Three types of network topology

Bus Topology – This topology consists of a Backbone cable

connecting all nodes on a network without intervening connectivity
devices. The single cable is called Bus and can support only one
channel for communication; as a result, every node shares the bus’s
total capacity. On a Bus Topology network, devices share the
responsibility for getting data from one point to another. But only the
intended recipient actually receives and processes the transmitted
message while a device wants to send the broadcast message to all
the devices that connected to the shared cable.

At the ends of each bus network are 50-ohm resistors known as

terminators. The terminators stop signals after they have reached
the end of the cable. Without these terminators, signals on a bus
network would travel endlessly between the two ends of the
network; this phenomenon is called signal bounce, and new signals
could not get through.

Ethernet bus topology is actually easy to install and does not require
much cabling and only a main shared cable is used for network
communication. 10BASE2 and 10BASE-T are two popular types of
the Ethernet cables used in the Bus topology. Also, Bus network
works with very limited devices. Performance issues are likely to
occur in the Bus topology if more than 12-15 computers are added
in a Bus Network. In addition, if the Backbone cable fails then all
network becomes useless and communication fails among all the
devices.
Ring Topology – In ring network, each node is connected to the
two nearest nodes so that the entire network forms a circle. In a ring
network, all the communication messages are transmitted clockwise
in one direction, around the ring. Each workstation accepts and
responds to packets addressed to it, and then forwards the other
packets to the next workstation in the network. Each workstation
just acts as a repeater for the transmission, in other words, all
workstations participate in delivery makes the ring topology an
active topology. A ring topology has no “ends” and transmitted data
stops at its destination. Twisted-pair or fiber-optic cabling is
commonly used as the physical medium.

Any damage of the cable of any cable or device can result in the
breakdown of the whole network. In addition, just as in a bus
topology, the more workstations that must participate in data
transmission, the slower the response time. Due to these
shortcomings, ring topology now has become almost obsolete.
FDDI, SONET or Token Ring Technology can be used to implement
Ring Technology. Ring topologies can be found in office, school or
small buildings.
Star Topology – In the computer networking world the most
commonly used topology in local area networking is the star
topology. Star topologies can be implemented in home, offices or
even in a building. All the computers in the star topologies are
connected to central devices like hub, switch or router. The
functionality of all these devices is different. Computers in a network
are usually connected with the hub, switch or router with the
unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or Shielded Twisted-pair cables. Star
topology networks can support a maximum of only 1024
addressable nodes on a logical network.

Star topology requires more cabling than ring and bus. It also
requires more configurations. However, because each node is
separately connected to a central connectivity device, they are more
fault-tolerant. A single malfunctioning workstation cannot disable an
entire star network. A failure in the central connectivity device can
take down a local area networking segment. Because they include a
centralized connection point, star topology can easily be moved,
isolated or interconnected with other networks through hubs,
switches to form more complex topologies. Most Ethernet networks
are based on the star topology.
Network Topology and Types of Network
Topology
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Two or more computers connected together through communication media
form a computer network. The arrangement of computers in a network is
called Network Topology. It is a physical layout of connected computer.

Following are network topologies.

1). Bus topology.

2). Star topology.

3). Ring topology.

4). Mesh topology

1. BUS TOPOLOGY
STRUCTURE of Bus Topology:

In the bus topology, the computers are connected through a common

communication media. A special type of central wire is used as
communication media. This central wire is called Bus. The computer are
attached through the bus the ends of the bus are closed with the terminator
.The terminators are used to absorb signals. Bus topology use coaxial cables
sections are connected to the B. N. C connectors. B.N.C connectors are often
use to connect the computer through the main cable. These connectors can
connect through two section of cable with the bus extending in both directions.
The end device on the bus have the terminals on one connectors of T

WORKING OF BUS TOPOLOGY:

The computers that send data also attach address of the destination computer
with the data. All computers connected to the bus receive the data but only
that computer accept it whose address matches the address attached with
data.

In this topology only one computer at a time can send a data therefore the
speed of network reduces as the number of computers attached to the bus
increases.

ADVANTAGES of Bus Topology:

 Easy to install and configure

 Inexpensive
 Easily extended
Disadvantages of Bus Topology :

 Performance decreases
 Weak signals
 Difficult troubleshooting
 Bus Topology

STAR TOPOLOGY
STRUCTURE of STAR TOPOLOGY:

The star topology uses a separate cable for each work station as shown in
fig.The cable connects the work station to a central device typically a HUB.
The configuration provides a more reliable network that is easily expended.
With star there is no central point of failure in the cable .if there is a problem
with the cable only the station connected to that cable is a effected .to add
more work stations simply connect another HUB

STAR TOPOLOGY

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WORKING OF STAR TOPOLOGY
Each computer in a star network communicates with the central hub that
resents the messages either to all computers (in a broad cast network) are
only to destination computer (in a switch network).

Star network maybe designed to operate in a polled mode where each user is
asked in turn .if it has any information to transmit and in case, if it has, the
communication controller will either give full attention to that device until it has
no more information to send or it will allow the device to send part of its
information ,give another device a chance and then return back to original
device.

ADVANTAGES of STAR TOPOLOGY:

 Easily expended and modified

 Easy to troubleshoot
 Multiple cable types supported by hub
DISADVANTAGES of STAR TOPOLOGY:

 If hub fails then entire network will fail

 Require more cables
 May require a device to rebroadcast signals across the network
RING TOPOLOGY
STRUCTURE of RING TOPOLOGY

In ring topology each computer is connected to the next computer and the last
computer is connected to the first computer. Thus a ring of computers is
formed as shown in figure below.

WORKING of RING TOPOLOGY :

Every computer is connected to the next computer in the ring and each
transmits what it receives from the previous computer. The messages flow
around the ring in one direction.

Some ring network do ring token passing. A short message called token
(memory area)is passed around a ring until a computer wishes to send
information to other computers. That computer modifies token, adds an
electronic address and data and send it around the ring. Each computer in
sequence receives the token and next computer until either the electronic
address matches the address of a computer

Or the token return to its origin .The receiving computer returns a message to
the sender indicating that message has been received.

ADVANTAGES of RING TOPOLOGY:

a. It provides an orderly network in which every device has access to the

token and can transmit.

b. It performs well under a heavy load.

DISADVANTAGES of RING TOPOLOGY

a. Failure of one computer can effect the whole network .

b. Difficult to troubleshoot.

c. Change mode with adding or removing a device effect the entire network.
 Ring Topology

MESH TOPOLOGY
STRUCTURE of MESH TOPOLOGY

A mesh network or mesh topology uses separate cable to connect each

device to every other device on the network, providing a straight
communication path as shown in the figure below.

WORKING of MESH TOPOLOGY

For sending messages, check the cable connected into two devices. A
message is send directly from sender to receiver because each one has
individual and separate connection.

ADVANTAGES of MESH TOPOLOGY :

a. Enhance for error tolerance provided by redundant links.

b. Easy to troubleshoot.

DISADVANTAGES of MESH TOPOLOGY:

a. Difficult to install and maintain.

 b. Expensive.

MESH TOPOLOGY

Related Search

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Last updated on June 19, 2013

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