Landfill Project Bratislava Slovakia PDF

Landfill Project 2017
Report of the meeting in BRATISLAVA (Slovak Republic)
27th and 28th of June 2017
Slovak Environmental Service

Date of report: 18/09/2017
Report number: 2017/2

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Introduction to IMPEL

The European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law
(IMPEL) is an international non‐profit association of the environmental authorities of the EU
Member States, acceding and candidate countries of the European Union and EEA countries. The
association is registered in Belgium and its legal seat is in Brussels, Belgium.

IMPEL was set up in 1992 as an informal Network of European regulators and authorities
concerned with the implementation and enforcement of environmental law. The Network’s
objective is to create the necessary impetus in the European Community to make progress on
ensuring a more effective application of environmental legislation. The core of the IMPEL activities
concerns awareness raising, capacity building and exchange of information and experiences on
implementation, enforcement and international enforcement collaboration as well as promoting
and supporting the practicability and enforceability of European environmental legislation.

During the previous years IMPEL has developed into a considerable, widely known organisation,
being mentioned in a number of EU legislative and policy documents, e.g. the 7th Environment
Action Programme and the Recommendation on Minimum Criteria for Environmental Inspections.

The expertise and experience of the participants within IMPEL make the network uniquely
qualified to work on both technical and regulatory aspects of EU environmental legislation.

Information on the IMPEL Network is also available through its website at: www.impel.eu

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Title of the report: Number report:
Report of the 2st meeting of the project ‐ Bratislava (Slovak Republic) 2017/2

Project Manager/Authors: Report adopted at IMPEL
General Assembly Meeting:
- Italy: Romano Ruggeri (Project Leader)
- Slovenia: Jana Miklavcic
- Italy: Luca Paradisi
- Scotland (UK): Paul Corrigan Total number of pages:
- Malta: Alvin Spiteri De Bono Report: 27
- Netherlands: Stuart Gunput
- Austria: Franz Waldner Annex I: 241
- Norway Sigrid Drage
Annex II: 18
- Croatia: Ivan Pušić
- Poland: Anna Poplawska
- Slovak Republic: Monika Medovičová
- Slovak Republic: Monika Kromerova
- Latvia: Kalvis Avotiņš
- Turkey: Saney Aslan
- Spain: Maria Mallada
Executive Summary
The report shows the results of the meeting that was held in Bratislava in June 2017; preliminary
work is also mentioned, that included the drafting of a survey on the topic of pre‐treatment of the
waste before landfilling.
Disclaimer
This report is the result of a project within the IMPEL network. The content does not necessarily
represent the view of the national administrations or the Commission.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PREPARATION OF THE MEETING 5
2. DEFINITION OF THE TOPICS OF THE MEETING 5
3. PROJECT GROUP 5
4. AGENDA OF THE MEETING 8
5. SLOVAK INSPECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENT - BRATISLAVA 12
5.1. Organization 12
5.2. Functions 12
5.3. Tasks 12
5.4. Structure 13
6. THE VISITED INSTALLATION 13
7. RESULTS OF THE MEETING: DAY 1 14
7.1 Group 1: Checklist for inspectors about Municipal Solid Waste treatment before landfilling 16
7.2 Group 2: Checklist for inspectors about industrial Waste treatment before landfilling 16
7.3 Group 3: BAT’s and Procedures for pretreatment of waste before landfilling 16
7.4 Presentations pretreatment of waste in a few EU countries 18
8. RESULTS OF THE MEETING: DAY 2 22
9. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER STEPS 24
ANNEX I. PRESENTATIONS 27
ANNEX II. REPORT OF THE INSPECTION 27

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1. Preparation of the meeting
The following preliminary actions were taken to prepare the meeting:
- Draw up of the agenda of the meeting.
- Definition of the main topics to be inspected in the landfill visit.
- Collection and analysis of the survey results on treatment of waste before landfilling.
- Collection of pieces of information about the Landfill and pretreatment plant (permit, location).
- Collection of available Guidelines on treatment of waste.
- Preparation of the presentation (PPT) concerning the IMPEL network, and the previous steps of the
project.
- Preparations of presentations (PPT) of the three Workgroup representatives of the work done so
far and presentations (PPT) of different members concerning pretreatment of waste in their
countries.
- Stimulating the discussion and preparation of the group on Basecamp; sharing of the checklist and
Guidance, results of Survey, permit of the landfill, other technical documents.

2. Definition of the topics of the meeting
The focus of the meeting was, like the first meeting in Latvia, the approach of Member States to the
pretreatment of waste before landfilling. This topic was considered by EU Commission as worthy of a
detailed study. Furthermore, the conduction of an inspection on a landfill site, using the Inspection
Guidance book and the checklist issued in 2016, was also a focus of the 2017 project. Consequently, it
was decided to perform the visit at an installation where both a landfill and a pretreatment plant of
waste were present at the same site.
The situation of pretreatment of waste before landfilling in different member countries, together with
the results of the survey circulated before the meeting, served as input for both discussion and input
for the three subgroups working on the final report on pretreatment.
3. Project group
As a large number of requests of participation in the project were collected after the circulation of the
project ToR, the participants had to be divided in the two meetings (Riga and Bratislava). The
participants in the Riga meeting were all new to the project and only two were part of previous
meetings. As far as the participants in the Bratislava meeting are concerned, three were new to the
project and three had also participated in Riga (the referents of the subgroups).

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A new Member State (Norway) was involved in the project. Unfortunately the new member from
Germany was not able to join the meeting and inspection.
During the meeting, the results of the three subgroups, that have been included in the first draft of
the final report on pretreatment, were presented by the representatives of the subgroups. The topics
which were covered by the subgroups are:
- Municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment before landfilling.
- Industrial waste treatment before landfilling.
- BAT’s and Procedures on waste treatment before landfilling.
The project group was as follows:
- Italy: Romano Ruggeri (Project Leader)
- Slovenia: Jana Miklavcic
- Italy: Luca Paradisis
- Scotland (UK): Paul Corrigan
- Malta: Alvin Spiteri De Bono
- Netherlands: Stuart Gunput
- Austria: Franz Waldner
- Norway Sigrid Drage
- Croatia: Ivan Pušić
- Poland: Anna Poplawska
- Latvia: Kalvis Avotiņš
- Turkey: Saney Aslan
- Spain: Maria Mallada
Inspection team Slovak Republic:
- Monika Medovičová
- Monika Kromerova
- Peter Šimurka
- Cyril Burda
The meeting was also glad to host Mr Marián Strýček, representing the – Ministry of Environment.

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Fig.1: Inspection team

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4. Agenda of the meeting
Time Activity Location Apparatus Who

Monday 26/06/2017 arrival of project members .

Hotel: Ibis Bratislava Centrum http://www.accorhotels.com/nl/hotel‐3566‐ibis‐bratislava‐centrum/index.shtml, Bratislava
Meeting room: Ministry of the Environment – Meeting room number 204 (Námestie Ľ. Štúra 1, Bratislava)

Inspection team Member States
- Romano Ruggeri Italy (Project Leader)
- Stuart Gunput Netherlands
- Alvin De Bono Malta
- Maria Mallada Spain
- Ivan Pušić Croatia
- Anna Poplawska Poland
- Saney Aslan Turkey
- Sigrid Drage Norway
- Franz Waldner Austria
- Jana Miklavčič Slovenia
- Kalvis Avotins Latvia
- Paul Corrigan Scotland
- Luca Paradisi Italy

Inspection team Slovak Republic
- Monika Medovičová
- Monika Kromerova
- Peter Šimurka
- Cyril Burda
Time Activity Location Apparatus Who
Tuesday 27 June 2017
7.30 Hotel Ibis Bratislava
Breakfast
8.30 Centrum
Meeting at the lobby of the Hotel
(8.30) and walk to State Environmental
9.00 Centrum
Service.
Welcome and presentation of Slovak
Environmental Inspectorate. Landfill Ministry of the
9.00 Laptop and Peter Šimurka – Chief
and pretreatment of waste: inspection Environment
9.15 beamer inspector
and infrastructure situation in the meeting room
Country
Ministry of the Marián Strýček –
9.15 How the new waste act will reduce the Laptop and
Environment Ministry of
9.30 landfilling beamer
meeting room Environment
9.30 Ministry of the Laptop and

Pretreatment situation in the Country Monika Medovičová
9.45 Environment beamer

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meeting room
IMPEL Landfill project in 2017:
Ministry of the
9.45 achieved outcomes and goals. Results Laptop and
Environment Romano Ruggeri
10.00 of Riga meeting. Identify a rapporteur beamer
meeting room
of the meeting.
Ministry of the
10.00 Results of Subgroup 1: checklist on Laptop and
Environment Jana Miklavcic
10.15 treatment of MSW beamer
meeting room
Ministry of the
10.15 Results of Subgroup 2: checklist on Laptop and
Environment Kalvis Avotins
10.30 treatment of Industrial waste beamer
meeting room
Ministry of the
10.30 Results of Subgroup 3: first analysis of Laptop and
Environment Paul Corrigan
10.45 procedure/BAT/criteria beamer
meeting room
Ministry of the
10.45
Coffee break Environment
11.00
meeting room
Pretreatment of different streams of Ministry of the
11.00 Laptop and
waste (urban and not organic waste) in Environment Maria Mallada
11.15 beamer
La Rioja region (Spain) meeting room
Ministry of the
11.15 Pretreatment of MSW and Industrial Laptop and
Environment Jana Miklavcic
11.30 waste in Slovenia beamer
meeting room
Ministry of the
11.30 Waste incineration fly ash treatment Laptop and
Environment Franz Waldner
11.45 before landfilling beamer
meeting room
1. Acid Neutralisation Capacity
evaluation to assess stable non
reactive waste
2. Stabilization/immobilization Ministry of the
11.45 Laptop and
processes: general treatment Environment Luca Paradisi
12.00 beamer
requirements and allowed premixing meeting room
of waste in relationship with BAT and
in compliance with “no dilution” rule
of Directive 1999/31/EC.
12.00 Pretreatment of MSW and Industrial
Ivan Pusic
12.15 waste in Croatia
Plenary discussion on pretreatment:
steering the final report contents
Subgroups results
Mixing the waste
Declassification and/or WAC Ministry of the
12.15
compliance Environment Project members
13.15
Stable non reactive meeting room
Stabilization processes/stable non
reactive waste and ANC evaluation
Organic matter
MSW pretreatment

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13.15
Lunch
14.30
Split in subgroups: working on the final
14.30
report. Referents of subgroups Project members
15.30
presenting results.
General presenting of the installation
to be visited (landfill, treatment Ministry of the
15.30
plant ecc.). Previous inspections results Environment Monika Medovičová
15.45
at treatment plant and preparation for meeting room
a simulated inspection.
Ministry of the
15.45
Coffee break Environment
16.00
meeting room
Use of checklist to prepare landfill Ministry of the
16.00 Project members and
inspection: split in subgroups. Identify Environment
17.00 Slovak Rep. Inspectors
referents of the subgroups. meeting room
Ministry of the
17.00
Final discussion Environment Project members
17.30
meeting room
Restaurant in
19.30 Social Dinner
Bratislava.
Wednesday 28 June 2017
Breakfast
8.25 Centrum
Meeting at the lobby of the Hotel and
8.25 walk to the bus stop “Zochova” direct Hotel Ibis Bratislava

9:00 to Petržalka. Transport from the bus Centrum
stop to Zohor.
Description of the landfill and of the
9:00 Meeting room Laptop and
pretreatment of waste before Landfill operator
9:30 landfill beamer
landfilling.
- Joint inspection in the
pretreatment installation of waste
– simulated by the Slovak
Inspectors (comparison with the
9.30 Checklist) Pretreatment plant,
Inspection team
11.30 Landfill
- Joint inspection (use of checklist)
on landfill (biogas management,
ground water management,
closing/opening cell ecc)
11.30 Results of the inspection: main Meeting room Referents of the

12.30 achievements landfill subgroups
12.30 Transport back to State Environmental

13.00 Service
13.00 Lunch

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14.00
Results of the meeting and further
steps. Ministry of the
14.00
Work to be finished Environment Project members
15.15
Third meeting organisation meeting room
ToR 2018
15.15
Coffee break
15.30
Results of the meeting and further
steps. Ministry of the
15.30 Environment Project members
16.15 Work to be finished
Third meeting organisation meeting room
ToR 2018
Commitments after the meeting
Within 15 Stuart Gunput and
Draft the Final report of the meeting
days Romano Ruggeri
Within 15 Sigrid Lund and
Draft the Final report of the Inspection
days Romano Ruggeri
Within 10 Project members in
Work in subgroups on the deliverables
September subgroups
Within 15
Article for IMPEL newsletter Alvin Spiteri De Bono
days
Romano Ruggeri and
End of July Skype meeting referents of the
subgroups
Preparation of the third meeting Romano Ruggeri

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5. Slovakk Inspectorrate of Envvironment ‐ Bratislavva
5.1. Orgganization
The Slovakk Inspectorrate of Environment is the pro ofessional control bo
ody of the Ministry o
of
Environment of the Slo ovak Repub blic. It consissts of four reegional insp
pectorates o
of the enviro
onment.

Fig. 2: Orrganization off the Slovak In
nspectorate off the Environm
ment

5.2. Fun
nctions
The headqu
uarters of th
he inspecto d the main ttasks of thee headquarters are:
orate is in Brratislava and
- capacityy building
- improveement the p professional skills and eexperience o
of staff
- office teechnical equ
uipment
- preparation of guid delines
- appeal b body.

5.3. Tassks
onment perfforms activities in the ffields of:
The Slovak Inspectoratte of Enviro
- Waste mmanagement
- Water mmanagement
- Air proteection
- Nature and landscapee protection

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- Integrateed pollution prevention aand control –– authorizingg body
- Biosafetyy.

5.4. Stru
ucture
The Slovakk Inspectoraate of Envirronment coonsists of a headquarters with fo
our regionall offices. Th
he
total staff nnumber wo orking at Sloovak Inspecttorate of En nvironment is approxim mately 221. The numbeer
of inspectioons carried out in the last year is 3.397 with an averagee number o of permits isssued of 452.
These num mbers show the total inspections aand permits for industrrial activitiess with IPPC installation ns.
Last year 22,66
2 % of the inspecttions showeed infringemments of th
he environm
mental perm
mit. The tottal
penalty of € 1.042.282 2 was issued. The biggest penalty was € 250 000, with tthe biggest penalty for a
landfill of €
€ 200.000.
6. The vissited installation
private company “FCC ZZohor, s.r.o
The operattor of the visited Landffill and pretrreatment pllant is the p o.”
(http://www
w.fcc‐group.eeu/en/Slovakkia/Home.html). FCC E Environmen nt in Slovaakia provid
des a broaad
spectrum oof waste sollutions for mmunicipalitiies, industrial, commerrcial and rettail customeers as well aas
domestic hhouseholds aand small trrade businesses.

