when they do differ, the first retains its literal
Idiomatic Expressions and Collocations
meaning and the second loses it. Objective Question 1 In this lesson, you should be able to What are words that usually go together? understand both context clues and COLLOCATIONS collocations to determine the meaning of They are words that usually go together to idiomatic expressions. formulate an expression. Learn about it! Question 2 Collocations What are words that are put together to These are words that usually go together. But, form a new meaning? not all words can be combined. Native English Idiomatic expressions are words that are speakers will never say 'big traffic' to say that put together to form a new meaning there are lots of cars on the road. Though it is Question 3 grammatically correct, it just doesn't sound Match the word with its characteristics. right. The correct phrase used is heavy traffic. Drag the items in the correct category box Idiomatic Expressions below. Unlike collocations, these words are put collocations together forming a new meaning. It is the literal meaning is kept informal English or what we may call slang. Example: words that usually go together I know how much you wanted to make it to the finals. I'm sorry to say this; You were idiomatic experessions close, but no cigar. informal English Explanation: The expression, 'close, but no cigar' means words are put together forming a new that something or someone is very near but did not make it to a destination or goal. It has meaning and idiomatic expressions nothing to do with a cigar. Collocations Learn about it! are similar in a way that they are Example: composed of two or more words put together. However, they do differ. The The coast is clear! Dave, you can come out first retains its literal meaning and the now, she is gone. second loses it. Explanation: Question 4 In the previous sentence we have the As a token of appreciation, we have given idiomatic expression 'the coast is clear'. Put Jack a set of golf clubs for his years of that aside for a moment and look at the rest loyal service. of the sentence. 'Dave, you can come out What do you think 'a token of now, she's gone'. The phrase 'come out' is a appreciation' means? collocation which means to stop hiding. 'She's Correct! gone' tells us that the person Dave is hiding 2a show of thanks from has already left. From this, we can now A token of appreciation means "a show of come up with the conclusion that it is now thanks" for Jack's loyalty. safe for Dave to come out because the person Next question he is hiding from has already left. It can now 1a show of happiness be assumed that the expression 'the coast is 3a show of grief 4a show of sympathy clear'was used as announcement that Question 5 everything is fine now, that there is no danger Italyas' pizza is the best. I love eating of being caught. there. For me, it is second to none. Do you understand? What do you think 'second to Collocations and idiomatic expressions are none' means? similar in a way that they are composed of Correct! two or more words put together. However, 1the best By reading the previous sentences you can 4hit the sack conclude that the person thinks Italyas is hit the sack the best pizza. It means Trisha needs to go to sleep Next question before her exam tomorrow. The other 2waste of time lines don't match the meaning in the 3no payment sentence. 4cheap 1rain cats and dogs Question 6 2play video games Relax, in a few weeks you will find your 3bring home the bacon feet and do your job well. Question 10 What does 'find your feet' mean? The nuns gave her a _________ to Correct! signify their gratefulness for her 4to become familiar with and confident in generosity. a new situation What do you think is the best set of words The rest of the sentence gives clues as to to complete the sentence? what the meaning is. Correct! Next question 2token of appreciation 1to find shoes token of appreciation 2to find missing documents Keywords in the sentence are generosity 3to become jobless and gratefulness. Question 7 1sack of potatoes I am so sleepy, can't this wait till 3piece of cake tomorrow? Let's hit the sack. 4hit the sack What do you think 'hit the sack' means? Correct! 2go to bed Idiomatic Expressions If you are sleepy, what would you most Objective likely do? Of course, go to bed. That is the This lesson aims to teach you how to use meaning of the phrase, "hit the sack". appropriate strategies in unlocking the Next question meaning of unfamiliar words and idiomatic 1sit down expressions. 3talk What do you do when you encounter a 4do sack racing difficult word when you read? Question 8 Learn about it! Mel has been doing his job for 20 years. What is an idiomatic expression? He is good at it. This project should be A combination of words that have a figurative a________ for him. meaning What do you think is the best set of words The combination of words are not meant to to complete the sentence? be taken literally Correct! Idioms occur in all languages. 