David Duke

David Duke
David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is a prominent American racist, white
supremacist, white nationalist politician, white separatist, antisemitic conspiracy
David Duke
theorist, Holocaust denier, convicted felon, and former Grand Wizard of the Ku
Klux Klan.
A former Republican Louisiana State Representative, Duke was a candidate in the

Democratic presidential primaries in 1988 and the Republican presidential primaries
in 1992. Duke also ran unsuccessfully for the Louisiana State Senate, United States
Senate, United States House of Representatives, and for Governor of Louisiana.
In 2002, Duke pled guilty to felony fraud. Specifically, he defrauded his political
supporters by pretending to be in dire financial straits, and asking them for money to
help him pay for basic necessities. At the time, Duke was financially secure, and he
used his supporters' money for recreational gambling.[3] He subsequently served a
15-month sentence at Federal Correctional Institution, Big Springin Texas.[4]
Duke speaks against what he alleges as Jewish control of the Federal Reserve Bank,
the U.S. federal government, and the media. Duke supports the preservation of what 5th Grand Wizard of the
he considers to be Western culture and traditionalist Christian family values, as well Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
as abolition of the Internal Revenue Service, voluntary racial segregation, anti- In office
communism, and white separatism.[5][6][7] 1974–1979/1980
Preceded by Position
established
Contents Succeeded by Don Black

Member of the
Early life Louisiana House of
1972 arrest in New Orleans Representatives
Political and ideological activities from the 81st district
Early campaigns In office
1988 presidential campaign February 18, 1989 – January 13,
1989: Successful run in special election for Louisiana House seat 1992
As state representative
Preceded by Chuck Cusimano
1990 campaign for U.S. Senate
1991 campaign for Governor of Louisiana Succeeded by David Vitter
1992 Republican Party presidential candidate Personal details
1999 campaign for U.S. House
Born David Ernest Duke
New Orleans Protocol July 1, 1950
Later political activity Tulsa, Oklahoma,
2016 campaign for U.S. Senate U.S.
White genocide Political party American Nazi
Affiliations (before 1975)[1]
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Democratic (1975–
NAAWP
1988)
Ernst Zündel and the Zundelsite
Populist (1988–
2005 doctorate
Iran
1989)
Stormfront Republican (1989–
British National Party 1999; 2016–
Alt-right present)[2]
Publications Reform (1999–
Finders-Keepers 2001)
My Awakening
Jewish Supremacism
Children 2
Website Education Louisiana State
Internet broadcast University, Baton
Public appearances Rouge (BA)
Public address in Syria Website davidduke.com
Comments in the media
Conferences
Criticism, legal difficulties, and felony conviction
Critical publications
Tax fraud conviction and defrauding followers
2009 arrest in the Czech Republic
2013 expulsion from Italy; Schengen Area ban
Personal life
In popular culture
Self-published books
See also
References
External links
Early life
Duke was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Alice Maxine (Crick) and David Hedger Duke. As the son of an engineer for Shell Oil
Company, Duke frequently moved with his family around the world. They lived a short time in the Netherlands before settling in
Louisiana. In the late 1960s, Duke met William Luther Pierce, the leader of the white nationalist, neo-Nazi, Holocaust denial and
antisemitic National Alliance, who would remain a lifelong influence on him. Duke joined theKu Klux Klan (KKK) in 1967.[8]
In 1968, Duke enrolled atLouisiana State University(LSU) in Baton Rouge, and in 1970, he formed a white student group called the
White Youth Alliance that was affiliated with the National Socialist White People's Party. The same year, to protest lawyer William
Kunstler's appearance at Tulane University in New Orleans, Duke appeared at a demonstration in Nazi uniform. Picketing and
[9]
holding parties on the anniversary ofHitler's birth, he became known on the LSU campus for wearing a Nazi uniform.
Duke says that he spent nine months in Laos, calling it a "normal tour of duty." He actually went to Laos in order to join his father,
who was working there and had asked him to visit during the summer of 1971.[10] His father helped him gain a job teaching English
to Laotian military officers, from which he was dismissed after six weeks when he drew a Molotov cocktail on the blackboard.[11] He
also claimed to have gone behind enemy lines 20 times at night to drop rice to anti-communist insurgents in planes flying 10 feet
(3.0 m) off the ground, narrowly avoiding receiving a shrapnel wound. Two Air America pilots who were in Laos at that time said
that the planes only flew during the day and that they also flew no less than 500 feet (150 m) from the ground. One pilot suggested
that it might have been possible for Duke to have gone on a safe "milk run" once or twice but no more than that. Duke was also
[10]
unable to recall the name of the airfield that he had used.
[12]
Duke graduated from LSU in 1974. Shortly after graduation, Duke founded the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (KKKK).
1972 arrest in New Orleans

