LESSON 2 NIHONGO

Para Po sa lahat ng beginner at new member

Kore , sore , Are
This , That , Over there
Kore wa nan desu ka
What is this
Sore wa nan desu ka
What is that
Are wa nan desu ka
What is that over there
Noun1 の Noun2 ( NAN NO )
KORE WA NAN NO HON DESU KA
WHAT KIND OF BOOK IS THIS
SORE WA NIHONGO NO HON DESU
THAT IS A JAPANESE BOOK
DORE DESU KA ( DORE )
ANATA NO KASA WA DORE DESU KA
WHICH ONE IS YOUR UMBRELLA
WATASHI NO KASA WA SORE DESU
THAT ONE IS MY UMBRELLA
IKURA DESU KA ( IKURA )
KORE WA IKURA DESU KA
HOW MUCH IS THIS
SORE WA 1350Yen
THAT IS ¥1350
COUNTER "DE" EN DESU
ATARASHII KUTSU WO 12950 YEN DE KAIMASHITA
I BOUGHT THOSE NEW SHOES FOR ¥12950
NOUN1 DESU KA, NOUN2 DESU KA
KORE WA NAN DESU KA , BUTANIKU DESU KA ,TORINIKU DESU KA
WHAT IS THIS, IS THIS PORK OR CHICKEN
NOUN1 ,NOUN2 KA DORE NI SHIMASU KA
PASUTA KA , SU-PO KA DORE NI SHIMASU KA
WHICH WOULD YOU CHOOSE, PASTA OR SOUP
............................

