Compilation of Activities

(Aircraft Woods Structures)

Name: Javier, Patrick Cyrine S. Date: October 17, 2018

Subj-Sec: AMTE 115L - 6B Instructor: Mr. De Pano
 Table of Contents
 Prelims:
 Shop Rules
 About Wing Spar Repair
 Wing Spar Repair Splices
 Built Up Box Splices
 Double I Beam Splices

 Midterms:
 About Wing Rib Construction
 Tracing of Airfoil
 Wing Rib Construction

 Finals:
 About The Aircraft
 Truss Type Structure and Covering Method
 Construction of Aircraft Type
 Aircraft Covering Method
PRELIMS
 Shop Rules
1) ALL ACTIVITIES shall be performed inside the laboratory with
the supervision of your instructor.
2) NO PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE), NO
SHOPWORK- always observe safety first and be protected
while working.
3) NO HORSEPLAYING- to avoid accident.
4) NEVER EAT OR DRINK inside the laboratory to avoid any form
of poising & foreign object ingestion.
5) Any form of PAINTING & VARNISHING are not allowed to avoid
fumigations in your working area and all adjacent rooms. It
shall be done outside. Preferable in a well-veltilated area.
6) DO NOT TOUCH/OPERATE any equipment without any
permission from you instructor (read, then follow instructions
carefully before operating such equipments to avoid accident).
7) CONSULT your instructor about any changes that you will make
in your hands-on-activities.
8) SECURE WELL any objects placed on top of the benches/
working tables to prevent from falling on the ground or
equipment, (most of all, your feet).
9) KEEP YOUR WORKING AREA CLEAN BEFORE AND AFTER using
the laboratory. No one is allow to SPIT anywhere or SCATTER
UTTER. SPILLED OIL and VOLATILE LIQUID must be wiped and
cleaned immediately to avoid accident.
10) BEFORE LEAVING THE LABORATORY, make sure that …
A. All electrical powered and PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT are
turned off.
 B. All POWER CORDS and PNEUMATIC HOSES are
disconnected and are properly COILED.
C. All water SPIGUTS and FAUCETS are firmly CLOSED.

BY: PATTS ADMIN

About Wing Spar Repair

1) There are several types of wooden spars that are likely to be
encountered in aircraft construction.
2) Each type of spar is unique in design and requires specific
repair procedures.
3) Reference the aircraft manufacturer's repair manual for
specific repair requirements.
4) The I-beam spar is routed to reduce weight while still providing
adequate strength requirements.
5) You may also encounter built-up box spars that utilize upper
and lower flanges of solid spruce with webs of plywood.
6) Other types include built-up I-beam spars with spruce webs
and flanges, as well as internally routed box-spars made of two
rectangular pieces of spruce glued together then routed to
reduce weight.
 Wing Spar Repair Splices
 Longitudinal crack in a solid wood spar:

 Solid, laminated, or internally routed spar is damaged on either

its top or bottom edge:

 Scarf repair:
 Built-up I-beam spar:

 Built-up box spars:

Built Up Box Splices

 Objectives:
1. To be familiar on how to build a Built Up Box Spar.
2. To be aware on how to repair this type of spar.
 Procedures:
1. Mark the 2x2 wood on its midline then cut it using crosscut
saw.
2. Glue the wood near to the edge of ¾ plywood.
3. Clamp it and wait for the glue to adhere.
 Tools & Materials:
 1. 2x2 Wood
2. ¾ plywood
3. Wood Glue
4. Steel Ruler
5. Crosscut Saw
6. C Clamp

Double I beam
 Objectives:
1. To be familiar on how to build an I beam spar.
2. To be aware of what is the different parts of I beam spar.
 Procedures:
1. Mark the 2x2 wood on its midline then cut it using crosscut
saw.
2. Glue the wood on the top portion of the webs of the
plywood.
 3. Clamp it then wait for the glue to adhere.
 Tools & Materials:
1. 2x2 Wood
2. ¾ Plywood
3. Wood Glue
4. Steel Ruler
5. Crosscut Saw
6. C Clamp