In January 1972, Duke was arrested in New Orleans for "inciting a riot". Several racial confrontations broke out that month in the
Crescent City, including one at the Robert E. Lee Monument involving Duke, Addison Roswell Thompson—a perennial
segregationist candidate for governor of Louisianaand mayor of New Orleans—and his 89-year-old friend and mentor, Rene LaCoste
(not to be confused with the French tennis player René Lacoste). Thompson and LaCoste dressed in Klan robes for the occasion and
placed a Confederate flag at the monument. The Black Panthers began throwing bricks at the pair, but police arrived in time to
prevent serious injury.[13]
Political and ideological activities
Early campaigns
Duke first ran for the Louisiana Senate as a Democrat from a Baton Rouge district in 1975. During his campaign, he was allowed to
speak on the college campuses of Vanderbilt University, Indiana University, the University of Southern California, Stanford
University, and Tulane University.[14] He received 11,079 votes, one-third of those cast.[15]
In October 1979, he ran as a Democrat for the 10th District Senate seat and finished second in a three-candidate race with 9,897 votes
(26%).[16]
In the late 1970s, Duke was accused by several Klan officials of stealing the organization's money. "Duke is nothing but a con artist",
Jack Gregory, Duke's Florida state leader, told the Clearwater Sun after Duke allegedly refused to turn over proceeds from a series of
1979 Klan rallies to the Knights. Another Klan official under Duke, Jerry Dutton, told reporters that Duke had used Klan funds to
purchase and refurbish his home inMetairie. Duke later justified the repairs by saying most of his home was used by the Klan.
In 1979, after his first, abortive run for president (as a Democrat) and a series of highly publicized violent Klan incidents, Duke
quietly incorporated the nonprofit National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP) in an attempt to leave the
baggage of the Klan behind.
Duke allegedly conducted a direct-mail appeal in 1987, using the identity and mailing-list of the Georgia Forsyth County Defense
League without permission. League officials described it as a fundraising scam.[17]
1988 presidential campaign

In 1988, Duke ran initially in the Democratic presidential primaries. His campaign had limited impact, with the only exception—
winning the little-known New Hampshire Vice-Presidential primary.[18] Duke, having failed to gain much traction as a Democrat,
then sought and gained the Presidential nomination of the Populist Party.[19] He appeared on the ballot for president in 11 states and
was a write-in candidate in some other states, some with Trenton Stokes of Arkansas for vice president, and on other state ballots
with Floyd Parker, a physician from New Mexico,[20] for vice president. He received just 47,047 votes, for 0.04% of the national
popular vote.[21]
1989: Successful run in special election for Louisiana House seat

