LITERATURE REIEW

Work life balance as a concept

Over the year changes In the workplace resulting in the balance between an employees work
and personal life. work life balance concept is recognize to increase the work efficiency and
career sustainability. Paryani (2014) conclude that WLB and stress are interwined concept. To
them job stress may arise from direct demands of work and its load or interaction with
colleagues or work conflict even as well as non work priorities which has a ripple effect of ill
health , drug addict, depression problems and death. Work life balance encompasses a wide
range of programs , including flexible scheduling and work arrangement , family leave,
employee assistance programs, counseling services, child care services and the like(Thomas and
Ganster, 1995).The theory which support the concept of work life balance is Social learning
theory. Social learning theory is the view that people learn by observing others and by the attitudes of
others. . Associated with Albert Bandura's work in the 1960s, social learning theory explains how people
learn new behaviors, values, and attitudes. For example, a teenager might learn slang by observing
peers. Here we are relating work life balance as an attitude that how to balance owns personal life with
the demanding and responsible work life.. to understand the concept some variables which are affecting
the WLB are described . These variables are

Job Demand and work stress

Job stress can impose significant costs to the workplaces and organizations due to some issues such as
absenteeism, less productivity, and medical costs. Job overload and lack of decision latitude can lead to
job stress (Jafar Akbari, 2017). Building on social learning theory, the relationship between job demands
and work behaviour was assumed to be moderated by fairness perceptions of the ratio between effort
spent and reward received at work(Onne Jansen, 2017).

Employee’s social support

Driving the work life balance practice has become a joint responsibility between employer and
employee. It is no longer a role that resides within human resource management as all line managers
are responsible for seeing to the balance of their staff(Ahaka Obianuju, 2018). In view, Valcour(2003)
explain the work life support under two categories , formal and informal. The formal support policies to
include, dependent care incentives, flexible time management and work leave arrangement. The
informal ,he explained managerial and supervisor support and co worker support according to Ferro
(2014).