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Analysis of M/LWD tools & Directional Drilling

A Summer Internship Report

Submitted by

Sonu Kumar Patel(R820216124)

In partial fulfilment of the requirements

For the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In

APPLIED PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

With specialization in GAS Under the

guidance of

Mr Mukesh Panchal (DD)

Mr Pranav Kumar Singh (L/MWD)
MDDS, Almansoori Petroleum Services, Silchar

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES
Bidholi Campus, Energy Acres, Dehradun-248007.
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CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the MR. Sonu Kumar Patel has successfully completed his
summer internship of 4 weeks from 01.06.2019 to 30.06.2018 under my guidance. He
has worked on Analysis Of M/LWD Tools & Directional Drilling.

These Projects have also borrowed knowledge from various web books having
sometimes reproduced that information but without any intentions of Copyright
violations. For any such unintentional violations we shall not be held liable.

Mr Mukesh Panchal (DD) Date:

Mr Pranav Kumar Singh (L/MWD) Place:
MDDS, Almansoori Petroleum Services,silchar
Assam, India
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The internship opportunity I had with Almansoori Petroleum Services was a great chance
for learning and towards professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a
very lucky individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it.

I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. D.K. Gupta for providing help and advice throughout
the time at University of Petroleum and Energy Studies and to the academic members Dr.
Pushpa Sharma, Mr Somnath Banerjee, for their attention and assistance.

I render a strong sense of indebtedness to Dr. Pushpa Sharma(PIC,AC,CC)for granting

me this opportunity and associating me with this prestigious company. I am highly
grateful to Mr. Gandhi for providing me this opportunity. I would like to thank
Mr. Mukesh Panchal & Pranav Kumar Singh for his valuable guidance and
encouragement during the course of the project.

I pay my thanks to Staff at ONGC RIG whose expertise, guidance and cooperation
have helped me immensely during the entire tenure of my project. They have helped me
a lot in learning all the basics and minute details regarding my project.

Sonu Kumar Patel

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

History

Life Rules

Pulser

Bus Master

Pressure while drilling

Gamma ray

Resistivity

Density

Neutron

Directional

Downhole Mud Motor

Rotary Steerable System

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AlMansoori Specialized Engineering is the leading provider of oilfield services in

the Middle East. Founded in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in 1977, the
company has grown to employ a skilled workforce of nearly 3,000 across 24
countries throughout the region.

Our business divisions, AlMansoori Petroleum Services (AMPS) and

AlMansoori Petroleum Industries (AMPI) segregate their serviceability into
Services Unit and Manufacturing / Fabrication units respectively, and deliver
seamless project management for our clients across our multiple services.

Our capabilities cover a spectrum of activities for the upstream Oil and Gas
industry including Production Testing and Early Production Facilities; Drill Stem
Testing; Coiled Tubing; Slickline and Completions; Logging and Tubing
Conveyed Perforation; Workover Drilling; Tubular and Rig Inspection;
Directional Drilling; Safety Training; Manpower Supply; Oilfield Manufacturing
and Strategic Joint Ventures.

We ensure that every job we undertake is delivered to the very highest standards.
Our modern, world-class facilities are equipped with the latest technology and are
run by a team of highly skilled and trained personnel, delivering genuine and
measurable value to our clients.

Health and Safety are integral to AlMansoori's culture. We care about the safety
of our employees and clients and are extremely proud of our integrated Health,
Safety, Environment and Quality Management System (HSEQ MS) which is
implemented throughout the company. We are fully certified to the latest
international HSEQ standards, which we are committed to enforcing, as a
company and as individuals. All our activities are covered by robust risk and
emergency management plans as we continually aim to improve our HSEQ
performance. Internal assessments, external audits and inspections ensure our
HSEQ processes are appropriate and effective.