FFig. 3: Overvie
ew of the instaallation area FFCC
The facilityy is located 2
26 km from Bratislava. The following installatiions are situ
uated in thee Zohor areaa:

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- Landfill for non‐hazardous waste;
- Landfill for hazardous waste.
Furthermore the Landfill provides:
A. Bio‐field:
- waste treatment plant for category "other” waste (biodegradable)
- operations of R12, R13
- crushing takes place on a mobile crushing plant ‐ mechanical treatment (sorting, crushing) of
municipal waste, including its components, from separate collection
- output waste is transported to the composting plant or into the incinerator waste disposal as a
fuel of high calorific value.
B. Solidification line:
- solidification of waste contaminated with organic substances or heavy metals
- operations of D9/D15, R12/R13
- output waste is transported for co‐incineration or to the landfill.
C. Biodegradation field:
- aerobic degradation of pollution by application of microorganisms
- output waste is transported for recovery or to the landfill.
D. Storage of the hazardous waste and collection of electrowaste
E. Hall of secondary raw material
F. Mobile Recovery Instalation
G. Area for collecting glass and plastics.
7. Results of the meeting: Day 1
The meeting started with a short introduction of participants with a special attention to the
participant of Norway who was new to this landfill project. After the introduction of participants the
day commenced with a brief introduction to the goals of the project by Romano Ruggeri (project
leader) about the agenda, IMPEL and the Landfill project itself. Furthermore Romano talked about the
dissemination of documents and the translation in each of the participants’ mother tongue languages
of the abstract of the project. This translation has been done by most of the participating countries.
Peter Šimurka welcomed the participants and gave a presentation of the Slovak Environmental
Inspectorate, Landfill, pretreatment of waste, inspection and infrastructure in the Slovak republic. His
presentation was followed by Marián Strýček who explained how the new waste act will reduce
landfilling. In 2012 the new government was installed and a decision taken to create a modern and
dynamic act on waste. Between 2013 and 2015 the new act was realized and from January 1st 2016
the new act on waste Nr. 79/2015 Z.z. is implemented. The challenges for the near future are:
- Changing of behaviour – people and policy maker

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By moving from landfilling and discussion about higher landfill fees; today is no space and time
for compromises – later, more painfull for all;
From linear to circular.
- Target for 2020 – recycling rate of MW – 50 % from generated MW
- Using of alternatives in charging with mixed MW – production of Solid alternative fuels
- Responsibility of all players – mainly PRO – be environmental and not speculative how to use “grey
areas“ in act
- Application amendment, Big amendment of act on waste
- Further heading of waste management in SR
- Action plan for circular economy
- Internal and external cooperation of all responsible policy makers.
Later on, Monika Medovičová explained the pretreatment situation in the country.

Fig.4: Discussion in the Slovak Environmental Service Bratislava
These introductory presentations were followed by the results of the Subgroups:
Subgroup 1: Checklist for inspectors about Municipal Solid Waste treatment before landfilling
Subgroup 2: Checklist for inspectors about industrial Waste treatment before landfilling

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Subgroup 3: BAT’s and Procedures for pretreatment of waste before landfilling.
7.1 Group 1: Checklist for inspectors about Municipal Solid Waste treatment before landfilling
Reference leader: Jana Miklavcic (Slovenia)
Deliverable: checklist
Key points of presentation:
The members of subgroup‐1 do not as yet agree on the template of the checklist. The subgroup will
concentrate on the content first and then fit the results into the template. The subgroup expect that
this final step will follow soon.

7.2 Group 2: Checklist for inspectors about industrial Waste treatment before landfilling
Reference leader: Claire O’Neill (Northern Ireland)
Deliverable: checklist
The subgroup worked on the checklist on treatment of industrial waste before landfilling. The origin
and definition of industrial waste was set.
Furthermore assessing industrial waste in compliance with the landfill pretreatment requirements is
set in a flow diagram. Specifications and description of the different choices and steps followed will
follow.

7.3 Group 3: BAT’s and Procedures for pretreatment of waste before landfilling
Reference leader: Paul Corrigan (Scotland)
Deliverable: Overview of BAT and procedure for pre treatment.
First analysis of procedure/BAT/criteria
Chapter 5 of the document on pretreatment to be produced by the subgroup members concerns the
general procedure to evaluate the need for treatment before landfilling as written in Article 6 of the
Landfill Directive. The Landfill Directive defines treatment as:
“The physical, thermal, chemical or biological processes, including sorting, that change the
characteristics of waste in order to reduce its volume or hazardous nature, facilitate its handling or
enhance recovery”.
This requirement can be broken down into a ‘three‐point test’, against which the proposed treatment
option can be assessed. The Environment Agency Guidance is useful guidance.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treatment‐of‐waste‐for‐landfill
In short the ‘three‐point test’ consists of the following steps:

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Chapter 6 o of the docuument on prretreatment concerns the treatmeent of wastte before landfilling witth
ment of municipal wastte (MSW) iss as follows:
special atteention to criteria and teechnologiess. The treatm

Fig.5
5: Treatment o
of MSW
MBT is usu

ually design
ned to reco he organic fraction of the residual
over materiials and to stabilise th
waste. The practical addvantages o of MBT plan
nts are, abovve all, the reeduction of::
umes of wasste;
- the volu
- the orgaanic matter content of the waste, which are ssent to finall disposal (laandfill or inccineration).
Thermal trreatment. TThis includees incinerattion, usually with eneergy recoveery and preeferably at a
combined heat and po ower (CHP) facility. It aalso includees pyrolysis and gasification. The ttechnology is
usually refferred to ass energy‐fro
om‐waste (EfW); altho ough other processes ssuch as burning refuse‐
derived fueel (RDF) from m mechaniccal biologicaal treatmentt, are also sometimes rreferred to aas EfW.
Other typees of treatm naerobic diggestion (AD) and therm

ment like an mal desorpttion (TD) wiill be workeed
out in exammples of beest availablee techniques. Furtherm more the existing criterria to determ mine when a
waste is treeated i.e. sttabilisation o wastes, testt methods tto assist opeerators to determine th
of residual w he
effectiveneess of treatm ment will bee included inn the final d
document.

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Challenges to work on
n:
- Deal witth procedurres for differrent waste sstreams.
- Criteria in differentt Member Sttates for waaste as conssidered pre‐‐treated.
- Waste aas considereed treated w with 19 codee; check if itt has been ttreated in a proper wayy, as stated in
the landdfill directivee.
- Problemm of mixing o of waste.
- Making waste inertt.
- Kind of ttreatment (chemical treatment).
- Less guidance for in ndustrial waaste.
- Residue is landfilleed, a proper treatmeent is difficcult to reco
ognize, especially wheen mixing o
of
hazardoous and non‐hazardous waste is ap pplied.
Fly ash regulations and
d guidance ccan be addeed to this to
opic.

7.4 Presentations preetreatment of waste in
n a few EU countries
Six inspectoors kept thee project grooup up to d presentation of the treatment of w
date with a p waste in theeir
country.
- Monica:: (installatioon to be visitted the follo
owing day).
- Maria: p pretreatmen n the region of La Rioja. There is one facility fo
nt of differeent streams of waste in or
urban wwaste treatm ment in the region, locaated near Loogroño, approximately 12 km from m the capitall.
The insttallation com
mprises of the followingg treatmentt lines and ccapacity of d
design:

ment installatiion in La Riojaa (Spain)
Fig.6: Waste treatm
Furthermore a line for

f bio‐wasste is recoggnized. Hou
usehold and
d industrial non hazaardous wastte
without tessting is land
dfilled after treatment.

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- Jana: prresentation on the Slo
ovenian situ
uation. 212 municipalitties, waste collection ccontainer fo
or
every 50 00 inhabitannts.
- Franz: presentation n of “Waste incineration fly/bottom m ash treatm ment beforee landfillingg”.
Vienna h has differen due and waaste treatmeent plants and a landfill.
nt sorting, trreatment off waste resid
From thhe yearly prroduction o
of approxim
mately 600.0000 tons, a residue of approximaately 200.00 00
tons off waste in ncineration residues (ashes/slags) is creatted. Togetther with this residu ue
approxim mately 210..000 tons arre landfilledd.

Austria
Fig.7: MWIP Fly/Bottom ash trreatment in A
Landfill (reesidual wastte landfill class ‐ accord Ordinance 2008 ) only ccontains:
d. to Austriaan Landfill O
Ashes &
& slags ‐ stabilised material (“slagg concrete““) to build laandfill walls..
Ashes &
& slags ‐ no
ot stabilised
d for core filling.
The advanttage of cement‐stabilised retainingg walls in a landfill are:
Decrease leachingg of waste incineration residue ‐ h

hazardous ccontent is cchemically b
bound in geel‐
ment matrixx.
like cem
Maximu um amountt of storage..
Improvving slope sttability.
Gas‐prooof landfill ccover.

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- Luca Paradisi: presented two presentations.
1. Acid Neutralisation Capacity (ANC) evaluation to assess stable non‐reactive waste: a proposal for a
common procedure.
It is recognized that the pH has an influence on the long term leaching behaviour in a landfill. The ANC
is the buffering capacity of a leachate system. This means the alkalinity in the liquid phase and acid
neutralization capacity in a solid phase. The mineralogy of waste determines the ANC. This means that
depending on pH several mineralogical compounds contribute to the ANC property of a waste.
In order to measure the ANC, it is necessary to set a standard in which two types could be
distinguished: Dynamic ANC (leachable alkalinity) and Static ANC (residual alkalinity). A proposal for a
common procedure, derived from experiments in order to measure the ANC, was introduced during
the presentation.
2. Stabilization/immobilization processes: general treatment requirements and permitted premixing

of waste in relationship with BAT and in compliance with “no dilution” rule of Directive 1999/31/EC.
During the presentation the following open questions regarding the process of stabilization /
Immobilization before landfilling were explained:
Wat is the goal for this pretreatment option? For example stabilisation and/or Immobilization of
pollutants for hazardous / non‐hazardous waste. Solidification might also be an option.
What’s the optimal treatment option?
‐ The critical pollutant to be treated
‐ The objective of the treatment
Monowaste versus mixed‐waste treatment?
Mono waste streams
‐ Possible if we have a great amount of a specific waste otherwise uneconomical
‐ A waste could be contaminated by different pollutants (ex. Ni and Mo)
Mixed waste streams.
What’ s the correct European waste code to apply to the stabilized/immobilized waste?
Proposal of a common procedure:

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Fiig.8: Stabilizattion/immobilization processses

- Ivan Puššić: “Pretreaatment of M
MSW and Ind
dustrial wasste in Croatiia”.
By 1 Januaary 2015 Reepublic of C

Croatia musst take meaasures via itts competen
nt authoritiies to ensure
separate collection off the follow
wing types o
of waste: w
waste paperr, waste meetals, wastee plastics annd
glass, electtric and elecctronic wastte, waste baatteries and d accumulattors, end‐off‐life vehiclees, end‐of‐liffe
tyres, wastte oils, textille and footwwear waste and medicaal waste.
The local seelf‐governm
ment unit is obliged to fulfill separrate collection of difficu
ult wastes, waste papeer,
waste metaals, waste gglass, waste plastics, waaste textiless and bulky m municipal wwaste.
The amoun nt of municiipal waste p
produced in Croatia in 2 2015 was 3886 kg per caapita, whichh is still loweer
than the European avverage of 50
02 kg. By jo
oining the EEuropean Union,
U the Republic
R of Croatia toook
over certain restrictionns on wastee disposal. TTo help imp prove the state of envirronment an nd fulfill aimms,
it is importtant to provide separate waste collection.
In Croatia, 13 waste m
management centres wwill be built. The first 2, Marišćina aand Kaštijun
n are finisheed
and 11 remmaining shou
uld be comp
pleted by th
he end of 20 022.
At this stagge, waste th
hat is hazard
dous and m
must be incin
nerated, is sent to Ausstria, Germaany or Francce
(Grenoble).
- Monika Medovičovvá: “presentation of thee landfill and
d pretreatm
ment plant to
o be visited”.
The main ggoal of this inspection is to simulaate an inspeection based on the peermit and th

he suggesteed
checklist fo
or a proper iinspection, from the Riiga‐meetingg.

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Besides this aspect the goal of this inspection was also to verify the compliance with the Malagrotta
rules and the provisions laid down in Slovakian Landfill Regulation and in the Landfill permit.
The selection of the items of the permit to be inspected presented by Monika Medovičová was shared
and discussed with the group.
8. Results of the meeting: Day 2
The second day kicked started with the trip to the landfill to perform the simulated site inspection of
the landfill, and site visit of the landfill and pre‐treatment installations. On arrival at the landfill the
operator had welcomed the inspection group and a brief meeting was held in their boardroom where
a presentation regarding the landfill and different installations on site was given.
The Zohor facility provides the infrastructure below both for waste treatment and disposal and
treatment of the resulting “material” from their own waste management activity:
- The sorting line
- Shredding
- RDF
- Biodegradation
- Solidification
- Landfill
- Composting plant
- Leachate treatment plant
- Biogas management plant.
When the presentation and overview of the landfill and sorting installations were finalised, the site

visit started and this included the landfill as a whole and pretreatment installations.
The Waste Pre‐treatment Centre (WPC) is the place of the Zohor installation where the mixed
municipal wastes are subjected to mechanical treatment. The different fractions resulting from the
treatment provided in this Centre go to another plant of this installation, namely:
- BIO waste fraction (follow to compost plant);
- Metal (follow to recycling);
- Recycled raw materials (follow to sorting line);
- Useless fraction (deposited on landfill);
- Material for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) production.

22

Fig.9: Project group during the inspection visit
All the management and technical aspects related to the above mentioned topics were checked. At
the end of the visit, the Zohor manager answered all the questions from the inspection group, giving
them a copy of some of the requested documents.
It was not possible to inspect one of the waste streams selected, the 19 08 99 waste, because they did
not receive this type of waste during the last 5‐7 years. Accordingly, it was decided to inspect along
with the 20 03 01 code waste, the input waste classified with 10 11 03 – glass fibres code instead of
the wastes classified with 19 08 99 code. Unfortunately, the duration of the visit was not enough to
verify all the inspection items as was planned.
After returning to the Slovak Environment office the conclusions and further steps were discussed.