filiation from the Democratic Party to theRepublican Party.[22]
In December 1988, Duke changed his political af
In 1988, Republican State Representative Charles Cusimano of Metairie resigned his District 81 seat to become a 24th Judicial
District Court judge, and aspecial election was called early in 1989 to select a successor. Duke entered the race to succeed Cusimano
and faced several opponents, including fellow Republicans John Spier Treen, a brother of former Governor David C. Treen; Delton
Charles, a school board member; and Roger F. Villere, Jr., who operates Villere's Florist in Metairie. Duke finished first in the
primary with 3,995 votes (33.1%).[23] As no one received a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff election was required
between Duke and Treen, who polled 2,277 votes (18.9%) in the first round of balloting. Treen's candidacy was endorsed by U.S.
President George H. W. Bush, former President Ronald Reagan, and other notable Republicans,[24] as well as Democrats Victor
Bussie (president of the LouisianaAFL-CIO) and Edward J. Steimel (president of the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry
and former director of the "good government" think tank, the Public Affairs Research Council). Duke, however, hammered Treen on
a statement the latter had made indicating a willingness to entertain higher property taxes, anathema in that suburban district.[25]
Duke, with 8,459 votes (50.7%), defeated Treen, who polled 8,232 votes (49.3%).[26] He served in the House from 1989 until
1992.[27]
Freshman legislator Odon Bacqué of Lafayette, a No Party member of the House, stood alone in 1989 when he attempted to deny
seating to Duke on the grounds that the incoming representative had resided outside his district at the time of his election. When
Treen failed in a court challenge in regard to Duke's residency, Duke was seated. Lawmakers who opposed Duke said that they had to
[28]
defer to his constituents, who narrowly chose Duke as representative.
As state representative
Duke took his seat on the same day as Jerry Luke LeBlanc of Lafayette Parish (who won another special election, held on the same
day as the Duke-Treen runoff, to choose a successor to Kathleen Blanco), the future governor who was elected to the Louisiana
Public Service Commission. Duke and LeBlanc were sworn in separately
.
Colleague Ron Gomez of Lafayette stated that Duke, as a short-term legislator, was "so single minded, he never really became
involved in the nuts and bolts of House rules and parliamentary procedure. It was just that shortcoming that led to the demise of most
of his attempts at lawmaking."[29]
One legislative issue pushed by Duke was the requirement thatwelfare recipients be tested for the use ofnarcotics. The recipients had
[30]
to show themselves to be drug-free to receive state and federal benefits under his proposal.
Gomez, a longtime journalist, recalls having met and interviewed Duke in the mid-1970s when Duke was a state senate candidate:
He was still in his mid-20s and very non-descript. Tall and slimly built, he had a very prominent nose, flat cheek
bones, a slightly receding chin and straight dark brown hair. The interview turned out to be quite innocuous, and I
hadn't thought about it again until Duke came to my legislative desk, and we shook hands. Who was this guy? Tall
and well-built with a perfect nose, a model's cheek bones, prominent chin, blue eyes and freshly coiffed blond hair, he
looked like a movie star. He obviously didn't remember from the radio encounter, and I was content to leave it at
that.[31]
Consistent with Gomez's observation, Duke in the latter 1980s reportedly had his nose thinned and chin augmented. Following his
election to the Louisiana House of Representatives, he shaved his mustache.[32][33] Gomez, in his 2000 autobiography, wrote about
Duke:
He once presented a bill on the floor, one of the few which he had managed to get out of committee. He finished his
opening presentation and strolled with great self-satisfaction back up the aisle to his seat. In his mind, he had spoken,
made his presentation and that was that. Before he had even reached his desk and re-focused on the proceedings,
another first-term member had been recognized for the floor and immediately moved to table the bill. The House
[34]
voted for the motions effectively killing the bill. That and similar procedures were used against him many times.
Gomez said that he recalls Duke obtaining the passage of only a single bill, legislation which prohibited movie producers or book
[35]
publishers from compensating jurors for accounts of their court experiences.
Gomez added that Duke's "tenure in the House was short and uninspired. Never has anyone parlayed an election by such a narrow
margin to such a minor position to such international prominence. He has run for numerous other positions without success but has
always had some effect, usually negative, on the outcome."[36]
Gomez continued:
[Duke's] new message was that he had left the Klan, shed the Nazi uniform he had proudly worn in many previous
appearances, and only wanted to serve the people. He eliminated his high-octane anti-Semitic rhetoric. He was
particularly concerned with the plight of "European-Americans." He never blatantly spoke of race as a factor but
referred to the "growing underclass." He used the tried and true demagoguery of class envy to sell his message:
excessive taxpayers' money spent on welfare, school busing practices,affirmative action... and set-aside programs. He
ferson Parish voter, protection of the homestead exemption.[37]
also embraced a subject near and dear to every Jef
Duke launched unsuccessful campaigns for the U.S. Senate in 1990 and governor in 1991. Villere did not again seek office but
instead concentrated his political activity within theRepublican organization.[38]