Whatever your engineering requirements, our ideas, skills and experience give us
the power to deliver the right answers with the highest quality
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AlMansoori Petroleum Services (AMPS) was originally established in 1977 as

AlMansoori Specialized Engineering (MSE) to provide oilfield services in Abu Dhabi,
United Arab Emirates. Since then we have grown to become the leading regional
provider of oilfield services in the Middle East & North Africa. The company now has
nearly 2,000 employees working in 24 countries providing a variety of oilfield services
including:

 Production Testing& Early Production Facilities

 Coiled Tubing & Stimulation
 Drill Stem testing (DST)
 Tubing Conveyed Perforating (TCP)
 Slickline and Completion
 Logging Services
 Workover Drilling
 Tubular & Rig Inspection
 Directional Drilling
 H2S and Safety Services
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AlMansoori certified and adopted the latest HSEQ standard based on the ISO-9001 for
Quality Management System, ISO-14001:2004. for Environmental Management System
and 18001 OHSAS (Occupational Health & Safety Management System) all are
integrated to one HSEQ Management System.

People at all levels in AlMansoori Corporation are responsible for leading and engaging
the workforce in meeting our HSEQ objectives and targets.

Management of risk is a continuous process and the cornerstone of all the HSEQ elements.
We regularly identify the hazards and assess the risks associated with our activities. We
take all the appropriate action to manage the risks and prevent or reduce the impact of
potential accidents.

People's behavior is critical to HSEQ performance; therefore, our workforce are carefully
selected and trained, and their skills and competencies regularly assessed.

All our activities performed to ensure safe, secure, healthy, high quality and
environmentally sound performance.

Emergency management plans are maintained to cover all our operations. These plans will
identify equipment, training and personnel necessary to protect the workforce, customers,
public, environment and our reputation in the event of an accident.

Accidents will be reported, investigated and analyzed to prevent recurrence and improve
our HSEQ performance. Our investigations will focus on root causes and/or system
failures. Corrective actions and preventive measures will be utilized to reduce future
injuries and losses.

We periodically assess the implementation of HSEQ IMS to assure our customers and
ourselves that management processes are in place and working effectively. This will
involve both internal self-assessments and appropriate external audits and inspections. We
use this information to continuously improve our HSEQ performance
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 PULSER
Mud-pulse telemetry systems modulate the flow of drilling fluid, encoding
downhole data in pressure pulses that propagate up the drillstring and are detected
by pressure transducers at surface.
Our JetPulse™ High-Speed Telemetry Service delivers large amounts of data to
help you enhance reservoir understanding and maximize production.
Our Positive Pulse Service has a proven track record in every location and types
of assets to deliver downhole data. Available for all hole sizes, and with the
addition of SOLAR® Service, operates up 347°F (175°C). Its reliable
performance helps reduce your well time.

Pulser is an Electro-hydraulic unit. It serves two important purposes :

 It transmits the data acquired by M/LWD sensors in the form
of pulses by utilizing a poppet and an orifice to restrict the
flow of mud to create pressure, thus enabling the deliveration
of downhole information to surface in real-time.
 It generates electrical power which is fed to the M/LWD tools
which eliminates the use of battery power.
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 Bus master
Logging-while-drilling (LWD) sensors acquire formation evaluation data to help
you gain greater reservoir insight, leading to timely decision-making and more
precise well placement.
Almansoori specialized Engineering Drilling offers a wide array of LWD sensors
that can be engineered to provide specific reservoir data for multiple applications,
including petrophysical analysis, geomechanical analysis, and reservoir fluid
characterization, enabling you to enhance reservoir understanding and reduce well
time of your drilling projects.
Let us help you maximize the value of your assets through increased production
and lower costs every step of the way.

 Bus master is a microprocessor.

 Bus master controls the entire of M/LWD tools BHA.

 It detects excess current on tool.

 It stores the information received from all other tools to be sent to the
pulser.

