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Basic Chemistry Part 2 (Answer Key)
Basic Chemistry Part 2 (Answer Key)
Date:
Pd:
PART 1: MIXTURES:
Fill in the blanks from the information provided on the presentation.
Mixtures, unlike compounds, can be separated into their individual substances by physical means.
Example: salt and water can be separated by evaporation.
A solution becomes saturated when the solvent holds all the solute that it can. It can no longer
dissolve solute.
Suspensions are a mixture of particles scattered throughout another. The particles do not dissolve.
Examples: clouds, dust, fog, smoke, mud, blood
Reflect:
PART 2: COMPOUNDS
Compounds can be separated into their elements only if the chemical bonds are broken. This can
be done by chemical means (chemical reaction)
A molecule is the smallest part of a compound—like water—that has all the properties of the
compound.
PART 3: REVIEW COMPOUNDS AND ELEMENTS
Write “E” for element or “C” for compound or B for BOTH for each description below:
1. __C__ Two or more elements combined 7. __C__ Water (H2O)
2. __E__ Made up of one type of atom 8. __B__ Smallest unit of a substance
3. __E__ Cannot be chemically broken down 9. __E__ Smallest unit of matter
4. __C__ Table Salt (NaCl) 10. __B__ Units of matter
5. __E__ Sodium (Na) 11. __E__ Hydrogen (H)
6. __C__ Glucose 12. __C__ Can be broken down chemically
A covalent bond is a bond formed when atoms share electrons to form a compound.
Strong physical bond
hydrogen
hydrogen
H2O Molecule
An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
It is a weak electrical attraction, not a physical bond.
Example: table salt (NaCl)
Sodium Chlorine
Before Before
11 p+ 17 p+
11 e- Transfer 17 e-
0 0
After After
11 p+ 17 p+
10 e- 18 e-
+1 -1
(+) (-)
Instead of being neutral, atoms of sodium and chlorine making up salt become charged.
Ions are charged atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons.
BASIC CHEMISTRY – Part 2 (page 2) Name: Answer Key
Date:
Pd:
PART 5: CHEMICAL REACTIONS
A chemical reaction is the process of breaking down existing chemical bonds of compound and
forming new bonds.
A reaction that gives off more energy than it uses up is an exothermic reaction.
A reaction that gives off less energy than it uses up is an endothermic reaction.
Living things need a constant supply of energy from food because all cells use more energy than
they produce.
Example reactions:
Photosynthesis
Respiration (Breathing)
Oxygen + food(glucose) water + carbon dioxide
6O2 + C6H12O6 H2O + CO2
Questions:
1. List and describe the major kinds of chemicals.
Mixture – two or more blended substances
Solution – A solute with a solvent dissolved in it
Compound – two or more bonded substances
2. What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
Covalent bonds are strong physical bonds where atoms share electrons.
Ionic bonds are weak electrical bonds where atoms transfer electrons.
4. How are mixtures, compounds, and chemical reactions important for living things?