Site Surveying, BTS Installation and Maintenance

at Taurus International Ltd

By

ABDULLAH AL IMRAN
Id: 142015013
An internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Supervised By:
M. Mofazzal Hossain, PhD
Professor and Head
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering (ETE)
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
House 56, Road 4/A @ Satmosjid Road,
Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209
Bangladesh.

i
 DECLARATION

This internship report is submitted to the department of Electronics and Telecommunication

Engineering, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Bachelor of Science. So, I hereby, declare that this internship report is
based on the surveys found by me. Materials of work found by other researchers are
mentioned by reference. This internship report, neither in whole, nor in part, has been
previously submitted for any degree.

ABDULLAH AL IMRAN
ID: 142015013
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
Email Address: khondokar.kabir.ete@ulab.edu.bd

i
 EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that “Khondokar Saddam Kabir”, ID: 142015013, department of

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (ETE), University of Liberal Arts
Bangladesh (ULAB), has done this internship report on “Site Surveying, BTS Installation
& Maintenance at Taurus International Ltd.” as a partial requirement of his ETE
degree. During his attachment with “Taurus International Ltd.” as an internee he worked
in the Technical Department under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my
knowledge this work has been completed solely by him unless otherwise stated.

I wish him every success in life.

Engr. Hasanur Rahman (Murad)

Project Manager
Technical Department
Taurus International Ltd.

ii
 INTERNAL SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION

The internship report entitled “Site Surveying, BTS Installation and Maintenance at
Taurus International Ltd” is submitted to the Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science.

Dated: dd/mm/yy

M. Mofazzal Hossain, PhD

Professor
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
Signature & Date

M. Mofazzal Hossain, PhD

Head
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh

Signature & Date

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At first, I would express my gratitude to Almighty Allah for giving me the strength to finish my
internship. I express my deepest appreciation to all people who guided me to finish this report. A
special gratitude I provide to our head of the department, Mr. M. Mofazzal Hossain, PhD, whose
contribution to stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate my internship
particularly in writing this report.
The internship opportunity I had with Taurus International Ltd. was a good chance for learning
and skill development. Therefore, I consider myself a really lucky person as I was given a chance
to be a part of it. I'm also grateful for having an opportunity to meet with lots of fantastic people
and professionals who guide me through this internship period.
I express my deepest thanks to Engr. Hasanur Rahman (Murad), Project Manager for collaborating
in helpful decision & giving necessary advises and guidance and organized all facilities to make
life easier. I choose this moment to acknowledge his contribution appreciatively.
I understand this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will try to gain skills
and information in the very best way, and I will continue to work in order to achieve desired career
objectives.
I want to express my gratitude and useful to all my lecturers, admins, teaching assistants and staffs
for his or her support throughout my undergraduate period in University of Liberal Arts
Bangladesh. I would express my gratitude to my colleagues at Taurus International Ltd. who
wholeheartedly helped me in getting the required data and able me to finish my internship report.
Last but not the least, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents for their support,
inspiration, and guidance.

iv
 ABSTRACT

Telecommunications refers to the exchange of data by electronic and electrical means over a
significant distance. This internship report is based on wireless cellular telecommunication system.
This report is all about site surveying of BTS (Base Transceiver Station) towers, BTS installation
and maintenance system. The work done during the internship period at Taurus International Ltd,
are articulated in this report. Operating procedure of BTS, changing equipment, connecting the
mobile tower with BTS, and upgrading network system are described in this report. The problems
faced throughout the internship period and the solution to those issues are compiled in this report.
Learning professionalism, time management and fulfilling responsibilities during the internship
period with the team of Taurus international Ltd are the outcomes of the internship.

v
 COMPANY PROFILE

Taurus International Ltd.

[Established: 1991]

Introduction
Taurus International Ltd. started their journey in 1991 as an international trading company. They
have been involved in various sectors in Bangladesh including Power, Telecommunications,
Defense and Infrastructure [1]. Present core business of this company is to provide engineering
services to telecommunication sector.

Mission & Vision

Their mission is to be trusted partner of their customers. Help the customers by deliver their
technology on time to build the telecom network infrastructure successfully. Their vision is to
work as one team with one goal to help their customer in a better way [1].