 It also converts the information obtained in different forms into electrical

form.
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 PRESSURE WHILE DRILLING

Downhole pressure measurements are provided by Drilling Services' PWD
service, which consists of high-accuracy quartz pressure gauges measuring annular
and bore pressure.
The PWD data have a number of valuable applications, including:
 Accurate downhole measurement of equivalent circulating density (ECD)
 Kick detection, including shallow water flows
 Swab/surge pressure monitoring while tripping and reaming
 Monitoring of hole cleaning
 Accurate downhole measurement of hydrostatic pressure and effective mud weight
 Accurate leak-off test (LOT) and formation integrity test (FIT) data without
circulating to condition the mud

PWD sensor improves drilling efficiency by providing two important pressure

measurements:
 Bore Pressure
 Annular Pressure
The pressure measurements made are converted into electrical signals with the help
of transducers. Transducers use a piezo-electric crystal and have an oil filled
bladder to protect them from drilling mud
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 GAMMA RAY TOOL

Measurement of the natural gamma rays emitted by various elements in the
formation. Gamma ray logs are helpful for quantifying shaliness, well-to-well
correlation, depth correlation between open- and cased-hole logs, and for
correlation between logging runs.

 Gamma Ray Tool is primarily used for depth correlation – Formation

markers, TVD Depths, well to well, run to run in same well, open hole and
cased hole in same well.
 It is used to quantify shale volume.

DETECTORS : Geiger-Muller and Scintillation Detectors

 Geiger-Muller Detector
Low Pressure inert gas (Argon) is filled in tube. Incoming Gamma Ray causes
ionization of gas. Electrons are attracted towards the central anode and cause a
brief electric current.

 Scintillation Detector
Uses a scintillation crystal (NaI-Ti) and a PhotoMultiplier Tube (PMT) to detect
and count the gamma rays.
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 RESISTIVITY TOOL
Recording what’s below the subsurface can help you identify where hydrocarbons
are located in your reservoir. Resistivity logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools gather
data to determine which formations are filled with water (good conductors of
electricity) and those filled with hydrocarbons (poor conductors of electricity). The
combination of resistivity logs and porosity measurements aids in estimating water
or oil saturation, and evaluating the producibilty of the formation.

Almansoori Drilling LWD resistivity tools offer different types of resistivity

sensors to accurately detect variations in resistivity around the borehole, from a
few inches (centimeters) to hundreds of feet (meters) away. This allows you to
safely and confidently navigate and geosteer through complex geologic structures,
while maximizing exposure of the well to the most productive zones.

Resistivity Tool is used for measuring the resistivity of the formation. It helps to
differentiate between formations filled with hydrocarbons (higher resistivity) and
water (lower resistivity).

 Principle – It induces an electromagnetic wave from each of its four

transmitters and measures the interaction of waves with the formation as
they pass between the two receivers by determining the attenuation
(dampening) and change in wavelength
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 DENSITY TOOL
The measurement of formation density is an essential component in
accurate reservoir evaluation, helping the petrophysicist to determine the
porosity of the rock and to estimate total reserves. Porosity represents the
amount of space available within the rock matrix for fluids, and defines how
much total volume of fluid is present in a reservoir. Without this
information, and a determination of which type of fluid is present (oil, water
or gas), a petrophysicist would be unable to estimate the reserves of
hydrocarbon that exist in the reservoir. Moreover, azimuthal borehole
images based on density help the geologist to understand the reservoir
structure.
The combination of the azimuthal lithodensity (ALD™) and compensated
thermal neutron (CTN™) sensors helps operators with valuable information
about the reservoir such as:
 Formation Evaluation – Make critical porosity measurements and
distinguish between liquid and gas, all during drilling operations when the
borehole is in its best condition.
 Reservoir Structure and Well Placement – Density images can help
determine the positions and orientations of formation boundaries and fault
planes, helping the operator to understand the size and shape of the
reservoir and to place the well optimally within it.
 Wellbore Stability – Ultrasonic measurements help determine the borehole
geometry in real time, providing an early indication of stress-related
borehole breakout, allowing the operator to apply timely mitigating
techniques to maintain borehole integrity.
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 NEUTRON TOOL

 Measures the count rate of neutrons which is inversely related to porosity.