QUESTION WORDS
Mga Salitang Pananong
どちら様 どちらさま DOCHIRASAMA who / sino [Pinaka-formal. Sa
telepono]
どちら様ですか？ (Formal. Sa telepono)
DOCHIRASAMA DESU KA?
Who is this, please? /
Sino po sila?
どなた DONATA who / sino (mas formal kaysa だれ DARE)
責任者はどなたですか。
SEKININSHA WA DONATA DESU KA? [Polite]
Who is the officer-in-charge?
Sino po ang in charge dito?
誰 だれ DARE who / sino
あいつ、誰？
AITSU、DARE? [Informal. Kadalasan sa anime at panlalaki]
Who is he/she? /
Sino siya?
食べ残したのは誰？
TABENOKOSHITA NO WA DARE? [Casual/Informal]
Who didn't finish their food?
Sino ang nagtira ng pagkain?
何者 なにもの NANIMONO who / sino [Informal. Madalas sa anime.]
お前、何者だ！
OMAE, NANIMONO DA! [Spokn. Anime. Kadalasan panlalaki]
Who are you?, What are you? /
Sino ka?
何 なに／なん NANI / NAN what / ano
「alimasag」は日本語で何ですか？
"ALIMASAG" WA NIHONGO DE NAN DESU KA?
What is "alimasag" in Japanese?
Ano ang "alimasag" sa wikang Hapon?
何言ってるの。
NANI ITTERU NO. [Casual/Informal. Spoken.]
What are you talking about? /
Ano'ng pinagsasabi mo dyan.
何これ？
NANI KORE!? [Casual/Informal. Spoken.]
WTH?, WTF? /
Ano 'to??
何時 いつ ITSU when / kailan
説明会はいつですか。
 SETSUMEIKAI WA ITSU DESU KA? [Polite]
When is the briefing?
Kailan ang orientation?
山田さんはいつ来ますか。
YAMADA-SAN WA ITSU KIMASU KA? [Polite]
When will Mr. Yamada come? /
Kailan darating si Mr. Yamada?
なぜ NAZE why / bakit [Written]
あなたはなぜ日本に行きたいですか。
ANATA WA NAZE NIHON NI IKITAI DESU KA? [Polite]
Why do you want to go to Japan? /
Bakit gusto mong pumunta ng Japan?
どうして DOUSHITE why / bakit [Polite, Casual. Spoken]
どうして撮影禁止なの？
DOUSHITE SATSUEI KINSHI NA NO? [Casual/Informal. Spoken.]
Why isn't taking pictures allowed? /
Ba't bawal ang mag-picture?
なんで NANDE why / bakit [Informal. Spoken.)
なんで来なかったの？
NANDE KONAKATTA NO? [Casual/Informal. Spoken.]
Why didn't you come? /
Ba't di mo ako sinipot?
いかが IKAGA how / kumusta/paano [Polite/Formal]
コーヒーでもいかがでしょうか。
KOOHII DEMO IKAGA DESHOU KA? [Polite/Formal]
Would you like some coffee? /
Baka gusto n'yo pong magkape?
どうやって how / paano gawin
いったいどうやって間に合うの。
ITTAI DOU YATTE MANIAU NO. [Casual/Informal. Spoken.]
How the heck am I going to make it in time? /
Paano pa ba ako aabot nito...
いくら how much / magkano
二日券はいくらですか。
FUTSUKAKEN WA IKURA DESU KA? [Polite]
How much is a two-day ticket? /
Magkano po ang two-day ticket?
いくつ how many (objects) / ilan
いくつ持って来ましたか。
 IKUTSU MOTTE KIMASHITA KA? [Polite]
How many did you bring? /
Ilan po ang dinala ninyo?
おいくつ how old / ilang taon
立ち入ったことをお聞きしますが、おいくつですか。
TACHIITTA KOTO O OKIKI SHIMASU GA, OIKUTSU DESU KA? [Polite]
Sorry for the intrusive question but... how old are you? /
Pasensya na sa panghihimasok pero... ilan taon na po kayo?
KOSOADO WORDS
Pananong na nabibilang sa KOSOADO words
どこ DOKO where / saan
今、どこ？
IMA, DOKO? [Casual/Informal. Spoken]
Where r u? /
Saan ka na?
どちら DOCHIRA where, which / saan (mas formal kaysa sa どこ
DOKO), alin (sa dalawang pagpipilian)
どちらの方ですか？
DOCHIRA NO KATA DESU KA? [Polite]
Which country are you from? /
Saang bansa po kayo galing?
お住まいはどちらですか？
OSUMAI WA DOCHIRA DESU KA? [Polite]
Where do you live? /
Saan po kayo nakatira?
どっち DOTCHI which / alin [informal. Spoken. Hango sa どちら]
どっちがいい？
DOTCHI GA II [Casual/Informal. Spoken.]
Which one's better? /
Alin ang mas okey?
どれ DORE which / alin (sa maraming pagpipilian)
私のはどれですか。
WATASHI NO WA DORE DESU KA? [Polite]
Which one is mine? /
Alin dito ang akin?
どの～ DONO~ which ~ / aling ~ (kailangan may kasunod na bagay,
tao, etc.)
どのレストランがおすすめですか。 [Polite]
Which restaurant do you recommend? /
Aling restaurant ang mairerekomnda ninyo?
どんな～ DONNA~ what sort of ~, what kind of ~ / anong klaseng ~
サムさんは、どんな人ですか。
SAM-SAN WA, DONNA HITO DESU KA? [Polite]
What sort of person is Sam? /
Anong klaseng tao ba si Sam? (puwede isagot ang itsura o ugali)
どのような～ DONO YOU NA ~ what sort of, what kind of ~ / anong
klaseng ~ [Polite. Written]
どう DOU how
Avengers:Endgameはどうでしたか。 [Polite]
How was "Avengers: Endgame"? /
Kamusta ang "Avengers: Endgame"?
「これ」と「この」はどう違いますか。
"KORE" TO "KONO" WA DOU CHIGAIMASU KA? [Polite]
What is the difference between "KORE" and "KONO"?
Ano ang pinagkaiba ng "kore" at "kono"
[Dito, makikita natin na hindi palibasa "Ano" o "What" ang tanong,
NANI na rin pagsinalin sa wikang Hapon. Hindi one-is-to one ang
pagsalin.]
どうやって DOU YATTE how / paano gawin
どうやって学校に行くんですか。
DOU YATTE GAKKOU NI IKU N' DESU KA?
How do you get to school? /
Paano ka napunta sa school?
どういうふうに DOU IU FUU NI in what way
「それは違います。」「どういうふうに？」
"SORE WA CHIGAIMASU." "DOU IU FUU NI?" [Informal]
"That's wrong." "In what way?" /
"Mali iyan." "Saan/Paanong mali?"
どれぐらい／どれくらい／どのぐらい／どのくらい
DORE GURAI / DORE KURAI / DONO GURAI / DONO KURAI
around how much, around how long /
mga magkano, mga gaanong katagal
どれぐらいかかりますか。 [Polite]
How much will it cost? / How long will it take? /
Magkano aabutin? / Gaanong katagal aabutin?
[Sa mga ganitong sample, hindi "DARE/DONATA (Sino)" ang ginagamit,
kundi "Mayroon ba sa inyo na..."]
明日あいている人、いますか？
ASHITA AITE IRU HITO, IMASU KA? [Polite. Spoken.]
Who's free tomorrow? /
Sino ang puwede bukas?
パソコンを持っている人、いますか。
PASOKON O MOTTE IRU HITO, IMASU KA? [Polite. Spoken.]
Who has a PC? /
Sino po sa inyo ang may PC?
まだ払っていない人、いますか？
MADA HARATTE INAI HITO, IMASU KA? [Polite. Spoken.]
Who hasn't paid yet? /
Sino ang di pa nagbabayad?
QUESTIONS USING COUNTERS
Pananong Na May Pambilang
Ikabil lang sa counter o pambilang ang 何 NAN, may salitang pananong
na tayo. Halimbawa:
何歳 なんさい how old / ilang taon
何時 なんじ what time / anong oras
何曜日 なんようび which day of the week / kailan, aling araw ng linggo
何月何日 なんがつなんにち which date / kailan, anong petsa
何か月 なんかげつ how many months / ilang buwan
何年間 なんねんかん how many years / ilang taon
何人 なんにん how many persons / ilang katao
何名様 なんめいさま how many persons (in restaurants) / ilang katao
[sa mga restaurant o hotel, ginagamit ng service staff]
何名様ですか。
NANMEISAMA DESU KA. [Formal. Spoken.]
For how many? /
Ilan po sila?
何本 なんぼん how many (sticks and other long, slender objects) / ilan
何点 なんてん how many points
何冊 なんさつ how many volumes (books, magazines, etc.) / ilan
何番目 なんばんめ which number (1st, 2nd, 3rd?) / pang-ilan
何番 なんばん which number (phone number) / anong phone number
何番線 なんばんせん which track number (trains) / pang-ilang track
etc.
PETSA

