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    sistemia del fipronil

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    How Can the Fipronil Insecticide Access

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    sistemia del fipronil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views6 pages

    How Can The Fipronil Insecticide Access

    Uploaded by

    henry molina
    sistemia del fipronil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    3732 J Age. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 3732-3787 AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY How Can the Fipronil Insecticide Access Phloem? 1, MICHEL TissuT, AND Asmap Aaroup, MuRIEL RAVETON,* DaLiLa AzRou-Isc PaTRICK RAVANEL Laboratsire dFcologie Alpine, Université Joseph Fourier, BLP. 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, Fraxce Seeds of sunflower plants coated with the fipronil "4C-insectcide were allowed to grow in the greenhouse. The distribution of the ‘“C-compounds was studied in each part of the plant after three months, After 88 days of culture small amounts of *4C-compounds were found in the inflorescence (0.6% of the seed deposit) which were fipronil itself or its lipophilic or hydroptilic metabolites, The “*C-compounds wers found in each part of the inflorescence (bracts, ray and disk florets containing pollen, akenes). The *4C-concentration in the xylem sap evaluated at this stage |was much too low to explain the accumulated ammount in the inflorescence. Under controlled condtions ina culture chamber, it was then demonstrated that a net phloem transfer of “*C-fipronil occurred {rom developed leaves to growing organs. This allowed us to suppose that a similar “C-fipronil phloem transfer could occur toward the inflorescence during its formation. A quantitative evaluation suggests that most ofthe labeled compounds at this stage were not coming from the leaves but from the roots land stem where storage compounds were hycrolyzed for sustaining inflorescence development. KEYWORDS: Fipronil; suntiower; inflorescence; phloem INTRODUCTION yiphenyl-+(trifluorometiy! sulhinyl) pyrarote} (Figure 4) is ‘mainly used in agriculture against soil insects, stich as wire- worms (J). The biochemical turget of this insecticide is the ‘y-ammina butyric acid gated chloride channel (2), and it has much ‘more potent activity on insects than oa mammals (3), Fipronil is used as a seed coating formulation named Repent TS, mosdy for maize and sunflower cultures (4). Under this formulation, fipronil is applied in solid, crystalline form and is fetained in the coat by formulation agents. It is then able 10 provide an efficient protection of the seed and seedling against soil insect attacks, At the end of the 20th century the question arose of a possible ‘damage to honey bees, die to insecticides used as seed coating, ‘mainly for sunflower (5-7). Suchhypothetical—effect required thatthe active ingredient (2i.) be absorbed by the roots of the coture and transported to the inflorescence where it would be found inside pollen grains or nectar, Iter harvested by honey bees, To produce such an effect, 4 complex transfer appeared. to be required. It has been previously demonstrated that '$C- fipronil was absorbed by sunflower plantlets from an aqueous ‘medium of from soil. Such uptake Was carried out by the roots sand bound to 2 xylem transfer, the rate of which was transpire tion dependent (8), However, such a transfer was unable 10 solely explain a possible accumulation of ai. inside the To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (433) 4 176 S146 80, Fax: CF33) 476 51 4 63, E-mail: morich.raveron@ Uuj-greaoble 0.1024800048h CCC: $40.75, orescence. Therefore, the involvement of the phloem pathway seemed necessary ‘A Large number of herbicides are known for being phloem- ‘uansported, such as aminotiazole, glyphosate, phytohormones of the 2.4.D series, or even paraquat (0-12), However, the physicochemical properties of these hechicides difier radically ‘rom those of the insecticides used as seed coating against soil ‘wireworms ({.e., fipronil, imidaciopad, ..), A careful examination was therefore required to see whether ‘a phloem transport of such insecticides was possible and whether its result was to accumulate an insecticidal activity inside pollen ‘or nectar in cultivated plants submitted to insect pollination, ‘The purpose of this report was to study these poinis in the cease of the sunflower culture seed coated with the insecticide fipronil. Two questions were considered: (2) Is it possible under field conditions or in the greenhouse to detect fiproail o¢ its insecticidal derivatives in the inflorescence or pollen of sun- flower plants issued from fpronil-coated seeds? (b) Under laboratory conditions, is it possible to demonstrate a phloem- luansfer of C-fipronil from source to sink? MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals. Fipronl[S-amino--

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