 Neutron source (AmBe241) emits fast neutrons which are slowed down to
thermal neutrons and absorbed due to the interaction with hydrogen
present in the form of water and hydrocarbons in the pore space.
 Count rate is inversely proportional to porosity.
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 DIRECTIONAL TOOL
 Uses triaxial accelerometers, triaxial magnetometers and gyros to
determine wellbore inclination, azimuth and toolface orientation.
 Gyros maintain a preset direction (generally true north) and thus provide a
 stabilized reference for measuring the azimuth.
 Accelerometers measure the components of the earth’s gravitational field
and provide hole inclination.
 Magnetometers measure the components of the earth’s magnetic field to
provide the azimuth.
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DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Directional Drilling is defined as the practice of controlling the direction and

deviation of a wellbore to a predetermined underground target or location.

 DOWNHOLE MUD MOTOR

 ROTORY STEERABLE SYSTEM
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DOWNHOLE MUD MOTOR

The drilling motors from Almansoori Drilling Services offer a wide range of
configurations to meet your needs. These motors have the power, torque, and speed
to drill with the most aggressive polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits for
specific downhole conditions or well designs. Using the latest available technology
and materials, the Halliburton motors can be used in an extensive range of drilling
applications, such as:
 Vertical, directional, and
horizontal wells
 High temperature
 Synthetic-, oil-, and water-based mud systems
 Performance drilling
 Extended-reach wells
 Shale plays
 Motor above rotary steerable system - MARSS
 Configurable power sections
 A range of modular power sections is available to match the motor output
to the specific requirements of each project and the style of bit. We offer:
 High-speed motors for drilling in harder formations, where diamond
impregnated bits are preferred
 Slower-speed motors that match the rpm requirements of roller cone bits

 Low and medium speed motors with very high torque output for maximum
rate of penetration (ROP) and long life downhole, where PDC bits are
optimal

Power section Transmission section Bearing Section

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 POWER SECTION
 DUMP VALVE: To prevent the motor rotating while running in or pulling out
of the hole. It has radial ports that are open when the pumps are shut off
and closed under the increased pressure of the mud pumps.
 ROTOR: Steel shaft in the form of a spiral or helix.
 STATOR: Moulded rubber sleeve fixed to the steel body of the motor.

The stator should have more lobe than the rotor so that a fluid passageway is
created. The difference in geometry between the two components creates a series
of cavities. To pass through these cavities, the mud has to displace the shaft,
hence named Positive Displacement Motor.
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 TRANSMISSION SECTION
 UNIVERSAL JOINT: Converts eccentric motion of the rotor
to concentric before transmission to the bit. A ball joint
surrounded around by a rubber sleeve (CV boot) and filled
with oil to prevent contamination by mud is used.
 ANGLE SECTION: Consists of an adjustable bent housing
(splan mandrel, adjusting ring and offset housing). The
adjusting ring can be adjusted to set angles from 0- 3°.
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 BEARING SECTION
 The durability of the bearings determine the operating life of
the motor. Any bearing failure will force pulling out of the
motor.
Bearing Section serves two important purposes:
 It uses thrust bearings to transmit the axial load to the bit.
 It uses radial bearings to maintain the central position of the
drive shaft to ensure smooth rotation.
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 ROTARY STEERABLE SYSTEM

 Rotary Steerable System uses the point-the-bit or push-the-bit

system to steer the bit by tilting it in the direction of the
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desired curve.

 It uses three focal points to achieve the deflection:

 First focal point acts like a ball joint, allowing the drive shaft
to flex, bit to tilt, thus “pointing the bit”.

 Second focal point bends the shaft.

 Third focal point prevents the shaft from bending beyond this point.

 MAINCOMPONENTS
The power unit assembly comprises an oil reservoir, lithium
battery insert and an electronics insert.

 Oil reservoir to maintain slight positive pressure in the tool with

respect to the
hydrostatic pressure.

 Lithium battery insert provides electrical power.

 Electronics insert serves as the brain of the tool.

Actuator has the gear assembly and mechanism which enables

the bending of the shaft.

Bearing Section comprises focal bearing to tilt the bit in the desired direction.
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