Rubrics:
Description Points Remarks

1 Job completion 5 4 3 2 1
2 Ability to follow directions 5 4 3 2 1
3 Level of needed assistance 5 4 3 2 1
4 Student’s preparedness 5 4 3 2 1
5 Instructor’s discretion 5 4 3 2 1
6 Student’s attitude during 5 4 3 2 1
the completion of the
project
Total: /30

______________ ________________
Mr. Neil De Pano Javier, Patrick Cyrine
MIDTERMS
 About Wing Rib Construction
1. Wood wing ribs are usually made of spruce strips that have a
cross section of approximately 1/4 to 5/16-inch.
2. These small strips of wood accept the air loads from the
covering of the wing and transmit them into the spars.
3. When manufacturing wing ribs, soften the upper and lower cap
strips with steam before bending them over a form.
4. Cap strips are the upper and lower surfaces that attach to the
supporting web. These strips carry the bending loads of the
wing and provide a surface for attaching the wing skin.
5. When dry, place them in a jig and cut all of the cross members
to fit between them.
6. Cover each intersection between a vertical member and a cap
strip with a gusset made of mahogany plywood. Glue the
7. gussets to the strips and secure them with brads to provide the
pressure needed to make strong glue joints.
8. Slip the completed ribs over the spars and assemble and square
up the wing truss with the drag and anti-drag wires adjusted to
the proper tension.
 Tracing an Airfoil
 Objectives:
1. To know the accurate size of the cap strips and vertical
members.
2. To be familiarized with the proper location of the
components of the airfoil
 Procedures:
1. Place the cross sectional paper on the flat surface.
2. Put the wing rib on the cross sectional paper.
3. Trace it using any pen.
4. Label it with the correct measurement.
 Tools & Materials:
1. Cross Sectional Paper
2. Calligraphy Pen
3. Steel Ruler

Wing Rib Construction

 Objectives:
1. To be familiarized on how to build/ construct a wing rib.
2. To be aware of the different parts of the wing rib.
3. To be informed on how important the wing rib during flight.
 Procedures:
1. Trace every the leading edge and the trailing edge of the
wing to the plywood.
2. Cut it using a hacksaw then file it to get the correct shape.
3. Cut the cross sectional paper then glue it on the plywood
(the plywood will serve as the jigs)
 4. Nail the leading edge and the trailing edge together with the
keen dry wood that’s acting as a cap strips.
5. Glue the vertical members in between the upper and lower
cap strips using wood glue.
6. Repeat this step to build another wing rib.
7. Using a plywood connect the the 2 wing ribs.
8. Use sand paper after gluing all of the components.
9. Put varnish and finish it.
 Tools & Materials:
1. 17x48 Plywood
2. 10x11x3/4 Plywood
3. 7.5x2.5x3/4 Plywood
4. 10x6 Plywood
5. 10x2.5 Plywood
6. 3/4x1/4x24 Keen Dry Wood
7. 3/4x1/4x6 Keen Dry Wood
Rubrics:
Description Points Remarks

1 Job completion 5 4 3 2 1
2 Ability to follow directions 5 4 3 2 1
3 Level of needed assistance 5 4 3 2 1
4 Student’s preparedness 5 4 3 2 1
5 Instructor’s discretion 5 4 3 2 1
6 Student’s attitude during 5 4 3 2 1
the completion of the
project
Total: /30

______________ ________________
Mr. Neil De Pano Javier, Patrick Cyrine
FINALS
 About the Aircraft
1. Airplane, also called aeroplane or plane, any of a class of fixed-
wing aircraft that is heavier than air, propelled by a
screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by
the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings.