4piece of cake This means it is going to be easy for him The meaning cannot be inferred from the because he is good at it. The other group words in the expression. of words does not fit the meaning. Learn about it! Next question "My annoying brother is a thorn in my 1second to none side." 2hit the sack The phrase - "Thorn in my side" - is 3break a leg considered as an idiom. Question 9 Idioms do not exactly or literally mean what Trisha has been studying all night. She the individual words in them say. This means will need to __________ anytime now that the brother in the sentence does not so she can have enough sleep. have any "thorns" (sharp parts of a plant, like What do you think is the best set of words those on a rose stem) sticking into the to complete the sentence? author/speaker's "side" of the body. Correct! But what does the idiom "thorn in my side" 3A combinations of words that have a mean? Here are steps to find out: figurative meaning. Picture or imagine the idiom in your head no Question 2 matter how silly or strange it seems. A thorn Which of these is not a step in sticking out from your side would probably be determining the meaning of an idiom? painful and awkward. Correct! Use Context clues. Context clues are hints 4use the dictionary Using the dictionary is not a step because that can be found in the surrounding words idioms are sometimes culturally based and sentences and give you additional and cannot be found in an ordinary information on what the author wants to say. dictionary. Read the statement - "My annoying brother is Next question a thorn on my side." again. Notice that the 1infer the meaning by putting the ideas author used the word "annoying" to describe together his brother. 2picture or imagine the idiom We can then infer that the author's brother is 3use context clues someone who gives pain emotionally. And Question 3 therefore conclude that - "Thorn in my Arrange the steps in finding the meaning side" is something that can constantly of an idiom based on the lesson. irritate. Correct! Learn about it! Get the dictionary to help you look for the Idiomatic expressions add color in how we meaning of the word. communicate. They also make our text or Any items that do not fit in the order conversations more interesting. Take a look at should be left here. Correct Order the following idioms below: Picture or imagine the idiom in your head. "Thomas had to hold his tongue even if he Use context clues. Context clues are hints wanted to tell Chris the secret." that can be found in the surrounding Using the strategies presented earlier, we can words and sentences and give you infer that the idiom - hold his additional information on what the author tongue means refraining from saying. wants to say. "The metro is flooded since it has been raining Infer the meaning based on the cats and dogs since this morning." information you got. Using the strategies presented earlier, we can Correct sequence: infer that the idiom raining cats and Picture or imagine the idiom in your head. dogs means non-stop strong rains. Use context clues. Context clues are hints Tip that can be found in the surrounding Idioms have their own unique meaning that words and sentences and give you can only be understood by people who speak additional information on what the author the same language. wants to say. Infer the meaning based on the Question 1 information you got. Which is not a definition of an idiomatic Question 4 expression based on the lesson? Determine the meaning of Correct! the idiom which is italicized in the 4A group of words that are taken literally. statement below: The statement, "A group of words that are Fresh out of high school, I felt like a fish taken literally." is the exact opposite of the out of water when I stepped into the definition. university. Next question Correct! 1The combinations of words are not 1uncomfortable in an unfamiliar place meant to be taken literally. Based on context clues, you may infer that 2The meaning cannot be inferred from the "fish out of water" means "uncomfortable words in the expression. in an unfamiliar place". Next question 2confident in an unfamiliar place 1went to sleep 3cannot breathe in water Based on context clues, you may infer that 4desire to eat fish in a new place "hit the hay" means "went to sleep". Question 5 Next question Determine the meaning of 2worked in the farm the idiom which is italicized in the 3hit his head statement below: 4dealt a blow Hearing about the victims of the latest Question 9 typhoon created a lump in my throat. Determine the meaning of Correct! the idiom which is italicized in the 2feeling of sadness statement below: Based on context clues, you may infer that Alvin's assignment was a piece of cake, he "lump in my throat" means a "feeling of even had time to go to the bakery after. sadness". Correct! Next question 4easy 1gratitude Based on context clues, you may infer that 3sore throat "piece of cake" means "easy". 4painful Next question Question 6 1something sweet Determine the meaning of 2type of pastry the idiom which is italicized in the 3difficult statement below: Question 10 The plans of the rebels went up in Determine the meaning of smoke as their tactician fell into the hands the idiom which is italicized in the of authorities. statement below: Correct! Take her comments with a grain of salt. 2failed She didn't mean to hurt you. Based on context clues, you may infer that Correct! "went up in smoke" means "failed". 2Do not take the comment seriously. Next question Based on context clues, you may infer that 1caught fire "grain of salt" means not taking the 3disappeared in air comment seriously. 