Services
 Site Surveying
 Planning
 Installation and commissioning of IBS, DAS, BTS(GSM,WCDMA,LTE)
 Radio Access
 Transmission and core network/Switching
 Supply and delivery
 Optical Fiber
 Site acquisition
 Quality & Safety

Human Resource Information

 Total HR: 110
 Site Project HR: 88

vi
Client Name
 Robi Axiata Limited
 Banglalink
 Nokia
 Ericsson Bangladesh Ltd.
 Edotco Bangladesh Co. Ltd.
 Huawei
 ZTE

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
Title Page
Declaration i
External Supervisor’s certification ii
Internal Supervisor’s certification iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Company Profile vi – vii
Table of Contents Viii
List of Figures ix
List of Abbreviations x
1 Introduction (1 – 2)
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Motivation/Scopes 1
1.3 Objectives of Internship 1
1.4 Organization of Report 2
2 System/Model in Company (3 – 7)
Introduction 3
2.1 System Overview (3 – 4)
2.2 Components of the System 5
2.2.1 Microwave Link 5
2.2.2 GSM 5
2.2.3 RRU 6
2.2.4 BTS 6
2.3 Summary 7
3 Internship Activities (8 – 13)
Introduction 8
3.1 Hardware Training 8
3.2 Site Surveying 8
3.3 Sketching the floor plan of BTS site 9
3.4 BTS Installation (10 – 12)
3.5 Summary 13
4 Observations and Recommendation (14 – 15)
Introduction 14
4.1 Observations 14
4.3 Technical Strengths 14
4.3 Technical Weaknesses 14
4.4 Technical Recommendation 15
4.5 Summary 15
5 Conclusion 16
5.1 Outcome from Internship 16
5.2 Conclusion 16
6 Bibliography/References 17

viii
List of Figures
SL. Title Page
2.1 Organogram of Company 4
2.2 GSM Architecture 6
2.3 Hand Sketch of Huawei BTS (BBU3900) 7
2.4 Huawei BTS (BBU 3900) 7
3.1 Hand Sketch of BTS floor plan 9
3.2 Cable Tray 10
3.3 Grounding Bar 11
3.4 Battery Bank 11
3.5 BTS Room 12
3.6 Connecting Cables 13

ix
 List of Abbreviation
Abbreviation Full Meaning
BTS Base Transceiver Station
LTE Long Term Evolution
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
MDB Main Distribution Board
IVS Intelligent Ventilation System
RRU Remote Radio Unit
CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
IBS In Building Solution
DAS Distributed Antenna System
GND Ground
DDF Digital Distribution Frame
IGB Internal Grounding Bar
EGB External Grounding Bar

x
 Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
Mobile communication is currently viewed as a necessity and it is one of the quickest growing and
most demanding technologies. In 1989 Wireless or Mobile communication was started in
Bangladesh. From then the total number of Mobile Phone subscribers has reached 150.945 Million
at the end of June, 2018 [2]. For that reason a good number of tower Infrastructure Firms grow in
Bangladesh. Tower infrastructure firms work as a backbone of each telecommunication
companies. Tower Infrastructure firms work on tower development, tower maintenance, and
operation. Taurus International Ltd. is one of those tower infrastructure company.

1.2 Motivation
The motivation of this internship is to learn active works on telecommunication sector. The
internship is an approach of exploring the professional world and increasing the abilities of a
student to learn however things work apart from academic knowledge. Students of engineering
particularly in telecommunication sector experiences to implement the theoretical knowledge and
acquire a practical knowledge of how to work in any organization. Having an interest in
networking and having a major field in the telecommunication sector in the study to choose to join
this company as an intern. This company is related to the networking site so this will be an
appropriate place for an internship of a telecommunication engineering student. There are
opportunities to get an active idea about telecommunication like BTS, Antennas. These were
enough to encourage someone to join as an intern in Telecommunication Company.

1.3 Objectives of internship

As a student of ETE it is necessary to acquire knowledge in telecom sector. Taurus International
Ltd. provides telecommunication related all solution. So, the opportunity to become a part of the
organization was given and an outline of objectives are listed below:
 Acquiring knowledge and experience in Site surveying
 To gain basic idea about GSM and Microwave Link antenna
 To gain hands-on experience in BTS(Base Transceiver Station) installation and
maintenance
 To be more aware of responsibility and timing

1
1.4 Organization of Report
The report contain five chapters. Every chapter have different type of description about the
internship.
Chapter 1 is describe about the background of the company, the motivation of the internship and
the objectives of internship.
System over view and the components are using by Taurus international ltd. for site surveying,
installation and maintenance are describe in Chapter 2.
Chapter 3 describes the internship activities. In the short time of internship what have done are
all described in this chapter.
Observation and recommendation for a company was described in Chapter 4. All company have
technical weakness. An intern need to find out them and try to give solution in this chapter.
Chapter 5 is the final chapter. This chapter describe the conclusion of this report.