Truss Type Structure And Covering

Method
1. Truss Type Structure
 The main drawback of truss structure is its lack of a
streamlined shape. In this construction method, lengths of
tubing, called longerons, are welded in place to form a well-
braced framework. Vertical and horizontal struts are welded
to the longerons and give the structure a square or
rectangular shape when viewed from the end. Additional
struts are needed to resist stress that can come from any
direction. Stringers and bulkheads, or formers, are added to
shape the fuselage and support the covering.
2. Covering Method
 Envelope Covering Method
 An alternative method of re-covering, the envelope
method, saves time by using precut and pre-sewn
envelopes of fabric to cover the aircraft.
  The envelopes are sewed to fit in order to minimize
the amount of hand stitching or cementing required in
the installation of the fabric.
 Patterns are made and fabric is cut and stitched so that
each major surface, including the fuselage and wings,
can be covered with a single, close-fitting envelope.
 Blanket Covering Method
 The blanket method refers to the fact that the wing is
wrapped or blanket-covered with the fabric. Use a
blanket large enough to cover the entire wing, top and
bottom.
 If the blanket is be made of machine-sewn, grade-A
cotton, use a French fell or folded fell seam and two
parallel rows of stitches.

Construction of Aircraft Type

 Objectives:
1. In order to know the truss type fuselage structure
2. To know the different parts of the fuselage
3. To know the proper fabric covering process
 Procedures:
1. Cut the sticks on its specified measurements.
2. Proceed on constructing the longerons.
3. Cut the specified sizes for the vertical and diagonal member
4. Connect the parts by using an adhesives
5. Cut some cheese cloth that’s exact on the fuselage
6. Attach it into the fuselage by putting adhesive on it.
7. Apply a varnish on the cloth and let it dry.
 Tools & Materials:
1. Popsicle Sticks
2. Bbq Sticks
3. Cheese Cloth
4. Varnish
5. Wood Glue
6. Glue Gun
7. Glue Stick
 Aircraft Covering Method
 Objectives:
1. To be trained on how to cover an aircraft.
2. To learned on how to put a doping on the aircraft skin.
 Procedures:
1. Prepare all the materials.
2. Get the cloth and make a pattern the same as the pattern
of the truss of the aircraft.
3. Glue the cloth on every longerons then stretched it so that
none of the fabric will fall on the space between every
trusses.
4. Put varnish on it.
 Tools & Materials:
1. Glue Gun
2. Glue Stick
3. Cheese Cloth
4. Ruler
5. Scissors
Rubrics:
Description Points Remarks

1 Job completion 5 4 3 2 1
2 Ability to follow directions 5 4 3 2 1
3 Level of needed assistance 5 4 3 2 1
4 Student’s preparedness 5 4 3 2 1
5 Instructor’s discretion 5 4 3 2 1
6 Student’s attitude during 5 4 3 2 1
the completion of the
project
Total: /30

______________ ________________
Mr. Neil De Pano Javier, Patrick Cyrine
 Truss Type Airplane

Name: Javier, Patrick Cyrine S. Date: October 17, 2018

Subj-Sec: BS AMT- 6B Instructor: Mr. De Pano
 Objectives:
1. In order to know the truss type fuselage structure
2. To know the different parts of the fuselage
3. To know the proper fabric covering process

 Procedures:
1. Cut the sticks on its specified measurements.
2. Proceed on constructing the longerons.
3. Cut the specified sizes for the vertical and diagonal member
4. Connect the parts by using an adhesives
5. Cut some cheese cloth that’s exact on the fuselage
6. Attach it into the fuselage by putting adhesive on it.
7. Apply a varnish on the cloth and let it dry.

 Tools & Materials:

1. Popsicle Sticks
2. Bbq Sticks
3. Cheese Cloth
4. Varnish
5. Wood Glue
6. Glue Gun
7. Glue Stick
Rubrics:
Description Points Remarks

1 Job completion 5 4 3 2 1
2 Ability to follow directions 5 4 3 2 1
3 Level of needed assistance 5 4 3 2 1
4 Student’s preparedness 5 4 3 2 1
5 Instructor’s discretion 5 4 3 2 1
6 Student’s attitude during 5 4 3 2 1
the completion of the
project
Total: /30

______________ ________________
Mr. Neil De Pano Javier, Patrick Cyrine