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What is GPR?
Principles of GPR
Advantages/Disadvantages
Conclusion
Introduction:-
Today, the advance space technology almost reached on extraterrestrial
(Mars) planet and deep ocean exploration also possible to human using
submarine technologies like sonar, scuba diving etc.
But sill today human have no proper answer what are actually below us?
Using direct investigation like bore wells and mining's can provide information
regarding to underground objects with some depth limitations. But using
electromagnetic waves we can get some 100s of meter information regarding
underground objects.
GPR has been developed over the past thirty years for shallow, high
resolution investigations of the subsurface. GPR is a time-dependent
geophysical technique that can provide a 3-D pseudo image of the subsurface,
including the fourth dimension of color, and can also provide accurate depth
estimates for many common subsurface objects. GPR can provide precise
information concerning the nature of buried objects. It produces a continuous
cross-sectional profile or record of subsurface features, without drilling,
probing, or digging.
3D GPR image
Gotthelf Leimbach and Heinrich Löwy applied for a patent to use radar
technology to locate buried objects with radar technology in 1910
A glacier's depth was measured using ground penetrating radar in 1929
by W. Stern
Military applications began driving research in 1970s
GPR is becoming the new tool in archaeological remote sensing & many
other areas.
The particular invention improved the depth resolution and is still widely
used today.
Principles of GPR
How it works ?
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) uses the same fundamental physical principles
as conventional radar. It uses radio waves to map structure and features buries in the
ground /man-made structures. The pulses always propagates in a shape of a cone.
The radar technique principally detect back-scattered energy from a target.
GPR uses a high frequency radio signal that is transmitted by the antenna and
travels downward until it hits an object that has different electrical properties from
the surrounding medium then its get scattered from the object and receive by the
receiver antenna and stored on digital media. The computer measures the time taken
for a pulse to travel from the target which indicates its depth and location. The
reflected signals are interpreted by the system and displayed on the unit's LCD panel
in the form of cross-sectional profile .
Cont...
If the wave hits a buried object, then part of the waves energy is
reflected back to the surface, while part of its energy continues to travel
downward. The wave that is reflected back to the surface is captured by a
receive antenna, and recorded on a digital storage device for later
interpretation. The GPR method measures the travel time of
electromagnetic impulses in subsurface materials.
Easy to handle
http://www.global-gpr.com/gpr-technology/how-gpr-works.html
http://www.geo-radar.pl/en/methods/georadar/working/
http://undergroundsurveying.com/technology/ground-penetrating-radar-gpr/
http://geomodel.com/methods/ground-penetrating-radar/