RF System (Link Budget) Calculations

System Variables Variable Units Equation Value

Frequency f0 MHz 315
Speed of Light c m/s 299792458
Wavelength λ m λ = c/f0 0.9517220889

Block Variable Units Equation Value

PA Power PPA dBm 10
TX Match Loss LMatchT dB
TX source PTX dBm 10
TX connector loss LConT1 dB (from Connector Loss sheet) -0.57
TX cable loss LCabT dB (from Cable Loss sheet)

TX connector loss (remote antenna) LConT2 dB (from Connector Loss sheet)

TX power PT dBm PT = PTX(C&C Loss) 9.43

TX antenna gain GT dBi -15
Effective (Isotropic) Radiated Power EIRP dBm EIRP = PT GT -5.57
Distance d m 175
Channel Medium Loss Factor L0 dB (from Medium Loss sheet) 0
Free Space Loss LFS dB LFS = (λ/4πd)2 -67.2747552714
Power at RX Antenna, Free Space Path PChanFS dB PChanFS = LFSL0 EIRP -72.8447552714
Flat Earth Loss (Includes Ground Bounce) LFE dB (from Ground Multipath sheet) -92.734165755
Multipath Loss LMP dB
Obstruction Loss LObs-Total dB 0
Power at RX Antenna, Flat Earth Path PChanFE dB PChanFE = LFEL0LMPLObs EIRP -98.304165755
RX antenna gain GR dBi -15
RX connector loss LConR1 dB -0.57
RX cable loss LCabR dB
RX connector loss (remote antenna) LConR2 dB
RX power, Free Space Path PRFS dBm PRFS = PChanFS GR(C&C Loss) -88.4147552714
RX power, Flat Earth Path PRFE dBm PRFE = PChanFE GR(C&C Loss) -113.874165755

Receiver Sensitivity Calculations Variable Units Equation Value

RX Noise Figure NF dB 7
Operating Temperature T0 K 290
Effective Noise Temperature Te K Te = T0(NF - 1) 1163.442977519
Boltzmann's constant k J/K 1.38E-23
Receive Bandwidth BWRX MHz 0.012
Antenna Temperature TAnt K 300
Noise Power (at RX) Pn dBm Pn = k(TAnt + Te)BWRX -126.1556386257
Signal to Noise Ratio SNRRX dB SNRRX = PRX/Pn 12.1556386257
 -114
Sensitivity of Rx
Link Plot
Device Sensitivity -114

Signal Path Sensitivity

TX 10 -114 20
TX Ant -5.57 -114
RX Ant -98.304166 -114 0
RX -113.87417 -114 TX TX Ant RX Ant
-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140

Maxim TX Supply (V) PA Output Maxim RX Frequency (

MAX1472 2.1 6 MAX1470 315
2.7 10.3 433.92
3.6 13.7 MAX1471 315
MAX1479 2.1 5.3 315
2.7 10 433.92
3.6 12.2 433.92
MAX7030 2.1 6.7 MAX1473 315
3.6 13.1 433.92
MAX7031 2.1 6.7 MAX7030 315
3.6 13.1 433.92
MAX7032 2.1 6.7 MAX7031 315
3.6 13.1 433.92
MAX7044 2.1 9 MAX7032 315
2.7 12.5 433.92
3.6 15.8 315
MAX7049 2.1 15 433.92
3.6 15 MAX7033 315
MAX7057 2.1 5.2 433.92
3.6 12.6 MAX7034 315
MAX7058 2.1 5.9 433.92
3.6 13.3 MAX7036 315
MAX7060 2.1 14.5 433.92
3.6 14.5 MAX7042 315
433.92
All numbers are based on Datasheet conditions
All numbers are based on Datasheet conditions
X Ant RX

Modulation Sensitivity (dBm)

ASK -109
ASK -104
ASK -114
FSK -108
ASK -114
FSK -108
ASK -114
ASK
ASK -114
ASK -113
FSK -110
FSK -107
ASK -114
ASK -113
FSK -110
FSK -107
ASK -114
ASK
ASK -114
ASK -113
ASK -109
ASK -107
FSK -110
FSK -109

e based on Datasheet conditions

Ground Multipath Loss
<block diagram> 0
Free Space Loss Est. Flat Earth Loss
-10
Exact Flat Earth Loss

-20

-30

-40

Path Loss (dB)