Duke has often criticized federal policies that he believes discriminate against white people in favor of racial minorities. To that end
he formed the controversial group the National Association for the Advancement of White People, a play on the African American
.[39]
civil rights group, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Though Duke had first hesitated about entering the Senate race, he made his announcement of candidacy for the nonpartisan blanket
primary held on October 6, 1990. Duke was the only Republican in competition against three Democrats, including incumbent U.S.
Senator J. Bennett Johnston, Jr., of Shreveport,[40] whom Duke derided as "J. Benedict Johnston".[41]
Former Governor David Treen, whose brother, John Treen, Duke had defeated for state representative in 1989, called Duke's
senatorial platform "garbage. ... Ithink he is bad for our party because of his espousal ofNazism and racial superiority."[42]
The Republican Party officially endorsed state Senator Ben Bagert of New Orleans in a state convention on January 13, 1990, but
national GOP officials in October, just days before the primary election, concluded that Bagert could not win. To avoid a runoff
between Duke and Bagert, the GOP decided to surrender the primary to Johnston. Funding for Bagert's campaign was halted, and
after initial protest, Bagert dropped out two days before the election. With such a late withdrawal, Bagert's name remained on the
ballot, but his votes, most of which were presumably cast as absentee ballots, were not counted.[43][44] Duke received 43.51 percent
[40]
(607,391 votes) of the primary vote to Johnston's 53.93 percent (752,902 votes).
Duke's views prompted some of his critics, including Republicans such as journalist Quin Hillyer, to form the Louisiana Coalition
Jews.[45]
Against Racism and Nazism, which directed media attention to Duke's statements of hostility to blacks and
In a 2006 Financial Times editorial, Gideon Rachman recalled interviewing Duke's 1990 campaign manager, who said, "The Jews
just aren't a big issue in Louisiana. We keep telling David, stick to attacking the blacks. There's no point in going after the Jews, you
just piss them off and nobody here cares about them anyway."[46]
1991 campaign for Governor of Louisiana