23

Fig.10: Inspection simulation in the Landfill meeting room
9. Conclusions and further steps
The following conclusions regarding the landfill and pre‐treatment plant were taken:
Strengths:
- Collaborative young and competent managers
- Good divisions of roles
- Good English speaking
- Good management and control of the installation
- Reverse osmosis leachate and rainwater treatment
- Biogas for energy production
- RDF is diverted to a cement factory to be burnt
Weaknesses:
- Lack of transparency; information open to the public
- HW and NHW landfills in the same area
- Capacity of mechanical treatment is undersized: waste are landfilled without pretreatment

24
- Storages of input/output waste to the lining plant are not protected from wind action; too much
waste stored
- Biological waste fraction coming from lining plant is not treated
- Declassification is assessed based on leachate values
- Lack of signpost (EWC, additives...)
- Storage of waste not properly organised (WEEE ecc) – it is not a IPPC section
- Not possible to check the waste entering the plant with the camera at the weighbridge (trucks are
closed)
- Lack of instructions about emergency situations around the plant
- Transposition of Landfill Directive?
- Basic characterization seems to be not complete (should be a written report + lab analysis)
- Water management
- No coverage of the waste at the solidification plant.
Inspection procedure in the Slovak Republic
- Visit doesn’t finish with a signed (operator + inspectors) minute of the inspection
- Inspectors are also the permit writers and therefore they can amend the permit according to the
results of the inspection
- Different plants in the same installations can have a different permit
- Inspectors give fines
- Inspection focus on some aspects of the permit (partial and incomplete inspection)
- No checklist is drafted in advance
- Final inspection reports are made public (on the website).
Organization of the visit
- Lack of time to have a deep look at all the sections of the plant; couldn’t split in groups
- Inspection was performed too quickly because of the time
- Define a referent of the inspection leading the inspection, allowed to ask question
- In the middle between site visit and simulation
- No time for preparation, and the group was too big for inspection simulation
Focus for the ToR 2018
- Ongoing training program for inspectors
- Include sampling of waste in the training
- Training including real landfill inspection
- Merging of Guidance book with final report on pretreatment.
- Focus on pretreatment
- Attention for EoW and byproduct.
1st suggestion, a 3 year project:

25
- On going training programme: pretreatment/landfill: audit and prepare together (use IED method).
Sampling and joint inspections
- Pretreatment
- EoW
- By‐products.
2nd suggestion, a 1 year project
- Pretreatment of (industrial) waste (improve the final report) + real joint inspections

The following deadlines were agreed on:
1. Report of the meeting written by Stuart approximately on the 21st of July.
2. Article for the Impel news letter written by Alvin and delivered on the 31st of July.
3. Skype meetings to be held with reference leaders and Romano by July 31st
4. Report of inspection, written by Sigrid and delivered approximately on the 6th of August.
5. Work of the subgroups to be delivered by September 1st.
6. Final version of the report on the 30th of September 2017.
7. Those countries that have not submitted yet the pre‐treatment survey:
Action for: Luca, Alvin, Sigrid, Jana and Franz. This includes also the translation of the abstract.

Suggestions for the 3rd meeting
1. In case we could save some extra money, a 3rd meeting to a cheap destination might be possible.
2. In case no extra money could be arranged a visit by a small delegation to discuss the items with the
EU‐commission is possible.
The option to be chosen will be discussed on Basecamp.

26

Annexes

Annex I. Presentations
- Pag.1: IMPEL Landfill presentation Bratislava (Romano Ruggeri)
- Pag. 33: Slovak Inspectorate of Environmental (Peter Šimurka)
- Pag. 52: How the new act on waste will reduce landfilling (Marián Strýček)
- Pag. 73: Pretreatment situation in the Slovak Republic (Monika Medovičová)
- Pag. 91: Results Group 2 (Kalvis Avotiņš)
- Pag. 97: Results Group 3 (Paul Corrigan)
- Pag. 107: Pretreatment of different streams of waste La Rioja ‐ Spain (Maria Mallada)
- Pag. 139: Waste incineration fly/bottom ash treatment before landfilling ‐ Austria (Franz Waldner)
- Pag. 161: Stabilization/immobilization process (Luca Paradisi)
- Pag. 175: Pretreatment of MSW and Industrial waste in Croatia (Ivan Pušić)
- Pag. 193: Acid Neutralisation Capacity evaluation to assess stable non reactive waste (Luca Paradisi)
- Pag. 213: General information FCC Zohor, s.r.o. (Monika Medovičová)
- Pag. 219: General and specific information on the landfill ,,FCC Zohor Plant” (Margaréta Nôtová)
- Pag. 227: FCC Zohor plant – IPPC permits (Margaréta Nôtová)
Annex II. Report of the inspection

27
IMPEL Landfill Project
Achieved outcomes and goals
Romano Ruggeri
Bratislava 27-28/06/2017
What does IMPEL do?
 Support the development of good
practices with guidances and tools;
 Promote the exchange of information
and experience;
 Support and facilitate capacity
building and training of regulators;
 Carry out joint actions including
inspections;
 Provide feedback and advice on new
and existing EU environmental law.
Network of practitioners in the field of
permitting and enforcing environmental law
https://vimeo.com/177987738
35 Member countries – 50 Member
organisations
Landfill Project 2017: project team
ITALY Romano Ruggeri (PL), Luca Paradisi
AUSTRIA Franz Waldner
BELGIUM Freddy Noels
CROATIA Ivan Pusic
LATVIA Olita Smirnova, Kalvis Avotins
MALTA Alvin Spiteri De Bono
NETHERLANDS Wilfred Pieters, Stuart Gunput
NORWAY Sigrid Lund Drage
POLAND Anna Poplawska
PORTUGAL
18 Member States
Cristiana Gomes
ROMANIA
Almost 23 inspectors
Andreaa Husu
SPAIN
In 2017:
María Jesús Mallada
SLOVENIA
 Norway
Jana Miklavcic, Nevenka Žvokelj
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
 Slovak Rep.
Monika Kromerova, Monika Medovičová
SWEDEN
 Scotland
Nina Hansson
(UK) SCOTLAND
 Northern
Paul Corrigan
(UK) NORTHERN IRELAND
Ireland
Claire O'Neill
TURKEY Senay Arslan
Previous meetings:
joint inspections
and training
Zaandam (NL)
The Guidance book and checklist
Implementation gaps
The initial survey
Database of technical documents
Previous meetings
Joint inspections (kick off in
Cagliari 2011)
Training at the Environment
Agency England (Birmingham
2014)
Sampling of waste and
leachate (Wien 2015)
Sampling of groundwater
(Santiago 2015)
Landfill and pretreatment
(Malta 2016)
Landfill Project 2017: general goals
 Use of the checklist and Guidance (produced in previous years) to drive
joint inspection; update the document
 Learn from joint inspections(preparation and execution of the inspection,

landfill management) and focus on the assessment of pre-treatment of the
waste before landfilling
 Identification of good practices of pre-treatment of the waste before

landfilling; define an overview of the MS legislation
 Investigate possible links with TFS Waste cluster
 Cooperation (and helping each other) between IMPEL Member Countries

to work towards a consistent regulatory and enforcement regime
 Feedback to policy makers on the (effectiveness of) various approaches

and practices in the field of permitting and inspection of landfill sites in
IMPEL Member countries
Main topics of the Landfill Project 2017
Joint • Use of the Guidance

book
inspections • Use of the checklist
Pre • Situation in MS
• How to inspect
treatment • Criteria
Pre treatment of waste before landfilling
Substantive amounts of waste are
landfilled without pre-treatment.
1) Analysis of the framework of pre-
treatment of waste before
landfilling in MS; results of the
survey
2) Define deliverables:
Checklist for
inspectors
Guideline:
criteria for Implement
pretreatm ation gaps
ent
Legislation: Council Directive 1999/31
 Article 2 Definitions:
(h) "treatment" means the physical, thermal,
chemical or biological processes, including
sorting, that change the characteristics of the
waste in order to reduce its volume or hazardous
nature, facilitate its handling or enhance
recovery;
 Article 6: Waste to be accepted in the

different classes of landfill
(a) only waste that has been subject to treatment
is landfilled.
This provision may not apply to inert waste for
which treatment is not technically feasible, nor to
any other waste for which such treatment does not
contribute to the objectives of this Directive, as
set out in Article 1, by reducing the quantity of the
waste or the hazards to human health or the
environment.
Legislation: Council Decision 19/12/2002
 ANNEX: CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF WASTE AT
LANDFILLS
1. PROCEDURE FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF WASTE AT LANDFILLS
1.1.2. Fundamental requirements for basic characterisation of the waste
(c) Description of the waste treatment applied in compliance with Article 6(a) of
the Landfill Directive, or a statement of reasons why such treatment is not
considered necessary.
Legislation: Landfill Proposal
New Art. 5, 3f Landfill Directive:

 No Landfill of separately collected waste,
Art. 11(1) und Art. 22 WFD

 Plastic, Glass, Metal, Paper (and Biowaste)
New Art. 22 WFD:

 Obligation to separately collect biowaste
Malagrotta ruling
Judgment of the European Court of Justice
of 15 October 2014 in case C-323/13 (the
Malagrotta judgement).
 All waste capable of undergoing treatment is treated

 Most appropriate pre-treatment option is applied
 Adequate selection of waste streams (opposite to “upstream”
separate collection”)
 Stabilization of the organic fraction
Recital 8 of the CE Landfill proposal:

to prevent detrimental impacts on human health and the environment, while MS
should take all necessary measures to ensure that only waste that has been subject
to treatment is landfilled, compliance with such obligation should not lead to the
creation of overcapacities for the treatment of residual municipal waste.
MALAGROTTA FOLLOW-UP STUDY
• Identify the legal and operational
implications of Malagrotta ruling
• Investigate if the legal
frameworks of the Member States
ensured compliance with
Malagrotta ruling;
• Visits to up to five landfill sites in
the 18 Member States with the
highest landfilling rates :
• Recommendations to improve the
implementation of pre-treatment
requirements.
PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS
 Most Member States have correctly transposed the pre-treatment

provisions of the Landfill Directive;
 Substantive amounts of waste are landfilled without pre-treatment: lack of
waste management infrastructure in place to ensure compliance with pre-
treatment requirements;
 Visits to 82 landfill sites across the 18 Member States : ~ 60% of waste
landfilled has not undergone pre-treatment as required.
Pretreatment of waste: Guidelines
Italian Guidelines (ISPRA)
“Technical criteria to assess the need of a treatment of
waste before landfilling”
 EWC codes of wastes not accepted in landfills
 EWC codes of wastes subject to separate collection
 Mixed municipal waste and street-cleaning residues treatment criteria
 Mud wastes that need dehydration treatment process
 Biodegradable wastes treatment criteria (EWC codes)
 Organic matrix wastes – treatment criteria
 Stable non reactive waste – treatment criteria
 Packaging waste – treatment criteria
 Asbestos waste - treatment criteria
 Waste whose treatment has to be considered case by case
Swedish Guideline
 MSWI APC residues, including

fly ash (Municipal solid waste
incinerator)
 Shredder waste or residues

(fines, fluff)
 MSWI bottom ash
 Ashes from biomass

incineration (bioashes)
UK Guideline: the “three point test”
A treatment option for waste destined for landfill, must comply with the
definition of treatment. This involves a ‘three-point test’ against which
you must assess the proposed treatment option:
 1. It must be a physical, thermal,

chemical or biological process
including sorting.
 2. It must change the
characteristics of the waste; and
 3. It must do so in order to:
a. reduce its volume; or
b. reduce its hazardous nature; or
c. facilitate its handling; or
d. enhance its recovery.
What we did in 2017: SURVEY
 JANA MIKLAVCIC: Slovenia
 SENAY ARSLAN: Turkey
 JOANA SABINO, CRISTIANA GOMES: Portugal
 KALVIS AVOTIŅŠ: Latvia
 RONALD VAN TUNEN, WILFRED PIETERS :
Netherlands
 CLAIRE O'NEILL: Northern Ireland (UK)
 MARÍA_JESUS MALLADA, IÑAKI BERGARETXE :
Spain
 ROMANO RUGGERI: Italy
 PAUL CORRIGAN: Scotland (UK)
 ANDREAA MOISAN: Romania
 MONIKA MEDOVIČOVÁ: Slovak Republic
What we did in RIGA: subgroups
Subgroup 1: Checklist on landfill inspection to assess pretreatment of
mixed municipal waste
 REFERENT: Jana Miklavcic
 Nevenka Žvokelj , Anna Poplawska , Monika Medovičová , Ivan Pusic , Franz
Waldner , Sigrid Drage
Subgroup 2: Checklist on landfill inspection to assess pretreatment of

industrial waste
 REFERENT:Claire O'Neill
 Cristiana Gomes , Kalvis Avotins , Maria_Jesús Mallada
Subgroup 3: First analysis of procedure/BAT/criteria

 REFERENT: Paul Corrigan
 Andreaa Husu , Stuart Gunput , Wilfred Pieters , Alvin Spiteri De Bono ,
Senay Aslan
What we did in RIGA: Reports
Our goals in Bratislava and....at home!
Improve and
complete the Final
Report on pre
treatment: subgroups
Use of checklist in the

inspection; amend the
Guidance book
New ToR 2018; Third

meeting?
After the meeting…
Rapporteur
Referents for the inspection
New members: update the Guidance
Dissemination
Translation of the
Abstract
Guidance and
checklist: internal
spread
IMPEL website:
news
Website of the
Agency: circulate the
outcomes
To sum up our commitments:
1. Final Report on pre treatment
2. Update the Guidance on landfill inspection (new
checklist for pre treatment and new members
contribute)
3. Report of Bratislava meeting and Inspection report
4. Survey: missing contributes
5. Article of Bratislava meeting for IMPEL newsletter
6. New ToR 2018
7. Organization of the third meeting (budget?)
8. Abstract of the project: missing translations
Thank you!
Email: info@impel.eu
Website: www.impel.eu/projects/landfill-
inspections-project/
Slovak Inspectorate
of Environment
www.sizp.sk
Slovak Inspectorate of Environment is professional control
body of the Ministry of Environment
of the Slovak Republic
It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