-50

-60
Reference Maxim Application Note AN3586
-70
Ground Reflection Path Loss
-80
System Variables Variable Units Equation Value
TX height hTX m 1 -90
RX height hRX m 1 Range (meters)
Distance d m (from Link Budget sheet) 175 -100
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
Direct Path d1 m d1 = (d2+(hTX-hRX)2)1/2 175
Reflection Path d2 m d2 = (d2+(hTX+hRX)2)1/2 175.0114282

Free Space Est. Flat Earth Exact Flat

Reflection Path Δ Δd m Δd = d2 - d1 0.0114281983 Distance Index Distance Delta d Loss Loss Earth Loss
Estimated Reflection Path Δ Δde m Δde = 2hTXhRX/d 0.0114285714 0 2.0 0.8284271247 -28.43459421 -15.05149978 -33.47372226
Wavelength λ m (from Link Budget sheet) 0.9517220889 1 2.1 0.8027964634 -28.81647641 -15.81526418 -32.3267052
Normalized Ground Bounce Amplitude a none 1 2 2.2 0.7763802081 -29.21441393 -16.61113922 -31.44410884
Loss From Ground Bounce Cancellation LGB dB LGB =10log10(0.5(1+a2-2acos(2πΔd/λ))) -25.459410484 3 2.3 0.7492653629 -29.62831801 -17.43894738 -30.77504463
Free Space Loss LFS dB LFS = 10log10(λ/4πd)2 -67.274755271 4 2.4 0.7215515921 -30.05804216 -18.29839569 -30.28633475
Flat Earth Loss LFE dB LFE = LGB+ LFS -92.734165755 5 2.5 0.6933500628 -30.50338431 -19.18907998 -29.95517186
6 2.7 0.6647818157 -30.96408965 -20.11049065 -29.76512669
Ground Reflection Path Loss Approximation (for d > 5(h TX+hRX)) 7 2.8 0.6359756965 -31.4398542 -21.06201975 -29.70381893
System Variables Variable Units Equation Value 8 3.0 0.6070659151 -31.93032895 -22.04296925 -29.76148411
Estimated Flat Earth Loss* LFEe dB LFEe = 10log10(hTX2hRX2/2d4) -92.731821904 9 3.2 0.5781893316 -32.43512442 -23.05256019 -29.93005728

