Lecture # 11: Transmission

(ABCD) Matrix
Subject: Microwave Engineering
Session: July ‘12– Nov ’12
Class: 09 ES sec I & II
Instructor: Engr. Zuneera Aziz
Introduction
• Z parameters are useful for series connected
networks
• Y parameters are useful for parallel connected
networks
• S parameters are useful for describing
interactions of voltage and current waves within
a network
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• Particularly suited for cascading two port networks
• Consider the following two port network:

• Note the direction for I2 which is quite anti to what

it was in Z and Y Parameters (reason in upcoming
slides!)
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• The ABCD Matrix is defined as:

Eq. 1

• For which:
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• So here’s the best part!

“The usefulness of the ABCD matrix is that

cascaded two port networks can be
characterized by simply multiplying their
ABCD matrices”
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• Proof of the statement:
• Consider the following two port networks:
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• Writing the ABCD matrices for these two port
networks, we get:

Eq. 2
and
Eq. 3
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• Cascading the two networks would result in:

• V2’ = V2 and I2’=I2 (the reason for the outward

direction of I2)
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• Substituting Eq. 3 in Eq. 2, we get:

Eq. 4
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• The product of ABCD matrix of network 1 and
ABCD matrix of network 2 can be combined to
form:

Eq. 5

Eq. 6
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• The cascaded network is now an equivalent of:
Transmission (ABCD) Matrix
• Point to ponder!
• “It is important to note that the order of the
matrix multiplication must be the same as the
order of in which the two port networks are
arranged in the circuit. Matrix multiplication is
not commutative.”
• In general:
[A] . [B] ≠ [B] . [A]
Table of ABCD Network
cosh( ) Z o sinh( )
Transmission line  sinh( ) 
 cosh( ) 
 Zo 
Z
1 Z 
Series impedance 0 1 
 

Z Shunt impedance  1 0
1 
 Z 1
Table of ABCD Network
Z1 Z2  Z1 Z1Z 2 
1  Z Z1  Z 2 
Z3 
 2 
Z3 T-network  1 1
Z2 
 Z 3 Z3 

 Z3 
 1  Z3 
Z1 Z2
Z3 Z2 p-network  
 1  1  Z3 1
Z3 
 Z1 Z 2 Z1Z 2 Z1 

n 0 
 1 Ideal transformer
0 n 
n:1