Two-Port Network Parameters: Celso José Faria de Araújo, DR

TWO-PORT NETWORK
PARAMETERS
Celso José Faria de Araújo, Dr.
The Linear Two-Port Network
I1 I2
+ Linear +
Output
Input
V1 Two-Port V2
- Network -
✓ There aren’t external connections between input

and output terminals.
✓ The network use only linear electronic elements.
✓ The network do not use power supply.
1
Two-Port Network Parameters
Electrical Circuits - Celso José Faria de Araújo, M.Sc.
The Reciprocity Theorem
Za Zk Za Zk Za Zk
Ik +
Zb Zc Zb Zc Zb Zc Vk
-
Zd Ze Zd + Ze Zd Ze
Vm Im
-
Zf Zf Zf
Zm Zm Zm
Zg Zg Zg
“In any network, composed of linear passive

components, if an e.m.f. Vm in branch ‘m’ produces
a current Ik in branch ‘k’, then the same e.m.f.
Vk=Vm in branch “k” produces the same Im=Ik in
branch ‘m’.” This type of network is called
RECIPROCAL.
2
Reciprocal Network (example)
Z4 Z7 Z10 Z11
3A
1.5A
Z14
Z3
-
Z1 10V
+
Z6 k
Z9 Z13
1A
Z2 Z5 Z8 Z12
Z4 Z7 Z10 - 40V+ Z11

k
Z14
Z3
-
Z1 50V
+k Ix
Z6
+
20V
-
k Z9 Z13
Z2 Z5 Z8 Z12
20 40 50
I x = 1.5 + 3 − 1 = 10A
10 10 10
3
The Immittance Parameters
The “Z” Parameters (open-circuit)
+ + V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I 2 V  z z  I 
I1 V1 N V2 I2   1  =  11 12   1   V = ZI
- - V2 = z21 I1 + z22 I 2 V2   z21 z22   I 2 
I1 I2
z11 z22
General
+ + + +
I1 V1 N V1 N I2 V1 z12 I2
+
-
+
z21 I1 V2
- -
- - -
Equivalent Circuits
I1 I2
Transformed
V V
z11 = 1  un[ z11 ] =  z12 = 1  un[ z12 ] = V + +
I1 I2 A z12 z 21
I 2 =0 I1 = 0 V1 z11 I2 I1 z22 V2
z11 z 22
- -
+ + I1 I2
I1 N V2 N V2 I2 +
z11-z12 z22-z12 - +
+
- - (z21-z12)I1
V1 z12 V2
- -
V2 V2
z21 =  un[ z21 ] = V z22 =  un[ z22 ] =  I1 I2
I1 A I2 + - z11-z21 z22-z21
I 2 =0 I1 = 0 + +
(z12-z21)I2
V1 z21 V2
If N Reciprocal then z12=z21 - -
4
The “Z” Parameters (Example)
 R1 R3   g 
 R1 // (R2 + R3 ) R + R + R   1 s+ o
C gd 1 1 
Z= 1 2 3
  
R R  sCgs s + g o + g o + g m C gs s + g o + g o + g m
 1 3
R3 // (R1 + R2 ) 
 R1 + R2 + R3   C gd C gs C gs C gd C gs C gs 
Z= 
 g 
s− m
z12 = z 21  1 C gd C gs + C gd 1 
 
 sCgs s + g o + g o + g m C gs C gd s + g o + g o + g m 
 C gd C gs C gs C gd C gs C gs 
5
The Immittance Parameters
The “Y” Parameters (short-circuit)
I1 I2
I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 I   y y  V 
+
V1 N +
V2   1  =  11 12   1   I = YV
- -
I 2 = y21V1 + y22V2 I 2   y21 y22  V2 
I1 I1 I1 I2
General
+ +
+
V1
-
N N +
V2
-
V1 y11 y12V2 y21V1 y22 V2
- -
Equivalent Circuits
I1 I2
Transformed
I I y11
 un[ y12 ] = A
y22
y11 = 1  un[ y11 ] = mho y12 = 1 + +
V1 V =0 V2 V y12
- - y 21
2 V1 = 0 V1 V2 V1 V2
y11 + + y 22
I2 I2 - -
I1 I2
+
V1
-
N N +
V2
-
+
-y12
+
V1 y11+y12 y22+y12 (y21-y12)V1 V2
- -
I2 I2
y21 =  un[ y21 ] = A y22 =  un[ y22 ] = mho I1 I2
V1 V =0 V V2 -y21
2 V1 = 0 + +
V1 (y12-y21)V2 y11+y21 y22+y21 V2
If N Reciprocal then y12=y21 - -
6
The “Y” Parameters (Example)
 1 1 
 R // R −
R2 
Y= 1 2