Nasa unahan parati ang taon.

Dalawa ang paraan ng pagsabi ng petsa sa wikang Hapon.
2/2/1988:
1. 1988年2月2日
SENKYUUHYAKU HACHIJUUHACHINEN NIGATSU FUTSUKA
2. 昭和63年2月2日
SHOUWA ROKUJUUSANNEN NIGATSU FUTSUKA

Ang pangalawang paraan ay base sa kung sino ang nakaupo na emperor.

Pag nagpapalit ang emperor, nagbabago rin ang pangalan ng taon. Ang
ibig sabihin ng SHOUWA ROKUJUUSANNEN ay ika-63ng taon ng
Panahong Shouwa / ika-63ng taon na nakaupo si Emperor
Hirohito/Shouwa.

Panahong MEIJI (1868-7/29/1912) - Emperor Mutsuhito/Meiji

Panahong TAISHOU (7/30/1912-12/24/1926) - Emperor
Yoshihito/Taishou
Panahong SHOUWA (12/25/1926-1/7/1989) - Emperor
Hirohito/Shouwa
Panahong HEISEI (1/8/1989-4/31/1919) - Emperor Akihito/Heisei
Panahong REIWA (5/1/2019-) - Emperor Naruhito/Reiwa

明治元年 MEIJI GANNEN unang taon ng Panahong Meiji / 1868**

大正元年 TAISHOU GANNEN unang taon ng Panahong Taishou /
1912**
昭和元年 SHOUWA GANNEN unang taon ng Panahong Shouwa /
1926**
平成元年 HEISEI GANNEN unang taon ng Panahong Heisei / 1989**
令和元年 REIWA GANNEN unang taon ng Panahong Reiwa / 1919**
**Sa mga petsang nakasaad sa itaas lang nagpalit, at hindi sa unang
araw ng taon