4pushed through Finish quiz Question 7 1It is too small to count. Determine the meaning of 3Remember it and use in the future. the idiom which is italicized in the 4Use condiments in your cooking. statement below: Jerome has become hard as nails after he lost everything when his house caught fire. Words of the Local Culture Incorrect! Objective 3emotional This lesson aims to teach the students how to Based on context clues, you may infer that determine the meaning of words and "hard as nails" means having "no expressions that reflect the local culture by sentiments for anyone". noting content clues. Next question Can you think of words that are official to 1hard-headed your group of friends? 2nailed the wood for his new house Learn about it! 4no sentiments for anyone Have you encountered words in a text which Question 8 you cannot understand since it is in Determine the meaning of a different language/dialect or words that the idiom which is italicized in the refer to an unfamiliar culture? You will statement below: notice them since they are usually italicized Ms. Lorenzo hit the hay after a long day of work. by the author. Using context clues is an Correct! effective way to determine the meaning of It is important for Thais to practice sanuk, these words. this is to offset their everyday struggles with Context Clues are statements that precede work. or come after the specific word or expression. Explanation: They provide us clues or hints that contribute Notice how the concept of sanuk was used; it to the meaning of the word. Different ways was compared to everyday struggles with on how context clues are used include: work. You can deduce that it means having synonyms or translation, antonym, fun. description, explanation, and comparison. Tip Learn about it! Incorporating local words or expressions Synonym/Translation allow us to learn more about the culture of Example: others. This can be in the form of There are still some people in Siquijor who philosophies, values, history, spirituality, arts, believe in barang or sorcery. religion, music, etc. Explanation: Question 1 Notice the word "barang" and how its What is an effective way to know the synonym or translation - "sorcery" came after definition of words that are from an it.* unfamiliar culture? Antonym Correct! Example: Filipinos value the bayanihan system, unlike Using context clues is an effective way in Western culture wherein individuals prefer to determine the meaning of these words. self-reliance. Context Clues are statements that Explanation: precede or come after the specific word or Notice the concept "bayanihan" and its expression. They provide us clues or hints opposite - "self-reliance" that came after it. that contribute to the meaning of the word. With this in mind, we can deduce that Question 2 "bayanihan" is associated with helping each Which of these is not a kind of context other out and camaraderie.* clue used to unlock the meaning of words Description that are exclusive to a group? Example: Correct! The origami that Hiro created came in 3images different colors; he folded the paper Context clues are words within a sentence systematically to create different animals like or the surrounding sentences that help the cranes, frogs, and pandas. reader determine the meaning of a Explanation: difficult word, therefore, it cannot be Notice the word "origami" and how the text images. described what it is. Next question Learn about it! 1antonymns Explanation 2synonymns Example: 4explanation Jan makes sure to maintain his gengsi, since Question 3 it is important for Indonesians to project a Which of these is not a kind of context positive outer appearance to create an aura clue used to unlock the meaning of words of status. that are exclusive to a group? Explanation: Correct! Notice the concept gengsi and how the text 4research Research is an extensive body of work, explained what it is. therefore, it is not appropriate for context Comparison clues. Example: Next question 1explanation 2description 3comparison Based on context clues, you may infer that Question 4 "Ditse" is a "sister", and to be more Determine the meaning of the italicized specific - the second eldest sister. word in the statement below: Next question "Mr. Cheng served us hakaw, a Chinese 1singer delicacy wherein shrimp is wrapped 2mother around a thin layer of gluten." 3friend Incorrect! Question 8 4sea creature Determine the meaning of the italicized Based on context clues, "served" and word in the statement below: "Chinese delicacy" you may infer that "Sepak takraw allows players to use their "Hakaw" is a type of cuisine. head, feet and knee to exchange a rattan Next question ball over a net." 1restaurant Correct! 2cuisine 4sport 3dessert Based on context clues, you may infer that Question 5 "Sepak takraw" is a type of "sport". Determine the meaning of the italicized Next question word in the statement below: 1activity "We are joining next week's karakol in 2body part Cavite. We will be lining up in the streets, 3tree dance in honor of saints, with the brass Question 9 band playing in the background." Determine the meaning of the italicized Incorrect! word in the statement below: 3prayer vigil "The balimbing which I picked up from Based on context clues, you may infer that the orchard is rich in vitamin C but is "Karakol" refers to a "parade". harmful to individuals having kidney Next question ailments." 1parade Correct! 2program 3fruit 4contest Based on context clues, you may infer that Question 6 "Balimbing" is a type of "fruit". Determine the meaning of the italicized Next question word in the statement below: 1person "For one whole month, Nur 2place practiced sawm. He refrained from eating 4ailment anything from sunrise up until sunset." Question 10 Correct! Determine the meaning of the italicized 3fasting word in the statement below: Based on context clues, you may infer that "The elders took part in mahjong wherein "Sawm" means "fasting". tiles with Chinese characters and symbols Next question are used for recreation." 