 s(C gs + C gd )
 − 1 1 
− sCgd 
 R2 R2 // R3  
Y=  g   g 
− C gd  s − m  C gd  s + o 
y12 = y 21   C   C 
  gd   gd 
7
The Hybrid Parameters
The “H” Parameters
I2
+ V1 = h11I1 + h12V2 V  h h   I 
N +   1  =  11 12   1 
I1 V1
-
V2
- I 2 = h21I1 + h22V2 I 2  h21 h22  V2 
+ +
N V1 N +
V2
Equivalent Circuit
I1 V1
-
- -
I1 I2
V V h11
h11 = 1  un[h11 ] =  h12 = 1 un[h12 ] = V + +
I1 V = 0 V2 V
I1 = 0 +
2
V1 h12V2 h21I1 h22 V2
I2 -
I2
- -
I1 N N +
V2
-
I2 I2
h21 =  un[h21 ] = A h22 =  un[h22 ] = mho
I1 A V2
V2 =0 I1 = 0
If N Reciprocal then h12=-h21
8
The “H” Parameters (Example)
 R1 
 R1 // R2 R1 + R2 
H= 
− R1 1 
 R1 + R2 R3 // (R1 + R2 )
h12 = −h21
 re 
 re // ro re + ro 
H= 
− re +  ro 1− 
 re + ro re + ro 
9
The Hybrid Parameters
The “G” Parameters
I1
+ I1 = g11V1 + g12 I 2 I   g g  V 
+
N   1  =  11 12   1 
V1
-
V2
-
I2
V2 = g 21V1 + g 22 I 2 V2   g 21 g 22   I 2 
I1 I1
+
V1
-
N N I2
Equivalent Circuit
I1 I1
g11 =  un[ g11 ] = mho g12 =  un[ g12 ] = A I1 I2
V1 I2 A
I 2 =0 V1 =0 g22
+ +
V1 g11 g12I2 + V2
+ + g21I1
+
V1 N V2 N V2 I2
-
-
-
- -
-
V2 V2
g 21 =  un[ g 21 ] = V g 22 =  un[ g 22 ] = 
V1 V I2
I 2 =0 V1 = 0
If N Reciprocal then g12=-g21

10
The “G” Parameters (Example)
 1 R3 
 R // (R + R ) − R + R 
G= 1 2 3 2 3

 R 3 1 
 R2 + R3 R2 // R3 
g12 = − g 21
 re 
 − 1
G =  r 1+− r 
 e o
ro 
 re 
11
The Transmission Parameters
The “T” Parameters
V1 = a11V2 − a12 I 2 V  a a   V 
  1  =  11 12   2 
I1 = a21V2 − a22 I 2  I1  a21 a22  − I 2 
-I2
+
+
V1
-
N V2
+
V1
-
N
-
V1 V1
a11 =  un[a11 ] = V a12 =  un[a12 ] = V
V2 V − I2 A
I 2 =0 V2 = 0
-I2
+
I1 N V2 I1 N
-
I1 I1
a21 =  un[a21 ] = A a22 =  un[a22 ] = A
V2 V − I2 A
I 2 =0 V2 = 0
If N Reciprocal then |T|=1

12
The “T” Parameters (Example)
 R2 + R3 
 R2 
R3
T= 
 R1 + R2 + R3 R1 + R2 
 R1 R3 R1 
T =1
 re re ro 
r + r re +  ro 
T= e o