• waste management
• water management
• air protection
• air protection
• nature and landscape protection

• air protection
• integrated pollution prevention and control –

authorizing body
• air protection
• integrated pollution prevention and control -

authorizing body
• biosafety
HEADQUARTES
HEADQUARTES
Regional Inspectorates
PLACE OF WORK OF REGIONAL INSPECTORATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Čadca
Námestovo
Kysucké Tvrdošín Stará Svidník
Bardejov
Bytča n.Mesto Ľubovňa
Považská Dolný Kubín Stropkov
Bystrica Kežmarok Medzilaborce
Sabinov
Púchov
Liptovský Poprad
Martin Ružomberok Mikuláš Levoča Humenné Snina
Ilava Prešov Vranov
Spišská n Topľou
Trenčín Turčianske Nová Ves
Teplice Brezno
Gelnica
Skalica Prievidza
Bánovce Sobrance
Myjava n.Bebravou BANSKÁ
BANSKÁ Rožňava Michalovce
Senica BYSTRICA Revúca KOŠICE
KOŠIE
Piešťany Partizánske
Žiar
nad Hronom
BYSTRICA
Detva Trebišov
Topoľčany Zvolen
Žarnovica Poltár
Malacky Trnava Hlohovec Banská
Zlaté
Moravce Štiavnica Rimavská
Sobota
Pezinok Nitra Lučenec
Krupina
Senec Galanta
Veľký Krtíš
Šaľa Levice
BRATISLAVA Nové Zámky

Dunajská
Streda
Komárno
Čadca
Námestovo
Bardejov
Sabinov
Púchov
Liptovský Poprad
Spišská n Topľou
Teplice Brezno
Gelnica
Skalica Prievidza
Bánovce Sobrance
Myjava n.Bebravou BANSKÁ Rožňava Michalovce
Senica Revúca KOŠICE
Žiar
nad Hronom
BYSTRICA
Detva Trebišov
Topoľčany Zvolen
Žarnovica Poltár
Zlaté
Sobota
Krupina
Senec Galanta
Veľký Krtíš
Šaľa Levice

Dunajská
Streda
Komárno
Čadca
Námestovo
Bardejov
Sabinov
Púchov
Liptovský Poprad
Spišská n Topľou
Teplice Brezno
Gelnica
Skalica Prievidza
Bánovce Sobrance
Myjava n.Bebravou BANSKÁ Rožňava Michalovce
Senica Revúca KOŠICE
Žiar
nad Hronom
BYSTRICA
Detva Trebišov
Topoľčany Zvolen
Žarnovica Poltár
Zlaté
Sobota
Krupina
Senec Galanta
Veľký Krtíš
Šaľa Levice

Dunajská
Streda
Komárno
Čadca
Námestovo
Bardejov
Sabinov
Púchov
Liptovský Poprad
Spišská n Topľou
Teplice Brezno
Gelnica
Skalica Prievidza
Bánovce Sobrance
Žiar
nad Hronom
BYSTRICA
Detva Trebišov
Topoľčany Zvolen
Žarnovica Poltár
Zlaté
Sobota
Krupina
Senec Galanta
Veľký Krtíš
Šaľa Levice

Dunajská
Streda
Komárno
Čadca
Námestovo
Bardejov
Sabinov
Púchov
Liptovský Poprad
Spišská n Topľou
Teplice Brezno
Gelnica
Skalica Prievidza
Bánovce Sobrance
Žiar
nad Hronom
BYSTRICA
Detva Trebišov
Topoľčany Zvolen
Žarnovica Poltár
Zlaté
Sobota
Krupina
Senec Galanta
Veľký Krtíš
Šaľa Levice

Dunajská
Streda
Komárno
Čadca
Námestovo
Bardejov
Sabinov
Púchov
Liptovský Poprad
Spišská n Topľou
Teplice Brezno
Gelnica
Skalica Prievidza
Bánovce Sobrance
KOŠICE
Žiar
nad Hronom
BYSTRICA
Detva Trebišov
Topoľčany Zvolen
Žarnovica Poltár
Zlaté
Sobota
Krupina
Senec Galanta
Veľký Krtíš
Šaľa Levice

Dunajská
Streda
Komárno
Headquarters main tasks
capacity building
improvement of staff professional skills and experience
office technical equipment
guidelines preparation
 appeal body
Staff – 221
Number of inspection – 3397
Violation – 22,66 %
Number of permits – 452
Total penalty – 1 042 282 eur
Biggest penalty – 250 000 eur - landfill
Biggest penalty – 200 000 eur - landfill

Thank you!
Ing. Peter Šimurka

Head Inspector
SLOVAK ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTORATE

Headquarters
IPPC Unit
Jeséniova 17D
831 01 Bratislava
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Tel.: +421 2 593 04 122
Mob.: +421 902 900 190
www.sizp.sk
How the new act on waste will
reduce landfilling
Ing. Marián Strýček
Odbor odpadového hospodárstva
Tel.: +421 2 59562273
Mob.: +421 905669237
E-mail: marian.strycek@enviro.gov.sk
Waste generation – MW + industrial (t)
12.000.000,00
10.563.398,06
10.284.418,11
9.859.021,12
10.000.000,00 9.533.898,81
9.062.413,98
8.671.310,46
8.000.000,00
6.000.000,00
4.000.000,00
2.000.000,00
0,00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Charging with generated waste (%)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Zhodnotenie Energetické zhodnotenie Spálenie bez využitia energie
Iný spôsob nakladania Iné zneškodnenie Skládkovanie
758
730
618
617
616
600
566
551
527
509
488
482
482
475
474
453
442
Municipal waste generation in EU (kg/cap.)
438
436
435
433
432
423
387
385
357
325
321
310
302
272
249
Recycling rate of municipal waste
70
60
2014 2010
50
40
30
20
10
0
Charging (Disposal) with municipal waste (%)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Materiálové zhodnotenie Energetické zhodnotenie Spálenie bez využitia energie
Iný spôsob nakladania Iné zneškodnenie Skládkovanie
20
40
60
80
0
100
120
140
160
180
Germany
Belgium
Sweden
Netherlands
Denmark
Austria
Luxembourg
France
Finland
United Kingdom
Ireland
Italy
Estonia
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Portugal
Spain
Hungary
Poland
Slovakia
Lithuania
Greece
Latvia
Landfilling fee vs. Ladnfilling rate (2012)
Malta
Av. 6 EUR/t
poplatky (Euro)
skládkování (%)
2030
Landfill plants in SR
Map of density of separate collected MW - 2013
11
Act on waste history

• Since 2001 to 2015 in force act Nr. 223/2001 Z.z. with more then 32
amendments
• Transposition of all Directives – expect PPWD, with more or less
transpositions deficits -> Infrigments
• PPWD – transposed in separate act Nr. 119/2009 Z.z.
• Lot of aplications problems, unmodern, long time not sustainable
system.
18. 9. 2017
12
Act on waste developing

• In 2012 new government
• Decission to create a new modern and dynamic act on waste
• 2013 – 2015 hard work on new act on waste
• Since 1.of january 2016 new act on waste Nr. 79/2015 Z.z. in force
18. 9. 2017
13
Main goals in Act on waste Nr. 79/2015 Z.z. –
the present time
1. Act includes transposition of all directives – incl. PPWD
1. Problem with amendments, you must open the whole act as a unit -> chance for
lobbyist
2. Aditional 6 regulations
3. Remove all oppened Pilots/infrigments
4. Moving of financiall responsibility for separate collection of PPW – paper,
glass, plastic, metal from municipality to Producers – aplication of EPR
1. Financially was the logistic of separate collection long time for municipalities not
sustainable.
2. Producer must invest 39 mil EUR in system of separate collection - > cost saving on
the site of minucipality
18. 9. 2017
14
the present time
1. Clear and detail defined criteria of EPR
2. Under EPR:
1. WEEE
2. B&A
3. Packaging and non packaging
4. Tyres
5. EoLV
3. Individual or collective – collective via Producer Responsibility Organisation – PRO
4. PRO/Individualist must have functional system for collecting, logistic and recovery of waste
stream
5. The system must be authorised – MoE.
6. Coordination center – no financial tool. Tool for municipality in case when the waste under EPR
is collected but not transported to next step – recovery – redistribution of responsibility for
financing and recovery, conected with targets.
18. 9. 2017
15
the present time
Definition of Municipal waste:
Municipal waste is household waste generated in the territory of a municipality during the activities of natural
persons and waste of similar nature and composition originating from legal persons or sole traders, with the
exception of waste generated during the immediate performance of activities which constitute the subject of
business or activity of the legal person or sole trader, household waste is deemed to be waste from property
serving for the individual recreation of natural persons, such as gardens, cabins or cottages or serving for the
parking or storage of vehicles used for household purposes, especially garages, garage spaces and parking
spaces. Municipal waste also includes all waste generated in a municipality during the cleaning of public roads
and places which are in the property or in administration of the municipality, as well as for the care of public
greenery, including parks and cemeteries which are in the property or in administration of the municipality,
and other greenery on the properties of natural persons.
What is the reason:

- Municipal waste is only waste with code Nr. 20 01.
- Waste with code Nr. 15 01 is industrial or „waste generated during the immediate performance of activities
which constitute the subject of business or activity of the legal person or sole trader“ and compare with
other MS is not included in the statistic of generated MW.
18. 9. 2017
16
Conection - Act on waste 79/2015 Z.z. and
reducing of landfilling
Under EPR Responsibility
• Focus & Bans
• Focus on separate collection of:
• Paper packaging
• Plastic packaging
• Metal packaging
• Glass packaging
• WEEE
• B&A
from MW
Tyres (16 01 03) and EoLW (16 01 04)(are not declared as MW)
• Biodegradable waste Under Municipality
Responsibility
• C&D – Minor C&D
18. 9. 2017
17
• Focus & Bans
• Bans § 13 letter e):
• dispose of, by landfilling
• liquid waste,
• waste which, when landfilled, is explosive, corrosive, acidifying, highly flammable or flammable,
• healthcare and veterinary care waste, the catalogue number of which prior to processing is listed in
Annex 8; processing of and the consequent change in the catalogue number of such waste shall
have no effect on the prohibition of landfilling thereof,
• waste pneumatic tyres, except tyres used as construction material in the construction of a
landfill, bicycle tyres and tyres with an outer diameter greater than 1 400 mm,
• waste with a content of harmful substances exceeding the limit values of concentration of harmful
substances under Annex 5,
• separated biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste,
• separated components of municipal waste to which extended producer responsibility applies
with the exception of waste which cannot be recovered after final sorting,
• biodegradable municipal waste from gardens and parks, including biodegradable cemetery waste
with the exception of waste which cannot be recovered after final sorting,
18. 9. 2017
18
• Focus & Bans
• Symbiosis Focus & bans in the act on waste should decrease the landfilling.
SHOULD.....
• But the reality is in many cases elsewhere
• The cheapest kind of waste „treatment“ is disposal – 6 EUR/ton
• The inspection body have a strong controlling position acc. to act on waste,
but in reality is under staffed. (below required capacity)
• Penalty for breakdown of par. 13 – incl. letter e) – from 4 000 –
350 000 EUR
18. 9. 2017
19
Act on waste 79/2015 Z.z. & the future...

• Till 06/2017 – 3 amendments
• Actually we prepar s.c. „aplication amendment“
• In end of this year we should start the work on big amendment.....
18. 9. 2017
20
Challengies for SR in near future

• Changig of behaviour – people and policy maker
• By the moving from landfilling and discussion about higher landfill fees today is no
space and time for compromises – later, morepainfull for all
• From linear to circular
• Target for 2020 – recycling rate of MW – 50 % from generated MW
• Using of alternatives in charging with mixed MW – production of Solid
alternative fuels
• Responsibly manners of all players – mainly PRO – be environmental and
not speculativ how to use „grey areas“ in act
• Aplication amendment, Big amendment of act on waste
• Further heading of waste management in SR
• Action plan for circular economy
• Internal and external cooperation of all responsible policy makers
18. 9. 2017
21
Thank you for your

attention
WELCOME TO BRATISLAVA
SLOVAKIA
Population: 5 400 000 inhabitants
Area: 49 036 km2

Currently:
About 70% of mixed municipal waste is landfilled
About 30% of mixed municipal waste is recovered
In the year 2030
70% of mixed municipal waste should be recycled

5-10% should be landfilled
What should we do to achieve that?
„ACT n. 79/2015 on waste and on amendments to certain acts“
( by 1. January 2016 has entered into legal effect):
- Extended producer responsibility:
- for producer of batteries and accumulators,

- producer of packaging,
- producer of vehicles,
- producer of pneumatic tyres,
- producer of non-packaging products, which will form part of municipal
waste (plastic, paper, glass, multilayer combined paperboard-based
materials),
through „the organisation of producer responsibility“

Municipal obligation of separate collection

- paper,
- plastic
- glass
- metal
Minimal standards of collection per inhabitant (valid from 1.1.2017)
2017 2018 2019 from 2020

component
paper 60 l 170 l 280 l 390 l
glass 30 l 50 l 70 l 90 l
plastic 120 l 350 l 570 l 800 l
metal 10 l 50 l 80 l 110 l
Municipal obligation
(by 1. January 2016 has entered into legal effect):
§ 13 It shall be prohibited to
e) dispose of, by landfilling biodegradable municipal waste from gardens and

parks, including biodegradable cemetery waste with the exception of waste
which cannot be recovered after final sorting,
h) burn municipal waste in the open or in household heating systems

Composting in households or in composting plant
WHAT ABOUT PRE - TREATMENT
FOR MIXED MUNICIPAL WASTE (MMW)?
In Slovakia there are currently built 4 pre-treatment plants with the capacity of
200 000 t MMW. Out of these:
- 3 installations are in operation
- 1 installation has a long-term failure and is not operable
Two new installations with the capacity of 80 000 t are in the territorial and
construction proceedings
52 000 t of MMW was pre-treated in 2016.
4 CEMENT PLANTS:
- the capacity is in total about 300 000t of RDF/SRF
- in 2016 more than 280 000 t RDF/SRF was
energetically and materially recovered
SUMMARY
Citation from the document of the Joint Research Centre:
Best Available Techniques - Reference Document for Waste Treatment