2
 Chapter 2
System Overview

Introduction
Mobile technology has already creating hype all over the world and this is one of the fastest
growing and most demanding technologies. Taurus International Ltd. working in this sector.
Taurus International Ltd. has different departments to doing different works. For doing a project
successfully every department divide in many subsectors.

2.1 System Overview

There are some Tower Infrastructure company in Bangladesh. Taurus International Ltd. is one of
the most old and reliable company in telecom sector in Bangladesh. This company works in
Bangladesh for last 27 years. Though this company started internationally but now they are only
work domestically. This is a well-organized company. The company have some department and
every department have subsector. Company top management started from Chairman. The
organogram of Taurus International Ltd. is illustrated in figure 2.1.The internship completed under
project manager which also shown in the organogram.

3
 PROCUREMENT
& LOGISTICS

HR &
TRAINING

BUSINESS
DIRECTOR DEVELOPMENT
ADMIN &
FINANCE

IT

ACCOUNTS
&
FINNANCE
MANAGING
CHAIRMAN
DIRECTOR
COMMERCIAL

PROJECT
MANAGEME INTERNSHIP
NT

QUALITY PROJECT
DIRECTOR MANAGEMENT
ADMIN
ENGINEERING
& OPERATION

PROJECT ENGINEERING
COORDINATOR TEAMS

DOCUMENTATION
TEAMS

Figure 2.1: Organogram of Company

4
Here Chairman is the head of the company. Managing Director (MD) is under the Chairman.
Director Admin & Finance and Director Engineering & Operation are works under MD. Director
Admin & finance department divide in six subsector. There are three subsector Project
Management, Quality Management, Project Coordinator works under Director Engineering &
Operation. The internship is done under this Project Management department.

2.2 Components of the BTS

A BTS consists of the following components:
 Microwave Link
 GSM
 RRU
 Jumper Cable
 CPRI Cable
 BTS
 Battery
 MDB
 Rectifier
 Module
 Tx Rack
 Alarm Box
 Combiner
 Tilting Meter
 IVS

2.2.1 Microwave Link

Microwave Link is one kind of antenna. It uses a beam of a radio wave in the microwave frequency
range to transmit data between two fixed locations. Wireless Internet service providers use
microwave links to provide high-speed internet connection to their customers. Telephone
companies use microwave links to transmit calls between switching centers. Rain, fog, snow and
any kind of bad weather can not disrupt transmission through a microwave antenna.

2.2.2 GSM
GSM is use for transmitting cellular voice and data. The abbreviation of GSM is Global System
for Mobile Communication. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
developed the GSM Standard. In 1992 all major European GSM 900 operators begin commercial
operations (2G). A GSM antenna can cover 90° to 120° area. It has a capability to hold 64kbps to

5
120Mbps of data rates. GSM digitizes and compresses data, then send it down through a channel
with 2 alternative streams of user data, every in its own timeslot [3].

Figure 2.2: GSM Architecture [4]

2.2.3 RRU
RRU stands for Remote Radio Unit. The RRU is designed to communicate with a Base Band Unit
(BBU) via a physical communication link and may communicate with a wireless mobile device
via an air interface. A remote Radio Unit (RRU) mounted on the tower. Usually the RRU would
be connected by a fiber optic cable to carry the signals and a DC feed to power the RRU. RRU is
widely used in cellular communication.

2.2.4 BTS
BTS stands for Base Transceiver Station. That means it can transmit and receive data at a time.
The BTS corresponds to the transceivers and antennas utilized in every cell of the network. A BTS
is usually placed in the center of a cell. Its transmittal power defines the size of a cell. Every BTS
has between one and sixteen transceivers counting on the density of users in the cell.

BTS models
I. BTS (Huawei) : BBU 3900, BBU 3900A, DBS 3900
II. RBS ( Ericssion) : RBS 6101, RBS 6202, RBS 6501, RBS 6601

6
Huawei BTS Consists with some cards. They are given bellow.
GTMU, UMPT, WBBP, UBBP, UEIU, UPEU

Figure 2.3: Hand Sketch of Huawei BTS (BBU3900)

Figure2.4: Huawei BTS (BBU 3900)

2.3 Summary
The chapter showed a system overview and the organogram of Taurus International Ltd. Company.
This chapter also showed the components of the system which is most important for cellular
communication system.

7
 Chapter 3
Internship Activities

Introduction
The internship program provides hardware training and surveying. The hardware training is the
installation of BTS and replacement of faulty cards of BTS. During the internship, it had been a
necessity to work with a team and be a part of it.

