TILTING TRAINS

Prepared by
Sarun Varghese
Roll no:68
S7 M

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 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS
3. WHAT IS TILTING TRAIN ?
4. HISTORY OF TILTING TRAIN
5. TYPES OF TILTING MECHANISMS
6. WHY TILTING HELPS?

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7 . CONFIGURATION OF TILTING CONTROL SYSTEM
8 . TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TILTING TRAIN
9 . NECESSITY OF TILTING TRAINS
10 . RELEVANCE OF TOPIC
11 . CONCLUSION
12 . REFERENCE

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 INTRODUCTION
• Train is a mass transporter, which transports h
umans and goods from one place to another p
lace.
• Among goods and passenger trains the most c
oncerned one is passenger trains.
• The rail road will not be always straight, if a tra
in takes a turning at speeds centrifugal forces
will be experienced.

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• If the train moves with the same speed at the
curves and turns the train may slip from the tr
ack so the speed of the train will be slowdow
n drastically to avoid slip.

• One of the solution found to avoid this situati

on is the tilting trains.

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PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS

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WHAT IS TILTING TRAIN ?
• Tilting train consists of a tilting mechanism that
enables increased speed on regular tracks.
• In the upper part of the tilting trains that is in w
hich the passengers are seated can be tilted side
ways.
• During the motion of the train if the train has to
steer to left in a left turning the coaches of the t
rain will be tilted to the left in order to compens
ate the centrifugal push to the right and convers
ely during the right turn.
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• These trains are constructed such that inertial
forces or hydraulic force which cause the tiltin
g can be controlled by a computer

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 HISTORY OF TILTING TRAIN

• The idea of tilting the car body on curves to m

ake it possible is not new.
• It was discussed in Germany as early as 1938
(UIC 1998).
• Experimental trains with tilt were built in Fran
ce in 1957 and in Germany in 1965.
• Now most of leading countries in technology li
ke japan,russia,america,france,germany,italy a
re successfully utilising tilting trains.
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Some of the leading producers of tiltin
g trains are

'Hanvit 200‘
JR/Hitachi 2000
FS/FIAT ETR401
Pullman – Standard 1 Train-X

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TYPES OF TILTING MECH
ANISMS
• The tilt system may be passive or active. In a p
assive system, the centre of rotation is above t
he car body point of inertia and the suspensio
n system allows the car body to swing out on c
urves.
• In an active tilt system, an actuator (pneumati
c, electric or hydraulic) is used to force the car
body to tilt.
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Passive tilting(inertia force) Active tilting(hydraulic force)

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• In passive tilting on a curve, under the influence
of centrifugal force, the lower part of the car bo
dy swings outwards.
• It should be noted that passive tilt has a negativ
e impact on safety due to the lateral shift of cen
tre of gravity of the car body.
• The active tilt relies on active technology, contro
lled by a controller and executed by an actuator.
• Tilt as such has normally not an impact on safet
y on actively tilted train
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 WHY TILTING HELPS?

• When sitting on a corner going at speed there are two f

orces acting on you, gravitational force and the centrifu
gal force which is accelerating you into the corner.
• when two forces act, then this causes a resultant force.
• The resultant force will push you into your seat and to t
he side.
• If the train is tilting, then the normal contact force of y
ou on your seat will be the same as the resultant force
you are experiencing.

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• As far as the passenger is concerned he or she
is just being pulled into his or her seat, and he
or she is used to that so no discomfort is felt.
• True also of aero planes, commercial planes ti
lt a large amount, up to 30 degrees when goin
g around corners in some cases to cater for pa
ssenger comfort.
• The only way you know if the aero plane is tilti
ng is to look out of the window.

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• Trains that tilt can go up to 25% to 40% faster
around curves than conventional trains.
• This can significantly increase average speeds
and cut journey times.

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 NECESSITY OF TILTING TRAIN
S
• Often train operating companies face a decisio
n for building a high speed railway transport s
ystem...
• In order to eliminate the problem with corners
we have to either build high speed railway trac
ks or by introducing tilting mechanisms.
• When we are choosing the 1st option we have
to construct tracks on the corners with higher
radius of curvature

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• Example are TGV, and ICE and bullet trains do
not tilt, because they have their own dedicate
d high speed railway lines where curves are bu
ilt with very high radii.
• But this type of railway tracks are not practical
always.
• Therefore tilting trains have its importance in
high speed transportation systems.
• Tilting train can be utilized as a mass transport
without changing conventional tracks.

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 RELEVANCE OF TOPIC
• India is 4th largest country with railway networks
about 62,658 kms.
• A large percentage of Indian population depends
on railways for transport.
• The average speed an Indian train can achieve is
70-120kms/hr.
• This is again reduced by curved conventional Indi
an railway tracks.
• By introducing tilting trains in India as mentioned
before can significantly increase average speeds a
nd cut journey times.
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 CONCLUSION

Although tilting
mechanisms are expensive in the absence of oth
er technologies tilting train has an important rol
e in high speed and safe railway transport syste
m. And hopes that tilting train mechanisms will
be a part of Indian railway service in near future.

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 REFERENCE

• TRITA-FKT Report 2000:28

• www.railwaytechnologies.com
• www.vti.se/publications

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