Pag makakita ng S o H sa taon, SHOUWA o HEISEI madalas ito,

halimbawa, H31年3月3日 = HEISEI SANJUUICHINEN = 3/3/1919

TAON
～年 ~NEN ang pambilang sa taon. Ikabit lamang sa numero,
Tandaan lamang ang basa ng sumusunod:
2004年 NISEN YONEN Taong 2004
2014年 NISEN JUUYONEN Taong 2014
×YONNEN

BUWAN NG TAON
～月 ~GATSU ang pambilang sa buwan ng taon.
1月 ICHIGATSU Enero
2月 NIGATSU Pebrero
3月 SANGATSU Marso
4月 SHIGATSU Abril
5月 GOGATSU Mayo
6月 ROKUGATSU Hunyo
7月 SHICHIGATSU Hulyo
8月 HACHIGATSU Agosto
9月 KUGATSU Setyembre
10月 JUUGATSU Oktubre
11月 JUUICHIGATSU Nobyembre
12月 JUUNIGATSU Disyembre
何月 NANGATSU anong buwan?
正月 SHOUGATSU Enero

ARAW NG BUWAN
～日 ~NICHI ang pambilang sa araw ng buwan.
Katutubong bilang ang ginagamit sa 1~10, 14, 20, 14.
1日 TSUITACHI unang araw ng .../ a-uno
2日 FUTSUKA ika-dalawa ng .../ a-dos
3日 MIKKA ika-tatlo ng .../ a-tres
4日 YOKKA ika-apat ng .../ a-kuwatro
5日 ITSUKA ika-lima ng .../ a-singko
6日 MUIKA ika-anim ng .../ a-sais
7日 NANOKA ika-pito ng .../ a-siyete
8日 YOUKA ika-walo ng .../ a-otso
9日 KOKONOKA ika-siyam ng .../ a-nuwebe
10日 TOOKA ika-10 ng .../ a-dyis
11日 JUUICHINICHI ika-11 ng .../ a-onse
12日 JUUNINICHI ika-12 ng .../ a-dose
......
14日 JUUYOKKA ika-14 ng .../ a-katorse
......
19日 JUUKUNICHI ika-19 ng.../ a-disinuwebe
20日 HATSUKA ika-20 ng .../ a-beynte
21日 NIJUUICHINICHI ika-21 ng .../ a-beyntiuno
22日 NIJUUNINICHI ika-22 ng .../ a-beyntidos
......
24日 NIJUUYOKKA ika-24 ng ...
......
29日 NIJUUKUNICHI ika-29 ng...
30日 SANJUUNICHI ika-30 ng ...
31日 SANJUUICHINICHI ika-31 ng ...
何日 NANNICHI anong araw ng buwan
晦日 MISOKA huling araw ng buwan / katapusan
大晦日 OOMISOKA huling araw ng taon
元日 GANJITSU unang araw ng taon / New Year's Day
元旦 GANTAN unang umaga/araw ng taon / New Year's Day

A: お誕生日はいつですか。
A: OTANJOUBI WA ITSU DESU KA?
A: When is your birthday? / Kailan po ang birthday ninyo?
B: 1月10日です。
B: ICHIGATSU TOOKA DESU.
B: January 10th. / Ika-sampu ng Enero.

Sa mga susumusunod, ginagamitan ng に NI (specific time

particle/pananda sa takdang oras/araw/buwan/taon) ang petsa.

A: いつ来ますか？
A: ITSU KIMASU KA?
A: Kailan po kayo pupunta rito?
B: 九日に行きます。
B: KOKONOKA NI IKIMASU.
B: Sa a-nuwebe po ako pupunta diyan.

A: いつ帰国しますか？
A: ITSU KIKOKU SHIMASU KA?
A: Kailan po kayo uuwi (sa bansa ninyo) ?
B: 10月に帰国します。
B: JUUGATSU NI KIKOKU SHIMASU.
B: Uuwi po ako (sa bansa ko) sa Oktubre.

[Informal]
A: 元旦はどうする？
A: GANTAN WA DOU SURU?
A: Ano'ng gagawin mo sa New Year?
B: 実家に帰る。
B: JIKKA NI KAERU.
B: Uuwi ako sa amin (sa bahay ng magulang, kinalakihan sa probinsya)
.....................................................