,[47] Duke ran for governor of Louisiana in 1991. In the primary, Duke finished second to
Despite repudiation by the Republican Party
former governor Edwin W. Edwards in votes; thus, he faced Edwards in a runoff. In the initial round, Duke received 32% of the vote.
Incumbent Governor Buddy Roemer, who had switched from the Democratic to Republican parties during his term, came in third
with 27% of the vote. Duke effectively killed Roemer's bid for re-election. While Duke had a sizable core constituency of devoted
supporters, many voted for him as a "protest vote" to register dissatisfaction with Louisiana's establishment politicians. In response to
criticism for his past white supremacist activities, Duke's stock response was to apologize for his past and declare that he was a born-
again Christian.[48] During the campaign, Duke said he was the spokesman for the "white majority"[49] and, according to The New
firmative action programs in the United States."[50]
York Times, "equated the extermination of Jews in Nazi Germany with af
The Christian Coalition of America, which exerted considerable impact on the Republican State Central Committee, was led in
Louisiana by its national director and vice president, Billy McCormack, then the pastor of University Worship Center in Shreveport.
The coalition was accused of having failed to investigate Duke in the early part of his political resurgence. By the time of the 1991
gubernatorial election, however, its leadership had withdrawn support from Duke.[51] Despite Duke's status as the only Republican in
the runoff, incumbent President George H. W. Bush (a Republican) opposed his candidacy and denounced him as a charlatan and a
racist.[50] White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu stated that "The President is absolutely opposed to the kind of racist statements
[52]
that have come out of David Duke now and in the past."
The Louisiana Coalition against Racism and Nazism rallied against Duke's gubernatorial campaign.
Beth Rickey, a moderate member
of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee and a PhD student at Tulane University, began to follow Duke to record his
speeches and expose what she saw as instances of racist and neo-Nazi remarks. For a time, Duke took Rickey to lunch, introduced
her to his daughters, telephoned her late at night, and tried to convince her of his worldview: the Holocaust was a myth, notorious
Auschwitz physician Josef Mengele was a medical genius, and that blacks and Jews were responsible for various social ills. Rickey
released transcripts of their conversations to the press and also provided evidence establishing that Duke sold Nazi literature
(including Mein Kampf) from his legislative office and attended neo-Nazi political gatherings while he held elective office.[53][54]
Between the primary and the runoff, called the "general election" under Louisiana election rules (in which all candidates run on one
ballot, regardless of party),white supremacist organizations from around the country contributed to Duke's campaign fund.[55][56]
Duke's rise garnered national media attention. While he gained the backing of the quixotic former Alexandria Mayor John K. Snyder,
Duke won few serious endorsements in Louisiana. Celebrities and organizations donated thousands of dollars to former Governor
Edwin Edwards' campaign. Referencing Edwards' long-standing problem with accusations of corruption, popular bumper stickers
read: "Vote for the Crook. It's Important",[57][58] and "Vote for the Lizard, not the Wizard." When a reporter asked Edwards what he
needed to do to triumph over Duke, Edwards replied with a smile: "Stay alive."
The runoff debate, held on November 6, 1991, received significant attention when journalist Norman Robinson questioned Duke.
Robinson, who is African-American, told Duke that he was "scared" at the prospect of Duke winning the election because of his
history of "diabolical, evil, vile" racist and antisemitic comments, some of which he read to Duke. He then pressed Duke for an
apology and when Duke protested that Robinson was not being fair to him, Robinson replied that he didn't think Duke was being
honest. Jason Berry of the Los Angeles Times called it "startling TV" and the "catalyst" for the "overwhelming" turnout of black
voters who helped Edwards defeat Duke.[48]
Edwards received 1,057,031 votes (61.2%), while Duke's 671,009 votes represented 38.8% of the total. Duke nevertheless claimed
[9]
victory, saying, "I won my constituency. I won 55% of the white vote", a statistic confirmed by exit polls.
1992 Republican Party presidential candidate

Duke ran as a Republican in the 1992 presidential primaries, although Republican Party officials tried to block his participation.[59]
He received 119,115 (0.94%) votes[60] in the primaries, but no delegates to the national convention.
A 1992 film, Backlash: Race and the American Dream, investigated Duke's appeal among some white voters. Backlash explored the
demagogic issues of Duke's platform, examining his use of black crime, welfare, affirmative action and white supremacy and tied
Duke to a legacy of other white backlash politicians, such as Lester G. Maddox and George Wallace, and the use in the successful
1988 presidential campaign ofGeorge H. W. Bush of these same racially themed hot buttons.[61]

When Johnston announced his retirement in 1996, Duke ran again for the U.S. Senate. He polled 141,489 votes (11.5%). Former
Republican state representative Woody Jenkins of Baton Rouge and Democrat Mary Landrieu of New Orleans, the former state
jungle primary race.[62]
treasurer, went into the general election contest. Duke was fourth in the nine-person,
1999 campaign for U.S. House

A special election was held in Louisiana's First Congressional District following the sudden resignation of powerful Republican
incumbent Bob Livingston in 1999. Duke sought the seat as a Republican and received 19% of the vote. He finished a close third,
thus failing to make the runoff. His candidacy was repudiated by the Republicans.[63] Republican Party chairman Jim Nicholson
remarked: "There is no room in the party of Lincoln for a Klansman like David Duke."[63] Republican state representative David
Vitter (later a U.S. Senator) went on to defeat former governor Treen. Also in the race was the New Orleans Republican leader Rob
Couhig.[64]
New Orleans Protocol

Duke organized a weekend gathering of "European Nationalists" in Kenner, Louisiana. In an attempt to overcome the splintering and
division in the white nationalist movement that had followed the death of leader William Pierce in 2002, Duke presented a unity
proposal for peace within the movement and a better image for outsiders. His proposal was accepted and is now known as the New
Orleans Protocol (NOP). It pledges adherents to a pan-European outlook, recognizing national and ethnic allegiance, but stressing the
value of all European peoples. Signed by and sponsored by a number of white supremacist leaders and organizations, it has three
provisions:[65][66]
1. Zero tolerance for violence.