(December 2015):
„By contrast to composting plants treating green waste and separately
collected bio-waste, the material treated in MBT plants may exhibit
a broad range of emissions (municipal waste). MBT exhaust gas may
contain fluorinated, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ammonia, mercury,
methane, N2O and other compounds.“
SUMMARY
1/ The best and most effective result for improving municipal waste
management is sorting at its source
2/ Only residual municipal waste should be pre - treated

Thank you for your attention
IMPEL
Checklist on treatment of
industrial waste before landfilling
27.06.2017.
Industrial waste -
• Wastes from the production process or construction
• Industrial waste refers to the solid, liquid and gaseous
emissions, residual and unwanted wastes from an industrial
operation
INDUSTRIAL WASTE – ASSESSING
COMPLIANCE WITH LANDFILL PRE-
TREATMENT REQUIREMENT
Thank you for your attention !
Results of Subgroup 3: First
analysis of
procedure/BAT/criteria
Paul Corrigan
Waste Specialist
Scottish Environment Protection Agency
Chapter 5
General procedure to evaluate the
need for treatment before landfilling
 Article 6 of the Landfill Directive

 Wastes must be treated if a treatment is
available which will reduce either the amount
of waste to be landfilled and/ or the hazards to
human health or the environment.
 This provision does not apply to inert waste
for which treatment is not technically feasible,
nor to any other waste for which such
treatment does not contribute to the
objectives of the Directive
 The Landfill Directive defines treatment as:
 ‘the physical, thermal, chemical or biological
processes, including sorting, that change the
characteristics of waste in order to reduce its
volume or hazardous nature, facilitate its
handling or enhance recovery’.
 This requirement can be broken down into a
‘three-point test’, against which the proposed
treatment option can be assessed.
 Environment Agency Guidance
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treatment-of-
waste-for-landfill
3 Point Test
 1. Process applied
You must determine whether one or more
physical, thermal, chemical or biological
is involved.
 2. Change characteristics
Examples include solubility, leachability,
biodegradability, combustibility, volatility,
chemical composition, physical form,
hazardousness,
homogeneity/heterogeneity.
 3. Outcome
 a. Reduce volume
 b. Reduce hazardous nature
 c. Facilitate handling
 d. Enhance recovery
Chapter 6
Treatment of waste before
landfilling: criteria and technologies
 Municipal waste
Source segregation – separate collections
Treatment at MRF – manual sorting, mechanical
treatment
Residual – MBT & Thermal Treatment
 MBT is usually designed to recover materials and to
stabilise the organic fraction of the residual waste. The
practical advantages of MBT plants are, above all, the
reduction of:
 - the volumes of waste;
 - the organic matter content of the waste,
which are sent to final disposal (landfill or
incineration).
 Thermal treatment. This includes incineration, usually
with energy recovery and preferably at a combined
heat and power (CHP) facility. It also includes pyrolysis
and gasification. The technology is usually referred to
as energy-from-waste (EfW); although other processes
such as burning refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from
mechanical biological treatment, are also sometimes
referred to as EfW.
Other Types of Treatment
 Anaerobic digestion (AD) - processes mixed

and shredded waste to produce useable gas
and a bio-organic residue
 Thermal desorption (TD) - technology that
utilises heat to volatilise contaminants so that
they can be removed (separated) from the
solid matrix
Existing criteria to determine when a
waste is treated
 Stabilisation of residual wastes intended to be

placed in a landfill means the reduction of the
decomposition properties of biowaste
 Test methods to assist operators in
demonstrating the effectiveness of any
treatment applied to residual BMW in respect
of the biodegradable component.
 Such methods will likely be based on waste
activity analysis such as respirometry, or the
equivalent.
Guidance
 http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/wt.html BREF
 http://www.epa.ie/pubs/advice/waste/municipalwaste/EPA_M
SW_Pre-Treatment_Guide_final%20Amended.pdf
 http://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/research/waste/STRIVE_22_P
rasaad_Compost_web.pdf Irish Guidance
 http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.naturvardsve
rket.se/ContentPages/113203539.pdf Nordic Guidance
 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treatment-of-
waste-for-landfill English Guidance & 3 point test
PRETREATMENT OF DIFFERENT STREAMS OF WASTE
Eduardo Rincón
Consorcio de Aguas y Residuos
María Jesús Mallada

Environmental Coordinator
Territory
Europe Spain
La Rioja
5.045 km2
321.710 inhabitants
174 municipalities
Diferences between valley
Valley and mountain zones
Mountain
Urban waste management
• According to Spanish law, municipalities are competent authorities in waste
management. Each municipality should ensure appropriate waste
management in their administrative territory.
• Small municipalities are not able to ensure apropiate waste management.
There are 131 municipalities with less than 500 inhabitants in La Rioja.
• Consortium for waste and water management, with participation of the
regional Government and the municipalities, was created in1998.
Río Tirón Municipalities and inhabitants
Río Ebro
Number Size % s/itotal inhabitant
Río Oja
1 > 100.000 hab. 47,3%

Río Najerilla
1 20.000 - 100.000 hab. 7,7%
Río Jubera
2 10.000 - 20.000 hab. 8,3%
5 5.000 - 10.000 hab. 12,3%
Río Leza Río Cidacos
Río Iregua 12 2.000 - 5.000 hab. 11,2%
Río Alhama
8 1.000 - 2.000 hab. 3,4%
14 500 - 1.000 hab. 3,2%
Río Linares
77 100 - 500 hab. 5,8%
54 < 100 hab. 0,8%
Waste streams
• Municipal waste. High content of organic matter
– Glass and paper are collected separately and are reuse to obtain recycled
paper and new bottles of glass
– Packaging waste and rest of urban waste is treatred.
– Big size waste
– Special waste, hazardous waste like batteries, electrical and electronic waste.
• Waste from industrial food proccesing

• Industrial waste. Low content of organic matter.
• Construction and demolition waste.
• Other streams. Plastics from agriculture
MUNICIPAL WASTE
TREATMENT
Ecoparque de La Rioja
Location
• Only one facitity for urban waste treatment in the region. Located near Logroño
(aproximately 12 km from the capital)
• It began to work in 2007
62 km
64 km
72 km
84 km
72 km
51 km
98 km
Objective
• Ensure compliance of European Acquis
− Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April on the landfill of waste
− 2016. Reduction of biodegradable municipal waste to 35%
of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable municipal
waste produced in 1995.
− Directive 2004/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 11 February 2004 amending Directive 94/62/EC on
packaging ang packcaging waste. Amended by COMMISION
DIRECTIVE 2013/2/UE of 7 February 2013 Directive
2012/19/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLAMENT AND THE
COUNCIL of 4 july 2012 on waste electrical and electronical
equipment.
− Directive 2012/19/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLAMENT AND
THE COUNCIL of 4 july 2012 on waste electrical and
electronical equipment.
Treatment lines and capacity of design
Treatment line Capacity of design
Mechanical pretreatment,
sorting line:
Grey line 130.000 t/year
(green container)
Biological treatment:
75.000 t año
Yellow line Mechanical treatment

(packaging waste) 10.000 t/year
Large waste line

Manual Sorting
(furniture, electrical and
3.000 t/year
electronical equipment)
Zones
Preatreatment Biomethanation Compost
Raw material selection and bio-waste Biogas and Electricity
fraction
Visitors Center.
Environmental educational area
Yellow line
Packaging waste
Yellow line diagram
FLAT Press
l
Hand Bags Leaning Hand Useless
kaging waste Induction Magnet
Separation opening ramps Separation rest
Metal
ROLLING Sieve Al Fe
Big size Press
Film Magnet
Flat
Brick PE HDPE Mix Paper
Optical
PE
Opti cal
HDPE
Optical
Mix
Suction of film Film

Leaning ramp. Separate fractions depending on weight, shape and
density. Three fractions: flat materials, rolling materials and rest
fraction.
Optical equipments
Grey line
Municipal waste
Grey line diagram
Manual Trommel Trommel Manual sorting Useless
URBAN WASTE UP
Sorting d<90 malla 200x250 Line 1 Rest
DOWN DOWN
Big size Manual sorting
Press
Line 2
Glass
Flat
Film
Leaning
ramps
Paper
Brick Paper PE HDPE Mix
Rest
Rolling Flat
Fe Al Sieve
Magnet Metal
Press Induction Optical Optical Opti cal Useless
Mix Plastic PE HDPE Rest
Induction
Trommel
Mill
d<50 Suction of film Film
Bio waste
fraction
Reception area. Trench
Trommels
Leaning ramp
Optical equipments
Bio-waste diagram
Electricity Dishumidification
Electricity
generation Biogas
Bio waste
material
Heat
Biogas
Leaning
ramps
Hooper Mixer Digestor Useless
Digested
Useless Press Sludge Composting Refine
straw Water
Compost
Water Centrifuge Sludge

Waste water
Treatment plant
Digestor
Cogeneration motor. Generate electricity
Compost area
Refine area
Waste streams and landfilling
• Urban waste.
• Industrial waste
Waste Service Management
Urban Waste. Najera landfill. Organic non – hazardous waste

without testing
Gas management
Industrial Waste. Pretreatment plant. Hilario landfill.

Industrial Waste. Hilario landfill. Low organic content, non –

hazardous waste without testing
Industrial Waste. Hervias Landfill.
Separatelly collected before Wood for recovery, separated without

landfilling a pretreatment plant
Industrial Waste. Hervias Landfill. Low organic content, non –

hazardous waste without testing
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Waste incineration fly/bottom ash
treatment before landfilling
Vienna Waste Collection (Municip. Dept. MA48)
Peter BRANDSTÄTTER – MA48

Franz WALDNER – BMLFUW V/6 (EN version)
Waste management in Vienna
Waste treatment plants in Vienna
‘‘Rinterzelt“ Plastics sorting plant Ashes/Slags

Waste treatment plant Composting plant
until 2017 treatment plant
‘‘Lobau“
(Rinterzelt) (Rinterzelt)
Biogas Fermentation plant 3 Waste incineration ‘‘Rautenweg‘‘ Landfill

Pfaffenau plants
MSW – treatment
~ 600.000 tons/year
MWIP Flötzersteig (1963) MWIP Spittelau (1971) MWIP Pfaffenau Fluidized bed furnace #4
(2008) (2002)
Incineration residues
stabilised, conditioned, loose
~ 200.000 t/y ~ 210.000 t/y
Waste incineration
residues
(ashes/slags)
Treatment plant (1994, 2008) Rautenweg Landfill (1961)
Waste incineration residues
Ashes & Slags generated from waste incineration
from 1 ton of MSW

Municipal waste incineration plants (MWIP) I – III:
approx. 25% Bottom Ash = 246 kgs
approx. 2% Fly Ash = 17 kgs
• MWIP I Flötzersteig
• MWIP II Spittelau
• MWIP III Pfaffenau
• Fluidized Bed Incinerators (WSO) 1-4 (# 1-3 Sewage sludge only)
• Rotating Kilns (DRO) 1-2 (Hazardous waste incineration only)
Waste incineration residues
(pre-)treatment options
Stabilised Ashes & Slags („slag concrete“)
Prescription according to technical standards defined in ‚ ‘Landfill
Ordinance 2008“
contents: mixed slags metal free (MWIP, rotating kilns
1&2)
filter ashes (MWIPs, fluid bed Furnaces 1-3)
cement, sand, water
Conditioning (slags & ashes )
Ash-slag mixture only water conditioned (no chemical binding)
contents: metal free ashes/slags mixture (from MWIP +
Rotating kilns 1-2, Fl. bed Furnaces 1-3), water
Slags (loose)
Metal free slags landfilled at ‘‘Rautenweg“ – no chemical binding
Waste incineration ashes & slag treatment plant
Bottom ash delivery Stangenrost (Stabweite 250 mm)

Loading station Sieving plant (50 mm)

Sieving residue 50 mm – 250 mm Star-shaped sieve (10 mm)
To residual waste
landfill
Crusher
Sieving plant - 4 mm & 6 mm

Metals separation plant Separation of non-ferrous

metals
Bottom ash treatment plant
iron scrap / non-ferrous metal scrap Fly/bottom ash - cement

mixing plant
‘‘Rautenweg“ Landfill
Rautenweg Landfill (residual waste landfill class - accord. to Austrian

Landfill Ordinance 2008 ) only contains
• Ashes & slags - stabilised material („slag concrete“) to build

landfill walls
• Ashes & slags - not stabilised for core filling

Retaining wall
Advantage of cement-stabilised retaining walls
• decrease leaching of waste incineration residue - hazardous

content is chemically bound in gel-like cement matrix
• maximum amount of storage
• Improving slope stability
• gas-proof landfill cover

slag concrete retaining wall – system cross section
Landfill wall construction

Wall construction Compacting

… and finally a goat pasture
Stabilization/immobilization process:
general treatment requirements and
allowed premixing of waste in
relationship with BAT and in
compliance with “no dilution” rule of
Directive 1999/31/EC
Dr. Luca Paradisi

VENETO REGION - ITALY EPA (ARPAV) – Regional Observatory on Waste
Bratislava (SK), 27th June 2017
IMPEL: European Union Network for the Implementation and

Enforcement of Environmental Law
Stabilisation/Immobilisation process before
landfilling: some open questions
 Which goal for this pretreatment option?
 What’s the optimal treatment option?
 Monowaste versus mixed-waste

treatment?
 What’ s the correct European waste code
to apply to the stabilized/immobilized
waste?
What goal for this pretreatment?
A. Stabilisation of hazardous waste
DEC 2014/955/EU definitions :

“stabilisation means processes which change the
hazardousness of the constituents in the waste and transform
hazardous waste into non-hazardous waste”
“partly stabilised wastes means wastes containing, after the

stabilisation process, hazardous constituents which have not
been changed completely into non-hazardous constituents
and could be released into the environment in the short,
middle or long term.”
Examples:
Ni compounds (NiO2): quite unstabilisable, more than
140 compounds are labelled as carcinogenic (HP7) in
CLP (Reg. 1272/2012)
Zinc oxide (ZnO) HAZARDOUS increasing pH (for ex.

adding CaO) Zn(OH)2 NOT HAZARDOUS
• is the reaction complete in a solid phase?