SPAN OF TIME: COUNTING MONTHS

HABA NG PANAHON: PAGBILANG NG BUWAN
Counter / Pambilang:
～か月 -KAGETSU ~months / ~ buwan

1 一か月 IKKAGETSU
2 二か月 NIKAGETSU
3 三か月 SANKAGETSU
4 四か月 YONKAGETSU
5 五か月 GOKAGETSU
6 六か月 ROKKAGETSU
7 七か月 NANAKAGETSU
8 八か月 HACHIKAGETSU
9 九か月 KYUUKAGETSU
10 十か月 JUKKAGETSU
11 十一か月 JUUIKKAGETSU
何か月 NANKAGETSU How many months? / ilang buwan
数か月 SUUKAGETSU several months / ilang buwan

Sentence patterns:
AはBです。 A WA B DESU. A is B. / B ang/si A.
AはBですか。A WA B DESU KA. Is A B. / B ba ang/si A.

Subject-Object-Verb

Subject-[span of time]-Object-Verb
Subjectは／が [span of time] Objectを Verb。
or
Subject-Object-[span of time]-Verb
Subjectは／が Objectを [span of time] Verb。

**Hindi ginagamitan ng particle ang mga haba ng panahon.

Maari ilagay sa unahan ng sentence o sa tabi ng verb.

[Polite]
A:かわいい赤ちゃんですね。何か月ですか？
A:KAWAII AKACHAN DESU NE.
NANKAGETSU DESU KA?
A:Ang cute naman po ni Baby!
Ilang buwan na po siya?
B:五か月です。
B:GOKAGETSU DESU.
B:Limang buwan po.

[Polite]
A:どのくらい日本語を勉強しましたか。
A:DONO KURAI NIHONGO O BENKYOU SHIMASHITA KA?
A:How long have you studied Japanese?
A:Gaanong katagal po kayo nag-aral ng wikang Hapon?
B:四か月勉強しました。
B:YONKAGETSU BENKYOU SHIMASHITA.
B:Apat na buwan po ako nag-aral.

[Polite]
A: どれぐらいかかりますか？
A: DORE GURAI KAKARIMASU KA?
A: How long will it take?
A: Gaanong katagal aabutin?
B: 一か月かかります。
B: IKKAGETSU KAKARIMASU.
B: It will take one month.
B: Aabutin ng isang buwan.

[Casual/Informal]
A: どのくらい日本にいたの？
A: DONO KURAI NIHON NI ITA NO?
A: How long did you stay in Japan?
A: Gaanong katagal ka (nag-stay) sa Japan?
B: 十か月。
B: JUKKAGETSU.
B: 10 months.
B: Sampung buwan.

...............................................................................

Sentence forming :
subject wa + noun + desu.
Kore wa + hon + desu.

To translate sentence with subject w/ "wa "marker, Ang pagbasa: subject

w/ "wa" muna basa then sunod yung hulihan pabalik hanggang "wa"
marker.. basa. Hulihan muna pabalik hanggang "wa" marker: ("wa" is a
marker only kaya wala siya translations. Marker lang ng subject. Marker
between subject & predicate. )
subject~ wa ~predicate.

This (wa) + book + is.

[This is (a) book.]

kore "ga" hon desu.

[(a) book is this. ]

pag "ga" ang subject marker,

pagbasa: huli yung subject w/ "ga" , unahin muna hulihan papunta sa

unahan.
(Is a book,this) or
[(A) book is this. ]
emphasis ng "Ga" sa "this"

emphasis ng "Wa" sa "predicate"

[ This is "a book."]
atin atin lang pinoy: kung nalilito kayo o hindi niyo naintindihan.
Gayahin niyo na lang ang turo ng iba na yung "wa" at "ga" ay "is" ( pero
tandaan ninyo na lang na marker lang yan.)

formal polite sentence o speech:

"desu"="is"= a linking verb (to be)

adjective+"desu"
takai desu.
(High is. )
[(it) is high. ]

Ano yama wa takai desu.

That mountain is high.

Usually the verb is the last word. (sa polite speech) ( like "desu"= "is" = (a
linking verb)

(informal speech:)
(ano yama wa takai da )
ano yama wa takai.
That mountain is high

................................................................................

