal, 2008.
Ravi & Minu Architects. 2012. SCIENTIFIC VASTU . Architecture Ideas. [Online]
12 December 2012.

Vastu Shastra of Indian Residential Buildings in Context With The Environment

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VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN CONTEXT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement

for the Eight semester, Degree of

of the University of Kerala

Ar. Uthara K S Haripriya T K

Thangal Kunju Musaliar College Of Engineering

Certified that this is a bonifide record of the

during the period of January 2019 to May 2019

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

Eighth semester, Degree of

of the University of Kerala

External examiner Internal examiner

in context with the Environment, submitted to the Department of Architecture, TKM

of Architect. Uthara K S, Department of Architecture TKMCE.

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page iii

I consider myself extremely privileged to have been guided by Ar. Uthara K S,

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Vastu Consultant Mr. Radhakrishnan

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page iv

VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page v

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ iii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1

1.2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 3

1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS .......................................................................... 3

1.3.1 SCOPE: ...................................................................................................... 3

1.3.2 LIMITATIONS: ......................................................................................... 3

1.4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 5

2.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF VASTU SHASTRA ................................. 7

2.2.1 THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF NATURE ..................................................... 7

2.2.2 THE EIGHT CARDINAL DIRECTIONS ................................................ 8

2.3 THE OCCULT ASPECT .................................................................................. 9

2.3.1 PERSONAL MOTIVES OF THE CONSULTANTS ............................... 9

2.3.2 MYTHOLOGICAL STORIES .................................................................. 9

2.3.3 CONTEMPORARY SITUATION OF VASTU IN INDIA .................... 10

2.4 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF VASTU AND THEIR APPLICATION ............... 10

2.4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 10

2.4.2 ELEMENTAL LEVEL ............................................................................ 11

2.4.3 PLANNING LEVEL ............................................................................... 13

2.4.4 EXTENSIVE LEVEL .............................................................................. 17

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEVANCE AND LOGICAL APPROACH TO

2.5.1 SOLAR RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ........................................... 20

2.5.2 DIRECTIONS AND DEITIES ................................................................ 21

2.5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT ........................................................... 21

2.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES .................................................................................. 31

3.2 LITERATURE CASE STUDY....................................................................... 32

3.2.1 VASTU HOUSE, BANGALORE ........................................................... 32

3.3 LIVE CASE STUDY ...................................................................................... 38

3.3.1 KUMARANJIYEDATHU THARAVADU ............................................ 38

3.3.2 RESIDENCE FOR MR. PAUL MUNDADAN ...................................... 41

3.4 ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 45

CHAPTER 4 SURVEY .............................................................................................. 48

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page vii

Figure 2.1: The Vastu Deities .......................................................................................... 6

Table 3.1 : Comparative Analysis Table........................................................................ 45

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page viii

VASTU SHASTRA OF INDIAN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN

CONTEXT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page 1

Department of Architecture TKMCE, Kollam Page 2

1.2.1 To identify the fundamental concept of Vastu Shastra in Indian Residential