 1 −  re + ro 
 re +  ro re +  ro 
13
The Transmission Parameters
The “T-1” Parameters
V2 = b11V1 − b12 I1 V  b b   V 
  2  =  11 12   1 
I 2 = b21V1 − b22 I1 I 2  b21 b22  − I1 
-I1
+
V1 N +
V2
-
N +
V2
-
-
V2 V2
b11 =  un[b11 ] = V b12 =  un[b12 ] = V
V1 V − I1 V = 0 A
I1 = 0 1
-I1
+
V1 N I2 N I2
-
I2 I2
b21 =  un[b21 ] = A b22 =  un[b22 ] = A
V1 V − I1 V = 0 A
I1 = 0 1
If N Reciprocal then |T-1|=1
14
The “T-1” Parameters (Example)
 R1 + R2 
 R2 
R1
T −1 =  
 R1 + R2 + R3 R2 + R3 
 R1 R3 R3 
T −1 = 1
 re + ro 
 r ro 
T −1 =  e 
 1− 1
 re 
15
Parameters-conversion table
Z Y H G T T-1
z11 z12 y22 y12 H h12 1 g12 a11 T b22 1
− −
Y Y h22 h22 g11 g11 a21 a21 b21 b21
Z y y11 T −1
− 21 h 1 g 21 G 1 a22 b11
z 21 z 22 − 21
Y Y h22 h22 g11 g11 a21 a21 b21 b21
z 22 z12 y11 y12 1 h12 G g12 a22 T b11 1
− − − −
Z Z h11 h11 g 22 g 22 a12 a12 b12 b12
Y z z11 T −1
− 21 h21 H g 1 1 a11 b22
y 21 y 22 − 21 − −
Z Z h11 h11 g 22 g 22 a12 a12 b12 b12
Z z12 1 y12 g 22 g a12 T b12 1
− h11 h12 − 12
z22 z22 y11 y11 G G a22 a22 b11 b11
H g 21 g11 T −1
z 1 y21 Y − 1 a21 b21
− 21 h21 h22 − −
z 22 z22 y11 y11 G G a22 a22 b11 b11
1 z12 Y y12 h22 h12 a21 T b21 1
− − g11 g12 −
z11 z11 y22 y22 H H a11 a11 b22 b22
G h h11 T −1
z 21 Z y 1 − 21 1 a12 b12
− 21 g 21 g 22
z11 z11 y22 y22 H H a11 a11 b22 b22
z11 Z y 1 H h11 1 g 22 b22 b12
− 22 − − − a11 a12
z21 z21 y21 y21 h21 h21 g 21 g 21 T −1 T −1
T Y y b21 b11
1 z22 − − 11 h 1 g11 G
− 22 − a 21 a 22 −1
z21 z21 y21 y21 h21 h21 g 21 g 21 T T −1
z 22 T −1 y11 1 1 h11 G g 22 a22 a12 b11 b12

− − − −
z12 z12 y12 y12 h12 h12 g12 g12 T T
T-1 h22 H g 1 a21 a11
1 z11 Y y22 − 11 −
− − T T b21 b22
z12 z12 y12 y12 h12 h12 g12 g12
Reciprocal z12 = z 21 y12 = y 21 h12 = −h21 g12 = − g 21 T =1 T −1 = 1

16
INTERCONNECTIONS OF TWO-PORTS
Series Interconnection
Brune’s Test
Z = Z'+Z"
17
Examples (1)
Z  Z'+Z"
Z = Z'+Z"
Z  Z'+Z"
18
Examples (2)
 s +1 1  1 1  s +1 1 1 1
s + 2 + + 
Z = Z' + Z" =  s + 2 + s s = s + 2 s s+2 s
1 s + 1  1 1  1 1 s +1 1
     + + 
s + 2 s + 2 s s s + 2 s s + 2 s
19
Parallel Interconnection
Y = Y'+Y"
Brune’s Test
20
Parallel Interconnection
Example
 R2 + R3 R2 
 RR +RR +R R −
R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3 
Y' =  1 2 1 3 2 3

− R2 R1 + R2 
 R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3 R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3 
 R5 + R6 R5 
 R R +R R +R R −
R4 R5 + R4 R6 + R5 R6 
Y" =  4 5 4 6 5 6

− R5 R4 + R5 
 R4 R5 + R4 R6 + R5 R6 R4 R5 + R4 R6 + R5 R6 
Y = Y'+Y"
21
Series-Parallel Interconnection
Brune’s Test
H = H'+H"
22
Parallel-Series Interconnection
Brune’s Test
G = G'+G"
23
Cascade Interconnection
T = T'T"
24
Cascade Interconnection
Example
1 Z  1 0
T=  T=
0 1  Y 1 
G2 = 1  G3 = 1
R2 R3
1 R1   1 0 1 sL  1 0
T= 
    
0 1  G2 + sC 1 0 1  G3 1
[1 + R1 (G2 + sC )](1 + sLG3 ) + R1G3 [1 + R1 (G2 + sC )]sL + R1 
T=
 (G2 + sC )](1 + sLG3 ) + G3 (G2 + sC )]sL + 1 
25
References
✓ Ruston, Henry. Bordogna, Joseph. – Electric
Network: Functions, Filters, Analysis – McGraw-
Hill Book Company.
✓ Bessonov ,L. – Applied Electricity for Engineers –
Translated from the Russian by Boris Kuznetsov –
MIR Publishers – Moscow.
26

Two-Port Network Parameters: Celso José Faria de Araújo, DR

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TWO-PORT NETWORK

✓ There aren’t external connections between input

“In any network, composed of linear passive

Z4 Z7 Z10 - 40V+ Z11

If N Reciprocal then z12=z21 - -

If N Reciprocal then y12=y21 - -

If N Reciprocal then h12=-h21

If N Reciprocal then g12=-g21

If N Reciprocal then |T|=1

If N Reciprocal then |T-1|=1

z 22 T −1 y11 1 1 h11 G g 22 a22 a12 b11 b12

Reciprocal z12 = z 21 y12 = y 21 h12 = −h21 g12 = − g 21 T =1 T −1 = 1

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