• is the stabilised compounds homogeneously distributed
within the mass?
• Geochemical survey necessary (XRD, SEM, EXAFS …)
B. Immobilization of pollutants for hazardous
waste/non hazardous waste…
For waste which leachate

doesn’t complee with WAC DEC 33/2003/CE
(also using 3 factor rule)
- Transformation into insoluble compounds

- Immobilization by an inorganic binder (cement…)
C. Solidification
DEC 2014/955/EU definitions
“solidification means processes which only change the physical state of the
waste by using additives without changing the chemical properties of the
waste”
• Sludge (too wet)

liquid
Solid/monolithic waste
• Ashes (too dry)
dusty - Higher percentage of cement (BAT)
- Geotechnical requirements (BAT)…
What’s the optimum treatment option?
It depends on :
1. The critic pollutant to be treated

2. The objective of the treatment
Examples:
Stabilisation: not possible
Ni Immobilisation: is possible
(adding CaO to increase pH)
Stabilisation: is possible producing Zn(OH)2

ZnO Immobilisation: is possible
Stabilisation: is possible by reduction to

Cr6+ CrIII using FeSO4, thereafter Cr(OH)3
Immobilisation: is possible
Examples:
Immobilisation: is not possible
TDS/Cl only removing by washing is possible
Immobilisation: is possible using organic binders

DOC or removing by chemical oxidation (?) or thermal
desorption
Specific chemical reactions to

Mo immobilize to achieve an unsolvable
molybdate
Monowaste versus mixed-waste treatment
Monowaste treatment
• Possible if we have a great amount of a
specific waste otherwise uneconomical
• A waste could be contaminated by
different pollutants (ex. Ni and Mo) ???
or
Mixed-waste treatment?
Attention on Art. 7
DIR 1999/31/CE:
no dilution rule
Yes, but if wastes are suitable

for the same treatment chemical mixture!!!!!!!
Monowaste versus mixed-waste treatment
How to do? 1. Complete basic
characterization/Check list
- Which are the critical pollutants?
- Which is the goal of the treatment?
- Which chemicals has to be added?
2. Waste mixture check – list

-The critical pollutants are the same?
- The chemical to be added are the same?
- I’ve to use the maximum chemicals
quantity request from the worse waste
3. Not allowed waste in the mixture check – list

- Wastes which already complie with WAC (dilution!!!)
- Waste for which no specific chemicals are added
What’ s the correct European waste code to
apply to the stabilized/immobilized waste?
Proposal of a common procedure:
fully stabilized LANDFILL
HAZARDOUS WASTE 190305 FOR NHW
solidified Not LANDFILL
partially stabilized 190304*
SNR FOR HW
190307*
Stable Non Reactive:
-TOC < 5% LANDFILL
190306
- pH > 6 FOR NHW
- ANC: to be evaluated
solidified - geotechnical stability
Full immobilizated
NON HAZARDOUS Not Full
WASTE immobilizated 190206
What is Veneto Region EPA doing now about?
• Reviewing permits rules in agreement with regional
authority
• Reviewing Monitoring and check programm
• Degree work in partnership with University of
Padua – Department of Geochemistry: improving a
stabilisation/immobilisation full scale process using
geochemical survey, ANC evaluation, chemical
analysis
Thank you for the attention!
IMPEL
“Reinforcement Programme on Inspection Skills according to
Landfill Sites and pre-treatment plants in IMPEL Member
countries 2017; 3 joint inspections”
Pretreatment of MSW and

Industrial waste in Croatia
Bratislava, 27th and 28th of June 2017
Ministry of Environment and Energy
Ivan Pušić, senior environmental protection inspector

Environmental Protection and
Energy Efficiency Fund Croatian Environment Agency
In accordance with the provisions
of the Environmental Protection
Act, the Fund is established for Croatian Environment Agency is
the purpose of securing an independent public institution
additional resources for the established by a decision of the
financing of projects, government of the Republic of
programmes and similar activities
in the field of conservation, Croatia to collect, integrate, and
sustainable use, protection and process environmental data.
improvement of the
environment.
Central authorities for implementing environmental
management and protection policy in Croatia
(Coordinating role)
Strategy of Waste Management in the Republic of Croatia
(OG No. 130/05)
Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for 2007-
2015 (OG No. 85/07,126/10, 31/11)
Decision on the adoption of the Waste management plan of the
Republic of Croatia for the period 2017-2022
(OG No. 3/17)
Act on Sustainable Waste Management
(OG No. 94/13)
Waste management priority order
According to the waste

management hierarchy priority
is the prevention and/or
reduction of waste generation,
followed by preparation for re-
use, then recycling and other
methods of recovery, while the
disposal of waste, which
includes landfilling, is the least
desirable method of waste
management.
Waste separation
Separate collection is the collection of waste in a way that a waste
stream is kept separate by type and nature so as to facilitate treatment
and preserve the valuable properties of waste.
By 1 January 2015 Republic of Croatia must take measures via its
competent authorities to ensure separate collection of the following
types of waste: waste paper, waste metals, waste plastics and glass,
electric and electronic waste, waste batteries and accumulators, end-
of-life vehicles, end-of-life tyres, waste oils, textile and footwear waste
and medical waste.
The local self-government unit is obliged to fulfill separate collection
of difficult wastes, waste paper, waste metals, waste glass, waste
plastics, waste textiles and bulky municipal waste.
Municipal waste
The amount of municipal waste produced in Croatia in 2015 was

386 kg per capita, which is still lower than the European average
of 502 kg.
By joining the European Union, the Republic of Croatia took over
certain restrictions on waste disposal.
To help improve the state of environment and fulfill aims, it is
important to provide separate waste collection.
Municipal waste
Analysis of waste in Croatia show that annually municipal waste
generation is around 1,500,000 tons (386 kg/capita – year 2015).
The structure of mixed municipal waste was following (year 2015
- %):
 Metal 2,1 Wood 1,0
 Textile 3,7 Paper and carton 23,2
 Glass 3,7 Plastic 22,9
 Gum 0,2 Scrag 0,5
 Kitchen waste 30,9 Garden waste 5,7
 Others 6,3
 Total - 100
Municipal waste
Share of recovery/disposal of total waste (production and municipal) from the

territory of the Republic of Croatia in 2014 according to the loggers of the waste
operators (HAOP, 2016)
Municipal waste
Share of recovery/disposal of municipal waste in 2015

(HAOP, 2016
Waste Management Plan
The waste management system in Croatia at the county level

respectively at the regional waste management centers (WMC)
at the level of several counties, will be implemented in a such a
way that existing landfills will be closed and at the same time
WMC will be constructed, all depending on co-financing from EU
funds.
In Croatia, will be built 13 waste management centers. The first
2, Marišćina and Kaštijun are finished and 11 remaining should
be completed by the end of 2022.
Waste Management Plan
WMC Kaštijun and Marišćina
MBT
MBT
• RDF (costs)
• Emissions (non-methane VOC)
• Sludge (heavy metals)
• Dust (DOC)
• Waste waters
Packaging waste
• Returnable packaging
• Non-returnable packaging
• Packaging contaminated
with hazardous substances
Special waste categories
• bio-waste
• textile and footwear waste
• packaging waste
• end-of-life tyres
• end-of-life vehicles
• waste batteries and accumulators
• waste oils
• asbestos-containing waste
• clinical waste
• waste electrical and electronic
equipment and devices
• end-of-life ships
• marine waste
• construction waste
• wastewater treatment sludge
• wastes from titanium dioxide production
• polychlorinated biphenyls waste and
polychlorinated terphenyls waste
Acid Neutralisation Capacity
evaluation to assess stable non
reactive waste:
a proposal for a common procedure
Dr. Luca Paradisi

VENETO REGION - ITALY EPA (ARPAV) – Regional Observatory on Waste
Bratislava (SK), 27th June 2017
IMPEL: European Union Network for the Implementation and

Enforcement of Environmental Law
ANC and stable non reactive waste in
Veneto region: a long history since 2011
• Permits restrictions
• Local administrative tribunal
• Experimentation with 3 landfill
• Definition of a technical proposal sent to national
EPA and Ministery
Veneto Region paper
• literature review
• methodological evaluation Laboratory protocol
• experimental results
The doubt
Decision CE 33/2003
To be
ANC
evaluated
Da dove deriva: Without limit value

-Soil sciences: soil buffering acid Perhaps the legislator let it
rains(Sverdrup Sweden) intentionally open
- Mining waste neutralization(Kwong,
Lawrence e Sheske)
- Used for studing waste leachate
environmental fate(landfill, soil
…
restoration ecc.) – Van der Sloot,
Astrup, Van Zoemeren, Hjelmar ….
The doubt
Decision CE 33/2003
Da sottoporre
ANC
a valutazione
Perhaps the legislator let it
intentionally open?
- North and South european States have a

different waste management and landfilled
waste
- In North europe evaluation is done inside EIA
before landfill construction (monowaste landfills
f.e. fly ash landfills)
ANC and SNR waste in
the european laws
DIR 1999/31/CE:
- Art. 6 c) Le discariche per RNP possono
DEC 2003/33/CE: essere utilizzate:
- stable, non-reactive hazardous wastes (e.g. solidified,
- Leachate limits vitrified), with leaching behaviour equivalent to those of the
- TOC < 5% non-hazardous wastes referred to in point (ii), which fulfil the
relevant acceptance criteria set out in accordance with
- pH > 6 Annex II. These hazarouds wastes shall not be deposited in
cells destined for biodegradable non-hazardous waste,
- ANC to be evaluated
- Allegato B - trattamento
- Par. 2.3 Def. stabile non reactive
Stable, non-reactive means that the leaching behaviour of

the waste will not change adversely in the long-term,
under landfill design conditions or foreseeable accidents:
— in the waste alone (for example, by biodegradation), Sustainable landfilling
— under the impact of long-term ambient conditions (for
example, water, air, temperature, mechanical constraints),
— by the impact of other wastes (including waste products
such as leachate and gas).
ANC and SNRHW
1. Long term leaching behaviour

(PREDICTION def. SNRHW)
DEC
2. Evaluate ANC - TOC, pH, eluato
2003/33/CE (WASTE BUFFERING CAPACITY)
& SNRHW
pH influence on leaching
The buffering capacity of a leaching system
What’s ANC?
Alkalinity in liquid phase and acid neutralization

capacity in a solid phase
What causes Mineralogy of waste determines ANC

waste ANC? Depending on pH several mineralogic
compunds contribute to the ANC propriety of a
waste
In the liquid phase titration
at 4,5 pH (Total alkaliniyìty)
ANALYSIS
Acidimetric titration at different pH steps
How to
CEN/TS 14429 e 14997 :
measure ANC/BNC - 8 pH steps between 2 e 12
ANC?
ANC7,5 at pH 7,5 hydroxide/carbonates buffering
capacity
ANC4,5 at pH 4,5 silica minerals contribute
Static ANC:
ANC 4,5 : maximum potential

buffering capacity
Like Potential DRI

WHICH REFERENCE VALUE FOR ANC?
-Buffering capacity of rocks and soils (Kwong,

Sverdrup)
-Mining waste (Lawrence – Schekse)
Max buffering capacity

belongs to calcite
ANC reference value for

calcite at 5 pH,
20 mol H+/Kg
GEOCHEMICAL MODELS
Dynamic ANC SIMPLIFIED MODEL for lost of ANC with time

(DTU Denmark Astrup/Jakobsen/Christensen
2001, 2004, 2006):
Leachable alkalinity
1 Residual alkalinity
SIMPLIFIED MODEL for lost of ANC with time
(DTU Denmark Astrup/Jakobsen/Christensen
2001, 2004, 2006):
Dynamic ANC The MOVIE goes on
10,00
9,00
8,00
Iterative calculation of the

pH
7,00
loss of alkalinity 6,00
(stable/not stable
2 ANC):change of the own
5,00
4,00
pH value in the long 0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 400.000 450.000 500.000
anni
gterm
VENETO REGION EPA PROPOSAL
3 steps:
1. Static ANC4,5 (mol H+/kg d.m.): qualitative scale
0 – 3,5 > 3,5 - 7 > 7 – 10,5 > 10,5 - 14 Max achieved value in
suffcient Very high experimental results
low ANC ANC high ANC ANC
(Wahlström et al., 2009)
To be more investigated
Waste is labelled as
ANC4,5 ≥ 3,5 SNR
mol H+/kg s.s.
1
ANC4,5 < 3,5
Go to 2° step
mol H+/kg s.s.
VENETO REGION EPA PROPOSAL
2. Dynamic ANC Astrup test
Waste is labelled as
pH t= 5.000 years ≥ 6 SNR
using Astrup et
al., 2006 test
2
pH t= 5.000 years < 6
using Astrup et Go to 3° step
al., 2006 test
Secondo punto: proposta metodologica per step
3. Leaching at 6 pH
Leaching test
results complie Waste is labelled as SNR
with WAC
cessione a pH = 6
3
dei parametri di
Waste is not labelled as
accettabilità in
SNR
discarica > valori
autorizzati
Experimental results
Static ANC
0,1 – 14,2 mol H+/kg d.m.

Experimental results
ANC dinamica
ANC4,5 static
Waste Astrup test
natural pH Waste pH at
mol H+/kg d.m. DpH 0-5.000 anni
5.000 years
1962 14,2 8,1 7,7 0,4
ARPAV_2 9,2 9,1 9,0 0,1
66 8,9 9,21 8,2 1,0
97 7,9 10,2 10,1 0,1
ARPAV_1 6,0 11,4 10,7 0,7
3229 5,7 8,1 7,3 0,8
360 5,5 9 8,7 0,3
181 4,9 8,9 6,6 2,3
263 4,6 9,5 9,4 0,1
604 4,4 8,7 7,3 1,4
3230 3,9 11,2 8,9 2,3
REFERENCE VALUE FOR
262 3,8 9,1 6,0 3,1 STATIC ANC: 3,5 mol H+/kg
2797 3,3 11,7 10,9 0,8 s.s.
449 2,6 8,4 8,1 0,3
654 2,2 8,7 8,5 0,2
844 1,9 9,4 9,0 0,4
1134 1,3 7,5 7,0 0,5
1382 0,5 8,7 8,3 0,4 THE 3d STEP IS
1577 0,2 11,1 3,7 7,4
1578 0,1 9,7 2,7 7,0
NECESSARY
Example
• CER 060502*
• Waste water treatment sludge

• HW (HP 14)
• ANC4,5 = 9,2 mol H+/kg s.s.

pH
ANC (mol H+/kg s.s.)
Silicatice compounds o bulking agents ≈ 6 mol H+/kg s.s.
Hydroxide/Carbonates≈ 3 mol H+/kg s.s.