3.1 Hardware Training

In the internship program there are several works on hardware and that need to be done. In the
following part the hardware training is discussed.

3.2 Site Surveying

This is the first step of selecting place for setup a BTS tower. During the internship it needed to
do survey with a team.
During the site surveying there are some steps needed to follow. The first step is take some
photographs of the antenna.
Azimuth View: To take this Azimuth view photograph need to climb the top of the tower. After
reaching the top there need to select 0° from the north by using a compass. Then need to take the
photo from 0° to 330°.
Sticker View: Need to take photos of the stickers of each components of the BTS Site.
Mechanical Tilting View: To take this photo need to climb the tower. Then take the GSM antenna
photo from the side view. There any one can find the mechanical tilting.
Electrical Tilting View: Electrical tilting can find at the bottom of the GSM. So there need to take
the bottom photo of the GSM antenna.
Port Photo: Need to take every port photo of each component.
GND bar Photo: Where the grounding cable connected that should be sown in surveying report.
That’s why need to take a photograph of GND bar.
BTS Room Photo: Need to take photos of each component of the BTS room.

8
3.3 Sketching the floor plan of the BTS Site
After taking all the photographs there need to draw a floor plan of the BTS site. There is a floor
plan sketch given bellow.

Figure 3.1: Hand Sketch of BTS floor plan

The main purpose of the survey is to find out the best place for setup a BTS Tower. Few criteria's
in this process to find the best place.
Visibility/Availability
Due to nearby buildings some areas may not get covered. When signals gone through a wall 10 dB
loss will be there.
Near Field and Far Field obstruction
In order to connect the site to the transmission network, there should be Line of Sight (LOS)
between the existing sites and the proposed new site location.
Access path
This is important in future maintenance. If there is a proper access path, it will make maintenance
Engineers job easier.
Power
Whether commercial power is available or not.

9
3.4 BTS Installation
Types of Installation
 Indoor Installation
 Outdoor Installation

In this internship there was an opportunity to learn only about the indoor installation.
3.4.1 Indoor Installation
 Installation of Indoor Cable Tray
 Grounding Bar Installation
 Battery Bank Installation
 BTS Installation
 Power Cable Connection
Installation of Indoor Cable Tray
There are 2 types of indoor cable tray. One is wall mounted cable tray another is roof mounted
cable tray. Cable tray forms a significant part of installation work since all the Grounding, Power,
E1, IF & RF Cable routing is completed over this Cable tray. For the cable tray installation, there
should need to follow some rules. Drills are created on the shelter walls or roof to provide support
for Horizontal Cable tray. When marking the drilling holes, the ladder is fixed using supporting
clamps. Cable tray should be grounding with Internal Grounding Bar.

Figure 3.2: Cable Tray

Grounding Bar Installation

There are two types of grounding bars. One is the Internal Grounding Bar (IGB) another one is
External Grounding Bar (EGB). EGB and IGB both are installed below the hatch plate, and both

10
are connected to each other by double connection of 35 mm square grounding cable. EGB is
directly connected by the earth Pit by the GI strip. IGB is installed inside the BTS room, this can
be made of GI strip. EGB is installed on the outside of the BTS room, this is totally made of Copper
strip. Every indoor equipment should be grounded through IGB.

Figure 3.3: Grounding Bar

Battery Bank Installation
Every BTS site used -48 DC volt battery. There are 24 cells in each Battery Bank and each battery
having -2 DC volt. These battery banks are installed in the BTS room. The battery bank also needs
to ground properly.

Figure 3.4: Battery Bank

11
BTS Installation
The BTS installation should be done per shelter layout design. Mark the place as per layout design
and install the BTS cabinet. The TX rack need to install beside the BTS cabinet. On the other side
the rectifier module should be installed. There are two type of connection in rectifier. One is
priority or critical connection another is non-priority or non-critical connection. The Microwave
link should connected in the priority connection and the BTS should connected through non-
priority connection from the rectifier module. BTS, Tx rack, DDF box and all the equipment except
power equipment are installed in front the power equipment.

Figure 3.5: BTS Room

Power Cable Connection

Inside the BTS room, there are two types of color cable used for power connection. One is blue
and another one is black. BTS power cable blue one connects with the negative bar and positive
bar connect with black wire of BTS terminal. BTS use the negative DC volt (-48 DC) so that
negative blue cable connects with the negative terminal of BTS and black one connects with the
Gnd of BTS. In BTS, AC goes from the main distribution board to rectifier. Rectifier converts AC
to DC and sent it to the battery bank and different network devices. The network devices can
perform on 48 DC voltages. The module of the rectifier is used to charge the battery. Once rectifier
does not work, DC voltage backup can be got from the battery bank.