1praying Correct! 2sleep 2type of game 4dance step Based on context clues, you may infer that Question 7 "mah jong" is a "type of game". Determine the meaning of the italicized Finish quiz word in the statement below: 1type of book "Gina brought Rose, who is her ditse to 3type of dish the coliseum, iti been a while since the 4type of material for house building siblings have watched a concert." Correct! Literal and Figurative Language 4sister Objective In this lesson, you are expected to differentiate literal and figurative language. How do you determine what is literal Question 1 language versus figurative language? What kind of language uses the words for Learn about it! their exact meaning? Literal Language Incorrect! maintains the meaning of the words in a text means that we use the words for their exact The use of literal language means that you meaning use the words for their exact meaning. Example: Question 2 When we say 'I am sick and tired' in the What kind of language gives a word or literal sense it means you have something phrase a specific meaning that may be wrong with* you*, it could be a physical or a different than its real definition? Incorrect! mental issue and at the same time, you are exhausted with a low energy level. Learn about it! Figurative language goes beyond the actual meanings of words that is why it is Figurative Language different with its real definition. giving a word or phrase a specific meaning that may be different than the literal Question 3 definition Idiomatic expressions are considered when your writing goes beyond the actual as language. meanings of words Incorrect! idiomatic expressions are examples of figurative language Idiomatic expressions do not express the Example: literal meaning, therefore, they are 'I am sick and tired' considered figurative language. Literal - you have something wrong with you Question 4 Figurative - you are bored or even angry of Which of the following sentences is literal? an event that has been going on for quite Correct! some time now 2After the rain, we could hear frogs Learn about it! croaking. Examples: After the rain, we could hear frogs You're the bomb. croaking. Literal - a person has explosives on or in This is a possible scenario while the other him/her and s/he can blow up in any second sentences are all figurative. Next question Figurative - When a guy says this to a girl 1The birds flew across the universe. what he means is that that she is very 3The crickets played rhythm and the frogs attractive to the eyes of the speaker. sang bass. Examples: 4John Mark is a monkey. Get off your high horse. Question 5 Literal - the speaker is asking a person on a Which of the following sentences is literal? very tall horse to get off and continue a Incorrect! conversation with him or her. 4The antique table was sold to an antique Figurative - The speaker is saying that the man. person is being arrogant and needs to step The table wobbled because one of its legs down and be more humble. was loose. Key Points The sentence has a literal meaning and Literal Language does not imply a different one. All the means that we use the words for their exact other sentences have other meanings meaning other than its real definition. Figurative Language Next question giving a word or phrase a specific meaning 1The table stretched across the street to accommodate everyone. that may be different than the literal 2The table wobbled because one of its legs definition was loose. 3Her table conquered World War II. 'On the level' means he is telling the truth. Question 6 Next question Which of the following sentences is 1incomplete figurative? 3over the top Correct! 4confusing 2You are what you eat. Question 10 You are what you eat. What is the literal meaning of the If you are what you eat then if you eat a phrase I’d swallowed rocks and hamburger does that mean you are a sand in this sentence? hamburger? As I delivered my speech, my voice Next question sounded as if I had swallowed rocks 1You ate the whole pizza? and sand. 3You baked cookies by yourself? Correct! 4You can't eat junk food. 2hoarse voice Question 7 hoarse voice Which of the following sentences is Rocks and sand create the comparison of a figurative? hoarse voice. Correct! Finish quiz 4Petra said she is so hungry that she could 1loud voice eat a horse. 3soft voice Petra said she is so hungry that she could 4clear voice eat a horse. A person cannot eat a whole horse. The writer is just saying that Petra can eat a lot. Next question 1Petra said she is so hungry that she forgot what the time was. 2Petra said she is so hungry that she ate the entire pizza. 3Petra said she is so hungry that she did not share her food. Question 8 What is the literal meaning of the phrase cotton candy skyin this sentence? She gazed up into the cotton candy sky. Incorrect! 1The sky is sweet. The sky is full of clouds. Cotton candy is referred to as the clouds in the sentence. Next question 2The sky looks like heaven. 3The sky is soft. 4The sky is full of clouds. Question 9 What is the literal meaning of the phrase on the level in this sentence? My mother believed him, his story was on the level. Correct! 2true true