In nihongo,( the formal, polite sentence) usually end in verb:

(formal, polite)
Ano yama wa taihen takai desu.
That mountain is very high.

desu= linking verb= is, (to be) = polite word(verb)

(informal, plain)
Ano yama wa taihen takai.
That mt. is very high.

When a true adjective comes at the end of a sentence in "PLAIN"

"INFORMAL" speech, it contains a verb in itself. "Fuji yama wa takai" or "
Fuji san wa takai" is a complete sentence meaning "Mt. Fuji is high."
Since there is no verb in the japanese sentence we conclude the verb in
japanese is sometimes implied, & in the above sentence "takai"
corresponds to "is high" rather than mere "high."

True adjectives may be conjugated through all tenses:

takai = "is" high.

taka-katta= "was" high.
taka-karo="is" perhaps high.
taka-kattaro=was perhaps high
taka-kereba= if it is high
taka-kute="being" high (Te-form)

verb+"eba" =("if or when")

taber(u)+ eba=tabereba=
( if eat, when eat)

adjective+kereba= if it is "adj."=
taka(i)-kereba=
taka-kereba=
=if it is high.

(informal, plain speech)

Ano yama wa taihen takai.
"That mt. is very high."

(plain, informal)
"Yama wa takai"
"The Mt is high"

(formal, polite)
Yama wa takai "desu".
The Mt. is high.

v...............................................................

[Subject]+/wa/+[predicate.]

"wa" is a marker/ divider

~wa~(between subj.& predicate) subject~wa~predicate.

Ex.
Kare(He)= (is the subject)

~"wa"~(marker)

eki e kuru.= comes to the station.

(the predicate)(the body of the sentence)

eki =train station. (noun)

e=to ( direction)
Kuru=come (verb)(informal)
Kimasu= come (polite)

(subject)( head of the sentence)

~wa~
(predicate) (body of the sentence)

Connect them:
Kare "wa" eki < e < kimasu.
[he (wa) station < to < comes.]
He ( ) comes to the station.

"Wa" is only a marker so (walang katubas na word sa English kasi

marker lang ito o divider )

Kanojo wa gakkou < e < iku.

[ She ( wa ) school < to < go. ]
= she ( ) goes to school.

use "e" for direction for the verb come to, come from,go to,

kuru, kimasu=come
iku, ikimasu,= go

Eki < e <iku. (Plain, informal)

Station <to <go.
(I,you,he,she)I go to the ( train )station.

Formal:
Aki san wa eki e ikimasu.
Mr. Aki goes to the station.
But "Ni" could also be use to show the point of destination.

use "e" for iku, ikimasu= " go"

use "e" for kuru, kimasu,= "come"

"ni" for "imasu" & "arimasu"

"de" for place of action.

resting = yasunde, kaishimasu(buy)..

Uchi "de" yasunde imasu.

(House < "in" < is resting.)
(He,she) is resting in the house.

Mise de < kaimashita.

Shop < in the < bought.
(It was) bougth in the shop.

Tokyo de < aimasho.

[Tokyo < "in" < let's meet ]
Let's meet in Tokyo.

Let's repeat...

"Ni"also use to make noun of place to make it an adverb of place where

subject's presence is, existence, live or stay.

Uchi ni imasu.
(He) is in the house.

Use "ni" for verb [aru, arimasu, iru, imasu, sumu(live), sunde
imasu(living) ]

imasu=to be, "is at present.." (used for person. animals, & things that are
moving w/ its own strength. )

arimasu= to be, there is, present, exist,(use for non-moving , don't

change position, or can't move by its own strength, like plant, trees,
things that don't move by its own strength)

kare wa uchi ni imasu.

He is in the house.
Neko mo nezumi mo imasu.
There is a cat as well as a mouse.

Asoko ni hito ga imasu.

There is a man (over) there.

use arimasu for non-moving or can't move by it's own strength.

Like plants & trees can't move by itself.

Ki ga arimasu.
There is a tree.

"De" is use before a place of action. (action includes yasumu(resting),

yasunde imasu.= resting)

Place of action
place ~de~ verb
Uchi ~de~ yasumu. (Informal)
Uchi ~de~yasumimasu.(formal)
Uchi ~de~yasunde imasu.(formal)
(He) is in the house resting.