Estimated Ground Bounce Cancellation Loss LGBe dB = LFEe - LFS -25.457066633 10 3.4 0.5494825907 -32.95381557 -24.08994249 -30.20257269
11 3.6 0.5210792433 -33.48594693 -25.15420522 -30.57276717
* Introduction to RF Propagation, John S. Seybold, p.172 12 3.8 0.4931069943 -34.03103781 -26.24438699 -31.03482013
13 4.1 0.4656852105 -34.5885875 -27.35948637 -31.58318856
14 4.3 0.4389227967 -35.15808033 -28.49847201 -32.21250885
15 4.6 0.4129165224 -35.73899052 -29.6602924 -32.917546
16 5.0 0.3877498439 -36.33078681 -30.84388498 -33.6931755
17 5.3 0.3634922335 -36.93293667 -32.0481847 -34.53438709
18 5.7 0.3401989924 -37.54491016 -33.27213169 -35.43630164
19 6.1 0.3179115013 -38.16618342 -34.5146782 -36.39419494
20 6.6 0.2966578396 -38.79624167 -35.77479471 -37.40352335
21 7.1 0.2764536971 -39.43458187 -37.05147509 -38.45994807
22 7.6 0.2573034975 -40.08071487 -38.34374111 -39.55935576
23 8.2 0.2392016559 -40.7341673 -39.65064597 -40.69787419
24 8.9 0.2221339023 -41.39448294 -40.97127724 -41.87188251
25 9.6 0.2060786116 -42.06122383 -42.30475902 -43.07801617
26 10.4 0.1910080942 -42.73397107 -43.6502535 -44.31316678
27 11.2 0.1768898115 -43.4123253 -45.00696196 -45.57447776
28 12.1 0.1636874933 -44.09590696 -46.37412528 -46.85933638
29 13.1 0.1513621432 -44.78435631 -47.75102397 -48.16536309
30 14.2 0.1398729239 -45.47733328 -49.13697791 -49.4903988
31 15.4 0.1291779242 -46.17451717 -50.5313457 -50.83249086
32 16.7 0.1192348105 -46.87560621 -51.93352379 -52.18987836
33 18.1 0.1100013702 -47.58031702 -53.34294539 -53.5609771
34 19.7 0.1014359573 -48.28838396 -54.75907927 -54.94436473
35 21.3 0.0934978478 -48.99955848 -56.18142832 -56.33876638
36 23.2 0.0861475192 -49.71360838 -57.60952812 -57.74304089
37 25.2 0.0793468606 -50.43031704 -59.04294545 -59.1561678
38 27.3 0.0730593259 -51.14948267 -60.48127669 -60.57723532
39 29.7 0.067250037 -51.87091747 -61.92414631 -62.00542914
40 32.3 0.0618858475 -52.59444695 -63.37120525 -63.4400222
41 35.1 0.0569353715 -53.31990905 -64.82212947 -64.88036544
42 38.2 0.0523689865 -54.0471535 -66.27661837 -66.3258793
43 41.5 0.0481588131 -54.77604102 -67.73439339 -67.7760462
44 45.1 0.0442786792 -55.50644262 -69.19519661 -69.23040367
45 49.1 0.04070407 -56.23823899 -70.65878934 -70.68853831
46 53.4 0.0374120692 -56.97131977 -72.12495091 -72.15008032
47 58.2 0.0343812925 -57.70558301 -73.59347739 -73.61469867
48 63.3 0.0315918173 -58.44093455 -75.06418045 -75.08209681
49 68.9 0.029025109 -59.17728745 -76.53688626 -76.55200883
50 75.0 0.0266639468 -59.91456154 -78.01143444 -78.02419612
51 81.6 0.0244923486 -60.65268287 -79.4876771 -79.49844432
52 88.9 0.0224954974 -61.39158327 -80.9654779 -80.97456071
53 96.8 0.0206596695 -62.13119994 -82.44471123 -82.45237186
54 105.4 0.0189721643 -62.87147502 -83.92526139 -83.93172153
55 114.8 0.0174212373 -63.61235523 -85.40702183 -85.41246883
56 125.0 0.0159960352 -64.35379155 -86.88989447 -86.89448663
57 136.2 0.0146865352 -65.09573884 -88.37378904 -88.37766006
58 148.3 0.0134834861 -65.83815557 -89.8586225 -89.86188527
59 161.6 0.0123783539 -66.58100355 -91.34431847 -91.34706828
60 175.0 0.0114281983 -67.27475527 -92.7318219 -92.73416576
Cable Loss
System Variables Variable Units Equation Value Cable Type @1GHz
Attenuation at 1GHz GCab1G dB/100 f -20 RG-58C/U -20
Length of Cable dCab m 0.61 RG-142B/U -13
Cable Loss Factor Lcab dB -0.400262 RG-174A/U -31
RG-8X -13.5

2 f = 0.6096m
 Pasternack Enterprisese, Catalog 2008B, p254-256

f = 0.6096m
Obstructions Loss
<block diagram>

Block Variable Units Equation

First Obstruction Loss LObs1 dB
Second Obstruction Loss LObs2 dB
Third Obstruction Loss LObs3 dB
Fourth Obstruction Loss LObs4 dB
Fifh Obstruction Loss LObs5 dB
Total Obstruction Loss LObs-Total dB

Obstruction Loss Figure

Interior Wall 3.0 dB
Exterior Wall 10.0 dB
Window 2.0 dB
Electronic Design - Top 5 Engineering Essentials, Louis E. Frenzel, © 2011 Penton, p.5

Light Internal Wall (plaster board), Window 3.4 dB

Concrete or Brick Internal Wall 6.9 dB
Floor (reinforced concrete <30cm thick) 18.3 dB
Indoor Wireless RF Channels , John S. Davis, © 1993 1995 1997 www.WirelessCommunication.NL

<25% Forested 5.0 dB

25 to <50% Forested 10.0 dB
50 to <75% Forested 15.0 dB
>=75% Forested 20.0 dB
Dense Swamp 25.0 dB
Rural Land Development 0.0 dB
Town Development 5.0 dB
Suburban Development 10.0 dB
City Development 15.0 dB
Dense Urban Development 20.0 dB
Residential and Light Commercial Buildings 5.0 dB
Small to Medium Offices, Stores, or Factories 10.0 dB
Large Commercial Buildings or Shopping Malls 15.0 dB
Typical Automobile 10.0 dB
800 to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Propagation Characteristics, Chris Fagas, WB2VVV, ©
Value
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0