2. Honorable and ethical behavior in relations with other signatory groups. This includes not denouncing others who
have signed this protocol. In other words, no enemies on the right.
3. Maintaining a high tone in our arguments and public presentations.
Those who signed the pact on May 29, 2004, include Duke, Don Black, Paul Fromm, Willis Carto (whose Holocaust-denying Barnes
Review helped sponsor the event), Kevin Alfred Strom, and John Tyndall (signing as an individual, not on behalf of his British
National Party).[65]
The SPLC noted that the "high tone" of the NOP contrasted with statements at the event where the pact was signed, such as Paul
Fromm's calling a Muslim woman "a hag in a bag" and Sam Dickson (from the Council of Conservative Citizens, another sponsor)
speaking about the "very, very destructive" effect of opposing the Nazis in World War II—opposition that caused people to view
Hitler's "normal, healthy racial values" as evil.[65] The SPLC described the NOP as a "smokescreen," saying that "most of the
conference participants' ire was directed at what they consider to be a worldwide Jewish conspiracy to destroy the white race through
immigration and miscegenation".[67]
Later political activity

Duke joined the Reform Party in 1999 while working for Pat Buchanan's 2000 presidential campaign. Duke and Buchanan would
both leave the party after the election.
In 2004, Duke's bodyguard, roommate, and longtime associate Roy Armstrong made a bid for the United States House of
Representatives, running as a Democrat, to serve Louisiana's First Congressional District. In the open primary, Armstrong finished
second in the six candidate field with 6.69% of the vote, but Republican Bobby Jindal received 78.40%, thus winning the seat.[68]
[69][70]
Duke was the head advisor of Armstrong's campaign.
Duke claimed that thousands of Tea Party movement activists had urged him to run for president in 2012,[71][72] and that he was
seriously considering entering the Republican Party primaries.[72] However, Duke ultimately did not contest the primaries won by
Mitt Romney, who lost in the presidential election to incumbentBarack Obama.[73]
In 2015, it was reported in the media that Duke endorsed 2016 presidential nominee Donald Trump for president.[74][75] Duke
responded on his personal website by saying that he had not actually endorsed Trump.[76][77] He later clarified in an interview with
The Daily Beast in August 2015 that while he viewed Trump as "the best of the lot", due to his stance on immigration, Trump's
support for Israel was a deal breaker for him. Duke claimed that "Trump has made it very clear that he's 1,000 percent dedicated to
Israel, so how much is left over for America?"[78] In December 2015, Duke said Donald Trump speaks more radically than he does,
advising that Trump's radical speech is both a positive and a negative.[79][80] In February 2016, Duke urged his listeners to vote
Trump, saying that voting for anyone besides Donald Trump "is really treason to your heritage."[81] In 2016, someone claiming to be
David Duke filed a lawsuit in a federal court attempting to bar rTump from the Florida presidential primary.The real Duke referred to
[82]
the hoax as "the biggest, dirtiest trick I've seen recently".

On July 22, 2016, Duke announced that he was planning to run for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate seat in
Louisiana being vacated by RepublicanDavid Vitter.[83] He stated that he was running "to defend the rights of European Americans".
He claimed that his platform has become the Republican mainstream and added, "I'm overjoyed to see Donald Trump and most
Americans embrace most of the issues that I've championed for years." However, Trump's campaign reaffirmed that Trump disavows
Duke's support, and Republican organizations said they will not support him "under any circumstances".[84] On August 5, 2016,
National Public Radio (NPR) aired an interview between Duke and Steve Inskeep in which Duke claimed that there was widespread
racism against European Americans, that they have been subject to vicious attacks in the media, and that Trump's voters were also his
voters.[85][86]
A Mason-Dixon poll released on October 20, 2016, showed Duke receiving support from 5.1% of voters in the state, barely clearing
[87]
the 5% requirement for a candidate to be allowed to participate in a November 2 debate.
Duke received 3% of the vote on Election Day, with a total of 58,581 votes out of nearly 2 million cast. He came in 7th place in
Louisiana's open primary.[88]
Those who made donations to the campaign were publicly outed in several states in 2017, leading to boycotts, lost business, and one
restaurant to close entirely.[89][90]
White genocide
Duke promotes the white genocide conspiracy theory and explicitly claims that Jews are "organising white
genocide".[91][92][93][94][95] In 2017 he accused Anthony Bourdain of promoting white genocide.[96][97]
Affiliations
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan

In 1974, Duke founded the Louisiana-based Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (KKKK),
shortly after graduating from LSU.[98] He became Grand Wizard of the KKKK. A
follower of Duke, Thomas Robb, changed the title of Grand Wizard to National
Director, and replaced the Klan's white robes with business suits.[99] Duke first
received broad public attention during this time, as he endeavored to market himself
in the mid-1970s as a new brand of Klansman: well-groomed, engaged, and
professional. Duke also reformed the organization, promoting nonviolence and
legality, and, for the first time in the Klan's history, women were accepted as equal
David Duke in 1978
members and Catholics were encouraged to apply for membership.[100] Duke would
repeatedly insist that the Klan was "not anti-black" but rather "pro-white" and "pro-
Christian." Duke told The Daily Telegraph that he left the Klan in 1980 because he disliked its associations with violence and could
[101]
not stop the members of other Klan chapters from doing "stupid or violent things."
NAAWP
In 1980, Duke left the Klan and formed the National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP), a white
nationalist organization.[102]
Ernst Zündel and the Zundelsite
Duke expressed support for Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel, a German emigrant in Canada. Duke made a number of statements
supporting Zündel and his campaign of Holocaust denial.[103] Zündel was deported from Canada to Germany[104] and imprisoned in
Germany on charges of inciting the masses to ethnic hatred. After Zündel died in August 2017, Duke referred to him as being a "very
heroic and courageous European preservationist".[105]
2005 doctorate
In September 2005, Duke received a non-accredited "PhD in history"[106] from the Ukrainian private university Interregional
Academy of Personnel Management(MAUP), an institution that has been described by the Anti-Defamation Leagueas a "University
of Hate."[107] Duke's doctoral thesis was titled "Zionism as a Form of Ethnic Supremacism."[106] However, the PhD program of
MAUP was not accredited by the Higher Attestation Commissionof Ukraine and is not accredited by that state body's successor, the
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine,[108] so the PhD diplomas issued by MAUP are not recognized by the Ukrainian state
as real academic degrees.[40][109]
The Anti-Defamation League claims that MAUP is the main source of antisemitic activity and publishing in Ukraine,[110] and its
"anti-Semitic actions" were "strongly condemned" by Foreign MinisterBorys Tarasyuk and various organizations.[111][112][113][114]
Duke has taught a course on international relations and a history course at MAUP.[115] On his website, Duke now refers to himself as
"Dr. David Duke" and "Dr. Duke."
Iran
Duke has taken part in Iranian government sponsored events in Iran. In 2006, at the invitation of Iranian president Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad, Duke took part in an event held in Tehran to question the Holocaust. "The Zionists have used the Holocaust as a
weapon to deny the rights of the Palestinians and cover up the crimes of Israel," Duke told a gathering of nearly 70 participants in
Tehran at Ahmadinejad's invitation. "This conference has an incredible impact on Holocaust studies all over the world," said
Duke.[116]
Stormfront
In 1995, Don Black and Chloê Hardin, Duke's ex-wife, began a bulletin board system (BBS) called Stormfront. The website has
become a prominent online forum for white nationalism, white separatism, holocaust denial, neo-Nazism, hate speech and
racism.[117][118][119] Duke is an active user ofStormfront, where he posts articles from his own website and polls forum members for
opinions and questions, in particular during his Internet broadcasts. Duke has worked with Don Black on numerous projects,
[120][121]
including Operation Red Dog (the attempted overthrowing of Dominica's government) in 1980.
British National Party

