Home work # 1 and solution Due Date: Aug 14, 2019

The submissions to the HW should be in the hand-writing of the student only.

Q 1.1 R. 2-12

Q.1.2 R. 2-24

Q. 1.3 A vector field with only straight flux lines can be rotational. True or false? Explain.

Q. 1.4 P2-1

Q. 1.5 P. 7-22

Solutions

Q 1.1 Given two points P1(1,2,3) and P2 (-1,0,2), write the expressions of the vectors
⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ and ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑷𝟏𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟐𝑷𝟏.
Position vector : ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑷𝟏𝑷𝟐 = 𝒙 ̅(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝒚
̅(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 ) + 𝒛̅(𝒛𝟐 − 𝒛𝟏 )
where P1(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 , 𝒛𝟏 ) and P2(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒛𝟐 ).
⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑷𝟏𝑷𝟐 = 𝒙 ̅(−𝟐) + 𝒚̅(−𝟐) + 𝒛̅(−𝟏) = - ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑷𝟐𝑷𝟏

Q 1.2 A vector field with only straight flux lines can be solenoidal. True or false? Explain.

For a solenoidal vector field 𝛁 ⋅ 𝐀 = 𝟎. A vector field with straight flux lines is
solenoidal in nature because ∳ 𝐀 ⋅ ⅆ𝐒 = 𝟎. Also, a vector field with curved flux lines such
as magnetic flux lines about a straight wire carrying current 𝛁 ⋅ 𝐀 = 𝟎. Therefore, straight
flux lines are not necessary for solenoidal field. To validate these results without much
mathematical complexity, one should select the box shape compatible with the shape of
flux lines, i.e. rectangular box should be used for straight flux lines, and tubular box as
shown may be employed for curved flux lines.

False

Q 1.3 A vector field with only straight flux lines can be rotational. True or false? Explain.

For a rotational vector field 𝛁𝐱𝐀 ≠ 𝟎 or ∳ 𝐀 ⋅ ⅆ𝐥 ≠ 𝟎. Straight flux lines will

ensure ∳ 𝐀 ⋅ ⅆ𝐥 = 𝟎 or 𝛁 × 𝑨 = 𝟎 whereas curved flux lines such as magnetic flux lines
about a straight wire carrying current 𝛁𝐱𝐀 ≠ 𝟎. Therefore, only straight flux lines cannot
be rotational. To validate these results without much mathematical complexity, one
should select the surface shape compatible with the shape of flux lines, i.e. rectangular
surface should be used for straight flux lines, and curved surface may be employed for
curved flux lines.
 False

Q 1.4 Given three vectors A, B, and C as follows:

A=𝒙 ̅ + 𝟐𝒚
̅ − 𝟑𝒛̅; B = −𝟒𝒚 ̅ + 𝒛̅ ̅ − 𝟐𝒛̅
C = 𝟓𝒙

⏞,
Find (a) 𝑨 (b) |𝑨 − 𝑩|, (c) A.B (d) 𝛉𝑨𝑩

(e) the component of A in the direction of C (f) AxC

(g) A.(BxC) and (AxB).C (h) (AxB)XC and Ax(BXC)

Soln
𝑨 ̅−𝟑𝒛̅
𝐱̂+𝟐𝒚
(a) 𝑨 =|𝑨| = (b) |𝑨 − 𝑩| = |𝒙
̅ + 𝟐𝒚 ̅ − 𝒛̅| = √53
̅ − 𝟑𝒛̅ + 𝟒𝒚
√𝟏𝟒

𝒐𝒓 |𝑨 − 𝑩| = √(𝑨 − 𝑩). (𝑨 − 𝑩)
−𝟏𝟏
(c ) A.B = -11 (d) cos𝛉𝑨𝑩 = (𝑨. 𝑩)/|𝐴𝐵| =
√𝟏𝟕√𝟏𝟒

(e) Component of A along C = A.C/|𝑪| = 11/√𝟐𝟗

(f) AxC = -4𝐱̂- 13𝐲̂ -10𝐳̂

(g) A.(BxC) = -42 using rotation A.(BxC) = B.(CxA) = (AxB).C = -42

(h) (AxB)XC = B(A.C)-C(A.B); through rotation (BXC)XA = C(B.A)-A(B.C) =-Ax(BXC)

Q.1.5 For the assumed f(t) at R = 0 in Fig. 7-15, sketch

(a) f(t-R/u) versus t, f(t) F0 R=0

(b) f(t-R/u) versus R for t>T. 0 T t

Soln.

(a) f(t-R/u) -------- F0

0 R/u T+R/u t

The function f(t) at R = 0 will appear as shown. The shape of f(t) is preserved but is translated
by R/u along the t-axis.
 (b) F(t-R/u) for t>T

F0

f(t) f(t-R/u)

u(t-T) ut

The function f(t-R/u) is a function of t and R assuming u is constant and t = R/u. In the 3-d
plot the function will be f(t) for R=0 and is shown there. For any other value of R, the function f(t)
will translate along the R-axis as shown by f(t-R/u) there. The shape of f(t-R/u) is different from f(t)
because the time available for various portions of f(t) decreases as t increases in f(t). Consequently,
R the distance traveled by the function, decreases according to R = ut-uT.