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Abjna 8 4 159 167 PDF
Abjna 8 4 159 167 PDF
Pot culture experiments were conducted to investigate the remediation potentials of two native
tree species namely Tamarix nilotica and Conocarpus erectus to remove Pb or Zn (0, 100, 200,
400 and 800 mg.kg-1 soil) and Cd (10, 20, 40 and 80 mg.kg-1 soil) from the contaminated soils in
order to find out the most effective species that can be used to clean up the environment from
heavy metal pollution. Results of this study showed vegetative growth assigned by plant height,
number of leaves/plant, leaf area/plant and biomass decreased significantly at high
concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd. Relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR)
values reduced with heavy metal pollutions in the presence of Pb and Cd; while with Zn both
parameters showed a significant increase as compared with those recorded at high HM
concentrations. The results indicated that T. nilotica and C. erectus are considered good
accumulator candidates of Pb, Zn and Cd metals.
cost-effective approach has many limitations, one of - Plant heights (in cm) were measured from
them is heavy metal contaminated sites are normally soil surface to the top of each seedling.
adverse to establishment and growth of plants.
- Number of leaves/plant was counted
Greening polluted sites with tree species is well
manually.
undocumented, but no documentation is available on
the phytoremediation potential of these tree species. - Leaf area in cm2/plant was determined using
Hence, this study was embarked to determine the leaf area meter (Planimeter).
bioaccumulation of Pb, Zn and Cd by two selected
tree species namely Tamarix nilotica and - Fresh weight of shoots and roots (g).
Conocarpus erectus that are successfully grown on - Relative growth rate (RGR) was determined
sand soil and harsh conditions of the Kingdom. according to Cachorro et al. (1994) following
the equation:
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was carried out at Qassim RGR (mg g-1d-1) = (lnW2 – lnW1)/(t2 - t1)
University, KSA during 2016/2017 to determine the Where: W1 and W2 are the dry weights at t1
ability of two tree species grow in the Kingdom of and t2, respectively
Saudi Arabia to extract Pb, Zn and Cd from polluted
soil. Six month old seedlings of Tamarix nilotica and - Net assimilation rate (NAR) was determined
Conocarpus erectus were transplanted in plastic pots as described by McCollum (1978) according
(30 cm×50 cm, diameter and depth) filled with sand to the equation:
and peat moss (2:1 proportion), pH 7.2; one plant in NAR (mg g-1cm-2d-1) = (ln A2 – ln A1)(W2 –
each pot. Before planting, soils were mixed with fine W1)/ (t2 – t1)(A2 –A1)
metal powders of PbCl2, ZnCl2 or CdCl2 to bring Pb or
Zn levels of 00, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg.kg-1 soil, Where: ln is the natural logarithm; W1 and
and Cd to 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg.kg-1 soil). W2 are the dry weights at t1 and t2,
To evaluate the efficiency of phytoremediation, it was respectively; A1 and A2 are the leaf area at t1
necessary to homogenize the soil because the and t2, respectively.
concentration of distributed contaminants in the soil Total chlorophyll: Total chlorophyll was determined
plays a fundamental role in such studies. A at the end of the experiment following the method of
completely randomized design with 10 replicates for Metzner et al. (1965). Briefly, fresh leaves (0.4 g)
each treatment was used in this experiment. were selected randomly from the middle part of each
Seedlings were left to grow in a greenhouse under plant, washed with deionized water, and
natural light and temperature conditions. Plants of homogenized in a porcelain mortar with 80% acetone
uniform height within species were selected and solution. The homogenate was centrifuged at
located in lines with a spacing of 2 m between lines 16,000×g for 1 min twice and the measurement of
and 1 m between pots to avoid mutual shading. chlorophyll content was done by direct determination
Three weeks after transplanting, all seedlings were of the absorbance at wavelengths 663 and 646 nm at
fertilized 3 times, at 30 day intervals, with the the clear supernatant fraction using
complete water-soluble fertilizer “Sangral” compound spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1240 UV–Vis).
fertilizer (20N-20P-20K, plus micronutrients) at the Statistical analysis: The experiment was arranged
rate of 2g/kg soil. All pots were irrigated every 3 days in a completely randomized design and was analyzed
to field capacity. Pots were weighed and supplied by analysis of variance. All data were statistically
with amounts of water equal to evapo-transpiration analyzed and ANOVA was tested according to
losses. Plants were harvested 6 months after Snedecor and Cochran (1980) with the aid of SPSS
transplanting. The following parameters were (1990) computer program for statistics. Differences
determined: among treatments were tested with LSD at 5% level
Vegetative growth: Three samples were taken to of significance.
study the growth parameters during the experimental
period: 60, 120 and 180 days after treatments. The
following parameters were measured:
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Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2017, 8(4): 159-167
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Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2017, 8(4): 159-167
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Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2017, 8(4): 159-167
another study, Iqbal et al. (2013) assumed that lead Franco-Hernández M.O., M.S. Vásquez-Murrieta, A.
inhibits chlorophyll biosynthesis by impairing the Patiño-Siciliano, L. Dendooven (2010), Heavy metals
uptake of essential photosynthetic pigment elements, concentration in plants growing on mine tailings in
such as magnesium, potassium, calcium and iron. Central Mexico. Bioresource Technology, 101(11):
3864–3869.
While Malar et al. (2014) related the reduced
accumulation of photosynthetic pigment linked with Gill M (2014). Heavy metal stress in plants: A review.
HM treatments to the peroxidation of chloroplast International Journal of Advanced Research, 2(6)
membranes as levels of ROS generation increased 1043-1055.
under such conditions. Hale, W.G., Saunders, V.A. and Margham, J.P.
(2017). "net assimilation rate." Collins Dictionary of
CONCLUSION
Biology, 3rd ed. http://medical-
The present work is considered one of the important dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/net+assimilation+rate
studies focusing on the use of native tree species in Hezbullah, M., Sultana, S. Chakraborty, S R. and Patwary,
phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and Cd contaminated M. I. (2016). Heavy metal contamination of food in a
soils. The results indicated that Conocarpus erectus developing country like Bangladesh: An emerging
and Tamarix nilotica trees are considered good threat to food safety. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.
accumulator candidates to Pb, Zn and Cd metals. 8(1): 1-5. Doi: 10.5897/JTEHS2016.0352.
Therefore, both tree species could involve in the Iqbal MM, Murtaza G, Naz T, Javed W, Hussain S, Ilyas M,
phytoremediation technology program in order to Anjum MA, Shahzad SM, Ashraf M and Iqbal Z (2017).
reclaim the heavy metal polluted soils. Uptake, Translocation of Pb and Chlorophyll Contents
of Oryza Sativa as Influenced by Soil-Applied
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