12
 Figure 3.6: Connecting Cables

3.5 Summary
The internship program has provided hardware training. It was a great opportunity to learn new
things through the internship period. This chapter showing the total hardware works done in the
internship.

13
 Chapter 4
OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction
As an intern, the goal was to learn as much as possible from the professional world. Throughout
the internship, it had been needed to observe and commit to learning surveying and installation of
BTS. Through proper observation, the weakness and strength of an organization are exposed and
through correct recommendation and by applying it, the weaknesses of the company could also be
recovered.

4.1 Observations
As an intern must have to observe the work what need to done. During the internship, several
things were observed as an intern. Through observation, a lot of information has been got regarding
the company. In order to remain during this current competitive environment, it's necessary to
analyze their strengths and weaknesses.

4.2 Technical Strength

If any company want their success they have to make strong their technical sector. It helps to make
business competitiveness and economic growth of a company. Some of the technical strength of
Taurus International LTD. are given bellow.
 Project Management: Taurus International Ltd. have good project manager. They are so
experienced so that they can handle the project easily.
 Good Communication: They have the good communication between their technicians. If
any of the technician face any problem they can instantly communicate their project
manager.
 Enough Site Engineers: They have lots of site engineers. If any of site go down, they sent
site engineer immediately. So that they can fix the problem of the site instantly.

4.3 Technical Weakness

Every company have technical weakness beside technical strength. If any company want to success
they need to find out their technical weakness. So that they can work for it. Taurus International
Ltd. have some technical weakness. Some of them are given bellow.
 Insufficient Safety equipment
 Most of the technicians are not highly trained
 BTS site don’t have enough security

14
  Smoke alarm didn’t work properly in maximum site

4.4 Recommendation
Taurus International Ltd. is one of the oldest company in network infrastructure sector in
Bangladesh. It is so hard to give recommendation them by doing only a short time internship. If
they want more success they can use some ideas.
 They need to give proper training to their technicians
 They can buy enough equipment so that they can finish their work in time. Also they need
to buy some more safety kit. Because whenever or wherever you work you have to ensure
your safety first.
 They need to find out the faulty alarms and need to change immediately otherwise, it can
cause a big accident.

4.5 Summary
It is easy to find out weakness of the company but it is difficult to work on those things
immediately. By applying some recommendation the company may save itself from the unwanted
loss.

15
 Chapter 5
CONCLUSION

Introduction
An internship is very important for a student because by doing internship a student can learn about
professional world. They can acquire knowledge by doing practical things. This chapter shows the
results of the internship and also the report's conclusion.

5.1 Outcome from Internship

Though Internship need to done in a short time but it gives lots of experience and technical skills.
It makes more confidence to doing job in telecommunication sector.
Punctuality is the first thing what students learn from an internship program. Come office in time,
if there any problem to come office then let it know to project manager through email or phone
calls. Students can improve their communication skills by doing internship. Because in three
month of internship, an intern must have to communicate with his project manager, site engineer
and technicians. The third part of the internship is gather technical skills. Doing internship in
telecommunication sector an intern can learn lots of technical knowledge. In the internship the
work need to done in hand so that it’s easy to understand. The last thing is buildup a good
relationship between co-workers. In Taurus International Ltd. the employees are so friendly and
helpful. It’s important to make good relation with co-worker so that anyone can work easily, can
get help from each other.

5.2 Conclusion
Internship is the way to learn about the corporate world. This can show the difference between the
student life and the corporate life. By the grace of Almighty Allah and the support of the family
members, internal and external supervisor, it has become possible to finish the internship program
and prepare the internship report. Taurus International Ltd. provides the best environment of work.
So that it was easy to learn lots of things and experiencing the professional world.

16
 References

1. “Taurus International Ltd.” taurus-bd.com 2019 [Online]

Available: http://www.taurus-bd.com/Home-14 [Accessed: 18/3/19]
2. “Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission” btrc.gov.bd. 2019 [Online]
Available: http://www.btrc.gov.bd/content/mobile-phone-subscribers-bangladesh-june-2018
[Accessed: 18/3/19]
3. “Tutorials Point” tutorialspoint.com 2019 [Online]
Available: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/gsm/gsm_overview.htm [Accessed: 18/4/19]
4. “Research Gate” researchgate.net 2019[Online]
Available: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/GSM-Architecture_fig1_281454585
[Accessed: 20/4/19]

17