Dynamic ANC
Thank you for attention
dr. Luca Paradisi

ARPAV Osservatorio Regionale sui Rifiuti
Via S. Barbara 5a – TREVISO
+39 0422 558650 – luca.paradisi@arpa.veneto.it
Company: FCC Zohor, s.r.o.
Location: Zohor
(approximately 26 km far
from Bratislava)
There are the following installations in the Zohor
area:
Landfill of non-hazardous waste
Landfill of hazardous waste
Bio – field
- waste treatment plant for category "other” waste
(biodegradable)
- operations of R12, R13
- crushing takes place on a mobile crushing plant
- output waste is transported to the composting plant or
into the incinerator
Solidification line
- solidification of waste contaminated with organic
substances or heavy metals
- operations of D9/D15, R12/R13
- output waste is transported for co-incineration or
to the landfill
Biodegradation field
- aerobic degradation of pollution by application of
microorganisms
- output waste is transported for recovery or to the
landfill
Storage of the hazardous waste and collection
of elektrowaste
Hall of secondary raw material
Mobile Recovery Instalation
Area for collecting glass and plastics

Technology for sorting, crushing and
producing alternative fuel from municipal
waste – Zohor
- operations of: R12 and R13
- mechanical treatment (sorting, crushing) of

municipal waste, including its components, from
separate collection
- output waste is used as a fuel of high calorific

value.
- the fraction of fine solid alternative fuel (RDF)
- the fraction of gross solid alternative fuel
- heavy fraction - organic and mineral fraction
- metal-based fraction
- (only in rare cases hazardous waste)

FCC Slovensko,
s.r.o.
Branch Zohor
Author Date Location

1/
Structure of Services in Slovakia
■ Since 1992
■ Industrial and commercial clients

■ Cities and municipalities
■ In 2017 – more than 500 employees
SERVICES
LOGISTICS TREATMENT DISPOSAL OTHER
SERVICES
 Collection  Sorting  Landfilling  Outsourcing
 Transport  Shredding  Waste-to-  Legislative
 Containers  Composting Energy (WtE) service
 Winter services  RDF  Complex Waste
 Road cleansing  Waste water Management
treatment Projects
 Biodegradation  Remediation
 Solidification  Engineering
2/
FCC Zohor plant
Total area of the site 29,2015 ha

hazardous waste landfill 3,1700 ha
non hazardous waste landfill 13,4850 ha
3/
Splitting – RDF production

Waste Treatment Processes and
Technologies
■ Interim hazardous waste storage in
Zohor
 Hazardous packaging, absorbents,
paintings...
 Solidification plant in Zohor

 Treatment of ashes, sludge,
and other hazardous waste.
 Production of alternative fuel for cement kiln.
 Regional landfill with gas

treatment in Zohor
= power generator – electricity production
4/
Secondary Row Materials
 Sorting plant and presses in Zohor
 Paper
 Plastics
 Glass
 Wood
 Metals
 Splitting line in Zohor

 RDF production:
alternative fuel for cement kiln
= energy recovery from
combustible solid waste
e.g. mixed packaging
5/
References
VOLKSWAGEN SLOVAKIA, a.s.
Kia Motors Slovakia s.r.o.
Mobis Slovakia s.r.o.
TOWER AUTOMOTIVE, a.s.
JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL spol. s r.o.
Plastic Omnium Auto Exteriors, s.r.o.
Faurecia Slovakia s.r.o.
DONGHEE Slovakia a.s.
IKEA AVION
BILLA s.r.o.
HORNBACH - Baumarkt SK spol. s r.o.
6/
References
Cities and municipalities
Bratislava Dunajská Streda Malacky
Hlohovec Veľký Meder
Trnava Zohor Modra

7/
Thank you for your attention.
8/
FCC in Slovakia
Author Date Location

FCC Zohor plant – introduction
FCC Zohor plant – IPPC premises
 PREMISES UNDER IPPC PROCESS
 landfill
 deposed hazardous and non-hazardous waste
• date of Integrated approval: 20.12.2004
• year capacity of hazardous waste input: 25 000 ton
• year capacity of non-hazardous waste input: 150 000 ton
 solidification
 stabilization treatment of the waste
• year capacity of waste input: 35 000 ton
 biodegradation
 decontamination of oil waste
 splitting
 mechanical adaptation of the waste
FCC Zohor plant – splitting line
■ reason for IPPC

Law Act 39/2013 Appendix No.1
„combination of waste adaptation* - preparing for recovery or landfilling -
with non-hazardous waste over 75t/day“
*waste prepared for energetic recovery
■ category of air pollution

Law Act 137/2010 and 410/2012 Appendix No.3 part II, 1
• small air pollutor

• no set limits but obligation to right manipulation
►transport in covered containers

►storaged in cubicles
►no garbling
■ category of water pollution

• no waste water discharged
• no set limits
► mechanical adaptation of communal waste and “other non-hazardous waste“
magnetic separator
• KOMPTECH TERMINATOR 3400 SPEZIAL
→ a single-shaft slowrunning electrical crusher
• KOMPTECH FLOWERDISC
→ a stationary disc separator
→ working on principle of waste sieving
organic fraction
electrical
crusher
• KOMPTECH BRINI PMK 61–3

→ geared driven ballistic separator uses the lag principle s
eparator
tiny fraction
• KOMPTECH RASOR TYPE 5400

→ working on principle of rotor to precisely final crushing of waste material
 legally approved waste list

Legal Approval No.3310-4236/37/2015/Kuc/373520114/IP 11.2.2015
→ waste list.docx
input
20 01 03 and others
output
R13 + R12 → R1
19 12 10
19 12 11
19 12 12 -
 annual waste report

official report of input, output and final recovery
→ evidence list_2016.pdf
→ amounts report_2016.pdf D1...
monitoring
•objects
Law Act 372/2015 § 7 and Appendix No.4
monitoring_overview.docx
►landfill active
►landfill recultivated
►solidification
►biodegradation
•water
→ 2 reference well sites /HV1, ZV1/
→ 4 indicative well sites /KV1, KV2, KV6, KV7, and KV9/
→ percolating waters /basins for NO and NNO landfill/
→ surface water
water monitoring_results.docx
→ reverse osmosis process discharge*
*cleaned water passed circulation system

monitored sites placement
monitoring
•gas
→ biochemical activity /decay of organic material/

→ monitored in gas-wells* and within the whole landfill corpse –
CH4, CO2, O2, H2, H2S /2/year/
*landfill gas under pressure exhausted and recovered at cogenerating unit

to produce electricity
gas monitoring_results.docx
•others
→ isolation folie under the landfill corpse /electrical signalization/
→ topography /1/year/
→ soil /1/6years/
FCC Zohor plant – solidification
• input
→ sludge or flue ash contaminated

with organic and anorganic chemicals –
heavy metals and anorganic anions
/Cl-, F-, SO42-, CN- /
• output D9 → D1
190304
190305
190306
190307
• output R12 → R1
191211
191212
FCC Zohor plant – solidification
waste reception and handling –

Legal requirements
list of waste to be stabilized before landfill:
/according Appendix No 3 to Law Act 372/2015/
PP_2015_solidification_waste input.docx
→ list of waste to be handled D9 and R12
criteria for waste to landfill

/according Appendix No 1 to Law Act 372/2015/
criteria for waste to landfill.pdf

→ set limits for water macerate of the waste
• physical-chemical adaptation before landfill

• waste adaptation to next recovery
solidification – weight system
Weighbridge ticket_1A
input
weigh note\1.pdf
• hazardous waste 190107 “incinerator flue ash*

* officially “solid waste of gas cleaning“
→ D9 solidification treatment to control the heating capacity

/added cement-based additives/
Weighbridge ticket_1B
input after transformation
• non-hazardous waste 190307 “solidificated waste“
→ D1 landfill
FCC Zohor plant – biodegradation
biological adaptation of the waste contaminated with

organic and oily chemicals –
applied microorganizms in oxidative conditions
• output D15 to D8
190304
190305
• output R13 to R12
191301
191302
water secured place with cement concrete floor

with PEHD folie on geotextile

Landfill Project 2017
Report of the JOINT INSPECTION in Bratislava (Slovak Republic)
27th ‐ 28th of June 2017
Installation: FCC Slovensko, Zohor Landfill plant
Date of report: July 2017
1/18

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF ZOHOR INSTALLATION 3
1.1. Pre treatment of the waste : splitting and sorting line 6
1.2. Specifications of Zohor Landfill 8
1.3. Biodegradation 11
1.4. Solidification plant 11
2. INSPECTION TEAM 12
3. PREPARATION OF THE INSPECTION 14
4. EXECUTION OF THE INSPECTION 14
5. CONCLUSIONS 16
5.1. What we learnt from the installation 16
5.2. Organization of the joint inspection 17

2/18

1. Description of Zo
ohor installation

Zohor landfill plant is a ffenced and gguarded areaa for waste p pre‐treatment and dispossal, located in n western paart
of the Slovaak Republic. It belongs tto FCC Environment whiich is the Co
ompany provviding waste management
service, including wastee collection,, sorting, traansportation n, treatmentt and dispossal in an en
nvironmentally
friendly wayy. With 500 employees n nation wide, it is also invvolved in educating and informing th he community
about waste issues. Th he company have impleemented and d is maintain
ning Integraated Manageement System
according to o the qualityy standard ISO STN EN 9001:2009, environmental standard ISO STN EN N 14001:200
05,
safety and h health standaard STN OHSA AS 18001:20 009, and enerrgetic standaard ISO STN EEN 50001:2012.

Figure 1: Slovaak Republic and
d ZOHOR Landffill

FCC Environ nment (formerly A.S.A.) w was establishhed in Slovakia in 1992, and Zohor landfill plant from 1996. It
provides serrvice for mun nicipalities, industrial, co
ommercial an nd retail custtomers as weell as domesttic householdds
and small trrade businessses.
Slovak Environmental IInspectorate, Environmeental Inspecttorate Bratisslava IPPC SSection, acco ording to th
he
legislative rrequirementss of the European Unio on (Council Directive 19
999/31/EC of
o 26th Apriil and Council
Decision 20 003/33/EC of
o 19th Deceember), issued the currrent permitss for pre‐treeatment linees and landffill
disposal itseelf. Dates of o
opening timees, renewed permits, and d capacity aree following:
• landfill n
non‐hazardou 1.1996, 27.3..2017, capacity: 150 000 ton/year/
us waste /1.1
• landfill h
hazardous waaste /20.12.2 2004, capacitty: 25 000 ton
n/year/
• solidificaation /19.6.2012, 4.12.20
015, capacity: 35 000 ton//year/
• biodegraadation /10.1 12.2015, 23.1
1.2014, capacity: 35 000 ton/year/
• splitting /3.3.2015, capacity: 40 0000 ton/yearr/
3/18

Figure 2: IPPC
C Permits in ZOHOR installatio
on
This landfill is an area for waste disposal, and a mmulti‐function nal waste maanagement ccentre, provid ding:

Waste co ollection andd pre‐treatmeent before laandfill disposal.
Waste landfill disposaal of hazardo ous and non‐‐hazardous w waste.
Collectio on and final sorting of recyclable waste for furtherr treatment (RDF producttion).
Biodegraadation of thee waste conttaminated with organic and oily chem micals.
Biowastee collection aarea.
Solidificaation as the sstabilization ttreatment off the waste.
Leakage water managgement inclu uding water ttreatment pllant.
Biogas m management and electriciity generation.
Environm mental qualitty monitoringg.
Commun nity educatio on.

The Zohor laandfill plant cconsists of lin
nes and infraastructures b
below in ordeer to both dissposal and trreatment of
the resultingg “material” from their own waste maanagement aactivity:

4/18

14
15
10, 11
7
14 13
8
12
4 5,6
3
1,2
9

Figure 3: ZOHOR installation
Legend:
1. Weighbridge
2. Administrative and social building
3. Parking lot
4. ECO station
5. Recyclable materials regarding line
6. Centre of mechanical pre‐treatment of waste
7. Bio‐waste collection area
8. Reverse osmosis leakage processing plant
9. Leakage pool, old
10. Leakage pool, new hazardous waste
11. Leakage pool, new non‐hazardous waste
12. Biogas co‐generation station
13. Solidification area
14. Landfill non‐hazardous waste
15. Landfill hazardous waste
5/18

1.1. Pre treatment of the waste : splitting and sorting line
Waste Pre‐treatment Centre (WPC) is the place of Zohor installation where the mixed municipal waste is
subjected to mechanical treatment. The different fractions resulting from the treatment provided on this
Centre go to another part of this line, namely:
BIO waste fraction (follow to bio‐waste area)
Metal (follow to recycling)
3D rolling fraction ‐ Recyclable raw materials (follow to sorting line)
Mash minus 8mm (deposited on landfill)
2D fraction ‐ Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) production
Splitting line includes the process of sorting the recyclable waste (plastics, paper, metals), shredding and
production of RDF out of communal waste (alternative fuel for cement kiln = energy recovery from combustible
solid waste.
This line is ‐ besides the RDF production ‐ a process preparing the waste for its final recovery or landfill. Sorted
waste is added to recyclable waste being handled at the sorting line in a separate hall. The waste that is
received to this line is repeatedly sorted, separated by types, compressed and packed in bales for further
transportation to recycling companies. All the waste that do not have the necessary characteristics for recycling
is landfilled.
Input: 20 01 03 and others
Output: R13 + R12 → R1 (19 12 10; 19 12 11; 19 12 12)
There is no composting plant yet, just area for bio‐waste /park, garden and greenery waste/ to be handled
separately from the other kinds of waste. The waste is crushed and transported to other composting plant or
for direct use.