Verb in "te" or "de" ending+ imasu=

Gerund of the verb or verb ending in ..(ing). rest+ing= resting.

All of the above sentence is in present tense.

place ~de~verb
mise ~de~ urimasu.
Shop < at the < sell.
translations:
(They) sell (it)> at the> shop.

Other use of "de"

de= by means of,
de= by using

naifu de kirimasu
Knife<by <cut.
Cut by (using) a knife.
Kamisori de sorimasu.
Razor<w/<shave.
Shave >w/> a razor.
Shave >by (using)> a razor.

Busu de ikimasu.
Bus < by <go.
Go > by > bus
........................................................

[Beginner + extras]
VERB GROUPINGS
May tatlong kategorya ng pandiwa o verbs sa wikang Hapon at
magkakaiba ang pagbanghay ng mga ito. Mahalaga ito para mabanghay
o ma-conjugate ang verbs nang tama. Naka-Dictionary Form ang bigay
ko, dahil ito ang anyong makikita sa mga dictionary. (Ang Minna no
Nihongo, -MASU ang bigayan.)

Group 3 / Irregular: KURU at SURU lang kaya ko ito parati inuuna.

来る KURU come / dumating/pumunta (rito)
する SURU do / gawin
(at iba pang gawain na nagiging kilos pag nilagyan ng SURU)
Halimbawa:
勉強する BENKYOU SURU study / mag-aral
洗濯する SENTAKU SURU do one's laundry / maglaba
掃除する SOUJI SURU clean /
maglinis[掃除する]/magwalis[箒を使う]/magpunas[布巾で拭う]

Group 2 / Ichidan / RU-verbs: nagtatapos sa -ERU at -IRU

Halimbawa:
食べる TABERU eat / kumain
見る MIRU see/watch / tignan/manood
Exceptions:
帰る KAERU go home / umuwi
走る HASHIRU run / tumakbo
入る HAIRU enter / pumasok
要る IRU need / kailanganin
知る SHIRU know / alam
切る KIRU cut / gupitin[はさみで]/hiwain[ナイフで]
(at mga ibang salita na may きる)
 値切る NEGIRU bargain / tawaran
仕切る SHIKIRU partition / hatiin
千切る CHIGIRU crumble / madurog
横切る YOKOGIRU cross / tumawid/lumipat
atbp.
散る CHIRU fall/scatter / malaglag
いじる IJIRU tinker with / kalikutin/butingtingin
びびる BIBIRU be scared / matakot
蹴る KERU kick / sipain
減る HERU decrease / bumababa/mabawasan
練る NERU knead / masahin
焦る ASERU get impatient / mainip
蘇る YOMIGAERU revive / buhayin
参る MAIRU (humble form) go/come / pumunta
陥る OCHIIRU fall into (temptation)/run into (difficulties) /
malugmok
限る KAGIRU be limited/restricted to ~ / may limit na, hanggang ~
遮る SAEGIRU block / harangin
むしる MUSHIRU pluck / bunutin (damo, balahibo)
かじる KAJIRU bite into / kagatin/ngatngatin
迸る HOTOBASHIRU gush / bumulwak

Group 1 / Godan / U-verbs:

Lahat ng exception sa Group 2.
Mga verb na wala sa Group 2 o Group 3 at nagtatapos sa
-U, -KU, -GU, -SU, -TSU, -NU, -BU, -MU, -RU.
Halimbawa:
AU (meet / makipagkita), IU (say / sabihin), OU (chase / habulin)
KAKU (write / isulat), IKU (go / pumunta), HIKU (play [an
instrument] / tumugtog), NAKU (cry / umiyak)
HANASU (speak / magsalita/makipag-usap), KESU (erase, switch off
/ burahin/patayin (ilaw))
MATSU (wait / maghintay), MOTSU (hold, have (object) /
bitbitin/mayroon)
OYOGU (swim / lumangoy)
ERABU (select / pumili), ASOBU (play, visit / bumisita), TOBU
(jump, fly / tumalon/lumundag, lumipad)
YOMU (read / magbasa), KAMU (bite, kagatin), NOMU (drink /
uminom)
 SHINU (die / mamatay)
HAJIMARU (begin / mag-umpisa), OWARU (end / matapos).

RENSHUU 練習 Exercise
Anong group ang mga ito?
1. TETSUDAU tulungan / assist
2. KATAZUKERU ligpitin / clear
3. MIOKURU ihatid / see someone off
4. MUKAERU sunduin / fetch someone
5. MANIAU umabot / make it in time
6. HAIRU pumasok / enter
7. SOUFU SURU ipadala / send (a document)
8. HASHIRU tumakbo / run
9. ARUKU maglakad / walk
10. KASU magpahiram / lend

Next in Unit:
...............................

Passive = Anyong kung saan ang "subject" o ang kaugnay niya ang
tumatanggap ng kilos sa halip na siya ang gumagawa ng kilos.
Ang ending ay -ARERU o -RARERU depende sa Group.

Ang nabuong verb na nagtatapos sa -ARERU/-RARERU ay binabanghay

tulad ng kahit anong Ichidan/Group 2 verb.

Pagbuo ng Passive / 受け身（うけみ） (plain / polite):

Irregular / Group 3 Verbs:
Ang SURU (do) gawing SARERU / SAREMASU
Ang KURU (come) gawing KORARERU / KORAREMASU
Ichidan / Group 2 / RU-verbs:
Tanggalin ang -RU, lagyan ng -RARERU. Halimbawa:
MIRU (see/watch) --> MIRARERU / MIRAREMASU
TABERU (eat) --> TABERARERU / TABERAREMASU
Godan / Group 1 / U-verbs:
Ang -U,-KU,-GU,-SU,-TSU,-BU,-NU,-MU,-RU,
gawing -WA,-KA,-GA,-SA,-TA,-BA,-NA,-MA,-RA at lagyan ng RERU.
Halimbawa:
SUKUU (rescue) --> SUKUWARERU / SUKUWAREMASU
KAKU (write) --> KAKARERU / KAKAREMASU
TSUNAGU (connect) --> TSUNAGARERU / TSUNAGAREMASU
NOKOSU (leave/itira) --> NOKOSARERU / NOKOSAREMASU
 TAMOTSU (retain) --> TAMOTARERU / TAMOTAREMASU
YOBU (call/summon) --> YOBARERU / YOBAREMASU
SHINU (die) --> SHINARERU / SHINAREMASU
KAMU (bite) --> KAMARERU / KAMAREMASU
SHIKARU (scold) --> SHIKARARERU / SHIKARAREMASU

Mga
halimbawa: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1379625945432552/pe
rmalink/2113868888674917/

IU say/tell / tawagin/sabihan --> IWARERU be told /

masabihan/matawag
私は同僚にそう言われた。
WATASHI WA DOURYOU NI SOU IWARETA.
I was told/called that by my co-workers. /
Nasabihan ako ng ganoon ng katrabaho ko.
SASEN SURU to relegate/shunt/demote --> SASEN SARERU get
shunted/relegated to/demoted
山田さんは支店に左遷された。
YAMADA-SAN WA SHITEN NI SASEN SARETA.
Mr. Yamada was relegated to a branch office. /
Nalipat si Mr. Yamada sa isang branch office (mula sa headquarters
(i.e. na-demote siya)).

RENSHUU 練習 PAGSASANAY

SET 1
Mula sa Dictionary form, ibigay ang Passive Form.
1. OKORU to get angry / magalit --> to have someone get angry at you /
mapagalitan
2. SHIKARU to scold / pagsabihan --> to get scolded / mapagsabihan
3. KIRU to put down the phone / ibaba (ang telepono) --> to have
someone put down the phone on you / mababaan ng telepono
4. WARAU to laugh/smile / tumawa/ngumiti --> to be laughed at /
mapagtawanan
5. HANERU to hit / banggain --> to get hit (by a vehicle, etc.) and get
sent flying / mabangga't tumilapon
6. SAIYOU SURU to hire / tumanggap --> to get hired / matanggap
7. TSUKAU to use / gumamit --> to be used / magamit/ginamit
8. IU to say/tell / sabihin --> to be told / masabihan
9. NAGURU to hit/strike (somebody) / buntalin/batukan --> to be
hit/struck / masapak/mabuntal
10. SASU to bite / kagatin (ng lamok) --> to be bitten / makagat