Figure 4: Sorting plant (1)
6/18

Figure 5: Sorting plant (2)

Figure 6: Recycled raw materials resulting from re‐sorting line
7/18

1.2. Specifications of Zohor Landfill
Country: Slovak Republic
Canton: Malacky
Municipality: Zohor
Location: Piesky
Operator: FCC Zohor, s.r.o.
Opening date: Landfill 1.1.1996
IPPC Permit Number: 4264/OIPK‐437/04‐Kk/370180104 /20.12.2004/
Planned operational time: at least 28 years
Total area of the site territory: approximately 29,2 ha
The non‐hazardous waste landfill about 13,5 ha
Capacity of landfill recultivated cell for non‐hazardous waste: 1 226 028 m3
Capacity of landfill active cell for non‐hazardous waste: 1 145 000 m3 /415 000 m3 to be built/
The hazardous waste landfill area is about 3,2 ha /1,6 ha recultivated/
Capacity of landfill cell for hazardous waste: 391 293 m3
Leakage water management including water treatment plant
Biogas management including cogeneration plant
Waste pre‐treatment lines
Number of employees: 6
The site has been engineered into three separate cells ‐ two for non‐hazardous waste and one for hazardous
waste, corresponding with a total area of 16,7 ha available for waste disposal. The site classified as a non‐
hazardous waste landfill is the site where all the non‐recyclable waste from splitting line is deposited, and is
therefore only allowed for municipal waste and for non‐hazardous waste classified under the List of Waste with
the codes set in Annex No.1 of its permit. The codes of hazardous waste are listed in Annex No.2 of its permit.
Mixed municipal waste and industrial waste can be landfilled together; the difference is only between HW and
NHW.
The following types of waste are not allowed to accept:
liquid waste
sludge of waste water plants if the content of the water is more than 80%
organic waste of food industry and wood processing waste if it is not composted or used for the acquisition
of landfill gas
waste which in landfill site conditions is explosive, corrosive, combustible or flammable in accordance with
laws and regulations regarding waste classification and characteristics making waste hazardous
waste which forms after human or animal health care and which is infectious
8/18

whole worn tires and cut tires, with the exception of whole worn tires which are used for engineering work
in a landfill site or waste dump, bicycle tires and tires the external diameter of which is more than 1,400 mm
waste that contains unidentified chemical substances
asbestos containing asbestos fibres in a free form (they are not preserved cement stone).
Figure 7: The landfill recovered cells
Leakage Treatment plant and monitoirng
Leachate is collected from the base of cells and stored in a compartment of specially constructed storage basin
with a capacity of 4.000 m3. There is one basin for the hazardous cell and one for the non hazardous cell. The
old landfill is not producing leachate anymore. The concentration of organic matter in leachate corresponds to
65‐75% and inorganic substances are 8‐10% of its content. Leachate from NH landfill can be recirculated.
Leacate is purified in reverse osmosis process with capacity of 52m3/day. This technique allow to treat polluted
water to a degree of distilled water. The purified leachate has a conductivity of 9,7 mS/m and is discharged into
the infiltrating channel into the soil. Rainwater is collected by means of drains in the body of the closed landfill;
it flows in a basin and it is treated in a reverse osmosis plant. Then, it is discharged in the soil.
Landfill operator has implemented a monitoring system to ensure compliance with conditions of permit:
4 monitoring cycles per year
Parameters / temperature, conductivity, colour, cloudiness, odor, pH, O2, RL105, CHSKCl, Cl‐, NO3‐, NELIČ, NH4+ ,
As, B, Cr, TOC, PAU, phenols, SO42‐, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni
9/18

2 monitoring point of the leachate water
3 monitoring point of the surface water
10 groundwater boreholes

Figure 8: Leakage Lagoon

Figure 9: Inverse Osmosis plant
10/18

Biogas management plant
To fulfil the requirements set for the landfill regarding collection of the gas produced as a result of waste
rotting, the landfill “Zohor" has provided a gas collection system within recultivated part of the landfill. It
consists of the structure of pipes and wells and a gas pumping station with cogeneration unit. Biogas is
collected throughout the network of horizontal pipes separated by layers of waste of 5 m. Collected biogas
consists of about 39 ‐ 41% of methane and is used for producing electric energy and heating.
1.3. Biodegradation
This section of the installation is used for oil contaminated biodegradation with microorganisms (D8 – R12);
microorganizms in oxidative conditions are applied. The output waste is transported for recovery or to the
landfill. The process takes place in a water secured area with cement concrete floor with PEHD folie on
geotextile.

output D15 to D8 (190304 – 190305) ‐ output R13 to R12 (191301 – 191302)

1.4. Solidification plant
In this part of the plant, solidification of waste contaminated with organic substances or heavy metals takes
place. Treatment concerns ashes, sludge, and other hazardous waste. The output waste is transported for co‐
incineration (alternative fuel for cement kiln) or to the landfill. Usually they perform a „single waste
treatment“, using different recipes for different wastes.
input → sludge or flue ash contaminated with organic and anorganic chemicals – heavy metals and anorganic
anions /Cl‐, F‐, SO42‐, CN‐
output D9 → D1 (190304, 190305, 190306, 190307)
output R12 → R1 (191211, 191212)
Example:
Input: hazardous waste 190107 “incinerator flue ash”: officially “solid waste of gas cleaning“ → D9
solidification treatment to control the heating capacity /added cement‐based additives/
After treatment: non‐hazardous waste 190307 “solidificated waste“: → D1 landfill
11/18

Figure 10: Solidiication plant
2. Inspection team
The inspection group has been composed by:
• Inspector Italy: Romano Ruggeri (team captain)
• Inspector Italy: Luca Paradisi
• Inspector Latvia: Kalvis Avotinš
• Inspector Spain: Maria Mallada
• Inspector Croatia: Ivan Pušic
• Inspector Polans: Anna Poplawska
• Inspector Slovenia: Jana Miklavčič
• Inspector Austria: Franz Waldner
• Inspetor Malta: Alvin Spiteri De Bono
• Inspector Netherlands: Stuart Gunput
• Inspector Turkey: Saney Aslan
• Inspector Scotland (UK): Paul Corrigan
• Inspector Norway: Sigrid Drage
• Inspector Slovak Republic: Monika Medovičová
• Inspector Slovak Republic: Monika Kromerova
• Inspector Slovak Republic: Peter Simurka
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• Inspector Slovak Republic: Cyril Burda
Figure 11: Inspection Group

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3. Preparation of the inspection
Before the inspection a summary of the permit of Zohor plant, translated in English, and the monitoring report
(in Slovak language) were circulated among the project group. On the day before the Inspection of the Zohor
landfill at 28th of June, the Inspector from Slovak Republic Mrs. Monika Medovičová presented the plant and
landfill site for the rest of the group.
The Slovak inspectors shared with the inspector’s group general and specific information about the landfill to
be inspected, based on the ZOHOR’s permit, with a focus on the following issues:
‐ Waste acceptance
‐ Pre‐treatment of waste and procedures
The main goal of this inspection was to simulate an Inspection based on the permit and the suggested checklist
for a proper inspection, from Riga‐meeting.
Mrs. Monika Medovičová presented the permit for the pre‐treatment installation “Technology for sorting,
crushing and producing alternative fuel from municipal waste‐ Zohor”, which was issued on the 11. 02. 2015
by the Slovak Inspectorate. She explained the way how the Slovak Inspectors perform the regular and special
inspections. She pointed out the conditions of the permit, which were prepared to perform a simulated
regular inspection of this pre‐treatment installation and compared them with the conditions in the check list.
Besides it was also defined as a goal of this inspection to verify the compliance with the provisions laid down in
Slovakian Landfill Regulation and on the Landfill permit.
4. Execution of the inspection
The inspection visit began with a presentation made by the ZOHOR manager, who briefly described the
Company and the ZOHOR facility. This was followed by a visit to the different plants of the ZOHOR, during
which the manager and the technical employs explained how each plant operate and also answered to
questions that raised by the different members of the inspection team. As mentioned before, the main goals of
this inspection were to verify the compliance with the Malagrotta rules and the compliance with the provisions
of the national regulation and the permit.
According to this goals:
1) it was performed a simulated regular inspection in the installation “Technology for sorting, crushing and
producing alternative fuel from municipal waste‐ Zohor” according to the condition of the permit (visible
information at the entrance, how the operator performs the continuous control and security of the installation,
check of documents of the waste at the entrance, control of the waste at the entrance, conditions for storage
of auxiliary materials and other substances, storage of the input waste, classification of output waste, who next
handles with the waste after the recovery process, “plan of preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of
uncontrolled leakage of pollutants into the environment”, evidence sheet, logbook, reporting obligations).
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2) it was performed a “quick inspection” (because of the lack of time) on the other section of the installation ‐
leakage treatment plant, biogas co‐generation plant, biowaste collection area, sorting line, solidification,
biodegradation, landfill for non‐hazardous waste.
Along the in situ visit of the landfill, all the management and technical aspects related to the above mentioned
topics have been checked. At the end of the visit, the ZOHOR manager answered all the questions from the
inspection group, especially from the nominated inspectors to fill out the items 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the checklist,
giving them a copy of some of the requested documents. Unfortunately, the duration of the visit was not
enough to verify all the inspection items as was planned.
Inspectors in Slovak Republic do not compile the minute of the inspection containing the findings of the visit, to
be signed by both inspectors and operator. They draw up a final report within 60 days from the inspection.
Inspectors are also permit writers, therefore the permit can be changed according to the results of the visit.
Usially they perform a 1 day inspection, focussing on some of the aspects of the permit.
Figure 12: During the inspection
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Figure 12: Check of docments in the “desk” inspection
5. Conclusions
5.1. What we learnt from the installation
Strengths
The main strengths of the installation are the following aspects:
The facility is well organized
The facility is equipped with a complete waste management system:
‐ Sorting installation
‐ Splitting and production of RDF
‐ Biodegradation installation
‐ Solidification installation
‐ Biowaste collection area
‐ Landfill for non hazardous waste
‐ Landfil for hazardous waste
‐ Eco station for storage of liquid hazardous waste
Landfill gas under pressure exhausted and recovered at cogenerating unit to produce electricity
Leachate is processed by reverse osmosis – resulting a high purity water
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Beneath the bottomsheet (foil) is built an “Electronic Leak Detection Systems”
This Company has an important role in regarding to environmental education with the schools and with the
population
Weaknesss
Landfill:
There is also received municipal waste to the landfill, which has not been processed
Light components from municipal waste (plastic bags, paper…..) were occurred on the slope of the landfill
Pre‐treatment:
In the Slovak legislation there are not criteria for pre‐treated municipal waste (like caloric value, content of
the TOC, ability to receive the oxygen).
Not all municipal waste received into the landfill‐plant goes through pre‐treatment. In the year 2016 ‐
15.015,68 t of municipality waste was accepted to the landfill. For pre‐treatment 9.276,26 t of non‐
hazardous waste, including 4.678,700 t of municipality waste was accepted. Although the municipalities at
present are obliged to ensure the separate collection of biodegradable waste, paper, plastic, glass and metal
and the organization of producers responsibility ensure the separate collection of WEEE, B&A, packaging
and non packaging, tyres and EoLV ‐ the delivered municipal waste still contains small amounts of
biodegradable waste and other components, which should be separated.
The storage of municipal waste and other non‐hazardous waste destined to pre‐treatment was not
sufficiently secured against the blown away into the environment (strong wind was at the time of the
inspection and the installed nets did not provide sufficient protection against blowing away the light
components). The storage needs to be covered.
There is not a composting plant, the operator only crushes the biodegradable waste and delivers to other
composting plants.

5.2. Organization of the joint inspection
Strengths
This visit was important to verify on site a good example of a landfill waste management, especially an example
of a landfill that has been creating conditions to be in compliance with the Mallagrotta rules.
It is also important to mention as a strength of this inspection organization the effort to provide all the
necessary documentation to prepare the visit, such as the translation of the permit of the pre‐treatment
installation “Technology for sorting, crushing and producing alternative fuel from municipal waste‐ Zohor”.
The checklist used which is an outcome of this IMPEL PROJECT, revealed to be an important, complete and very
detailed landfill inspection instrument, being a great guidance for this kind of inspections.
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Weaknesses
One of the weaknesses of the organisation of the joint inspection was that the duration of the visit was very
short compared to the defined goals, especially because the checklist used is very detailed and extensive.
Therefore, it was not possible to correctly verify all the parameters defined on the checklist used. Next time, it
may be helpful to ask previously to operator for all the necessary documents to complete the checklist
parameters that are based on the document consultation. On the other hand, it may be more practical to
create small groups, and each group is only responsible for checking the parameters of each specific item in the
checklist. The approach used in which everyone is following the checklist from start to finish proved to be very
time consuming for the short amount of time available.
18/18

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1. PREPARATION OF THE MEETING 5

2. DEFINITION OF THE TOPICS OF THE MEETING 5

3. PROJECT GROUP 5

4. AGENDA OF THE MEETING 8

5. SLOVAK INSPECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENT - BRATISLAVA 12

5.1. Organization 12

5.2. Functions 12

5.3. Tasks 12

5.4. Structure 13

6. THE VISITED INSTALLATION 13

7. RESULTS OF THE MEETING: DAY 1 14

7.1 Group 1: Checklist for inspectors about Municipal Solid Waste treatment before landfilling 16

7.2 Group 2: Checklist for inspectors about industrial Waste treatment before landfilling 16

7.3 Group 3: BAT’s and Procedures for pretreatment of waste before landfilling 16

7.4 Presentations pretreatment of waste in a few EU countries 18

8. RESULTS OF THE MEETING: DAY 2 22

9. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER STEPS 24

ANNEX I. PRESENTATIONS 27

ANNEX II. REPORT OF THE INSPECTION 27

Time Activity Location Apparatus Who

9.30 Ministry of the Laptop and

11.30 Results of the inspection: main Meeting room Referents of the

MBT is usu

Other typees of treatm naerobic diggestion (AD) and therm

Furthermore a line for

 Decrease leachingg of waste incineration residue ‐ h

2. Stabilization/immobilization processes: general treatment requirements and permitted premixing

By 1 Januaary 2015 Reepublic of C

The main ggoal of this inspection is to simulaate an inspeection based on the peermit and th

When the presentation and overview of the landfill and sorting installations were finalised, the site

 Learn from joint inspections(preparation and execution of the inspection,

 Identification of good practices of pre-treatment of the waste before

 Investigate possible links with TFS Waste cluster

 Cooperation (and helping each other) between IMPEL Member Countries

 Feedback to policy makers on the (effectiveness of) various approaches

Joint • Use of the Guidance

 Article 6: Waste to be accepted in the

New Art. 5, 3f Landfill Directive:

Art. 11(1) und Art. 22 WFD

New Art. 22 WFD:

 All waste capable of undergoing treatment is treated

Recital 8 of the CE Landfill proposal:

 Most Member States have correctly transposed the pre-treatment

 MSWI APC residues, including

 Shredder waste or residues

 MSWI bottom ash

 Ashes from biomass

 1. It must be a physical, thermal,

Subgroup 2: Checklist on landfill inspection to assess pretreatment of

Subgroup 3: First analysis of procedure/BAT/criteria

Use of checklist in the

New ToR 2018; Third

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

• nature and landscape protection

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

• nature and landscape protection

• integrated pollution prevention and control –

It performs its activity in the fields as follows:

• nature and landscape protection

Decrease leachingg of waste incineration residue ‐ h