In 2000, Nick Griffin (then leader of the British National Party in the United Kingdom) met with Duke at a seminar with the
American Friends of the British National Party.[122] Griffin said:
instead of talking about racial purity, we talk about identity … that means basically to use the saleable words, as I say,
freedom, security, identity, democracy. Nobody can criticise them. Nobody can come at you and attack you on those
ideas. They are saleable.
— Nick Griffin[123][124][125]
This was widely reported in the media of the United Kingdom, as well as the meeting between Duke and Griffin, following electoral
successes made by the party in 2009.[123][124][125]
Alt-right
Duke has written in praise of the alt-right, describing one broadcast as "fun and interesting"[126] and another as "this great
show".[127] People for the American Way reported Duke championing the alt-right.[128] Duke described them as "our people" when
describing their role inDonald Trump's election victory.[129]
There are also claims that whilst he is not an active member of the alt-right, he is an inspiration for the movement. The International
Business Times described Duke as having 'Zieg-heiling acolytes in the so-called "alt-right"'.[130] The Forward has said that Duke
"paved the way" for the alt-right movement.[131]
Publications
Finders-Keepers
To raise money in 1976, Duke (using the double pseudonym James Konrad and Dorothy Vanderbilt) wrote a self-help book for
women, Finders-Keepers: Finding and Keeping the Man You Want.[132] which contains sexual, diet, fashion, cosmetic and
relationship advice, and was published by Arlington Place Books, an offshoot of the National Socialist White People's Party.[133]
Tulane University history professor Lawrence N. Powell, who read a rare copy of the book given to him by journalist Patsy Sims,
wrote that it includes advice on vaginal exercises, oral and anal sex and advocated adultery. The puritan inclined Klan was shocked
by Duke's writing.[132][134][135] According to journalist Tyler Bridges, The Times-Picayune obtained a copy and traced its
provenance to Duke,[136] who compiled the content from women's self-help magazines.
[9] Duke has admitted being Konrad.[137]
My Awakening
In 1998, Duke published the autobiographical My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding. The book details Duke's social
philosophies, particularly his reasoning in support ofracial separation:
We [Whites] desire to live in our own neighborhoods, go to our own schools, work in our own cities and towns, and
ultimately live as one extended family in our own nation. We shall end the racial genocide of integration. We shall
work for the eventual establishment of a separate homeland for African Americans, so each race will be free to pursue
[5]
its own destiny without racial conflicts and ill will.
[138]
The Anti-Defamation League book review refers to it as containing racist, antisemitic, sexist and homophobic views.
To raise the money to republish a new, updated edition of My Awakening, Duke instigated a 21-day fundraising drive on
November 26, 2007, stating he had to raise "$25,344 by a December 17 deadline for the printers."[139] Duke states the drive was
necessary because the work "has become the most important book in the entire world in the effort to awaken our people for our
heritage and freedom."
Jewish Supremacism
In 2001, Duke traveled to Russia to promote his next book, Jewish Supremacism: My Awakening to the Jewish Question, in which he
purports to "examine and document elements of ethnic supremacism that have existed in the Jewish community from historical to
modern times."[140] The book is dedicated to Israel Shahak, a critical author of what Shahak saw as supremacist religious teachings
in Jewish culture. Former Boris Yeltsin press minister Boris Mironov wrote an introduction for the Russian edition, printed under the
title The Jewish Question Through the Eyes of an American.
The ADL office in Moscow urged the Moscow prosecutor to open an investigation into Mironov. The ADL office initiated a letter
from Alexander Fedulov, a prominent member of the Duma, to Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov, urging a criminal case be
opened against the author and the Russian publisher of Duke's book. In his letter, Fedulov described the book as antisemitic and a
violation of Russian anti-hate crime laws.[141] Around December 2001, the
prosecutor's office closed the investigation of Boris Mironov and Jewish
Supremacism. In a public letter, Yury Biryukov, First Deputy of the Prosecutor
General of the Russian Federation, stated that a psychological examination, which
was conducted as a part of the investigation, concluded that the book and the actions
[142]
of Boris Mironov did not break Russian hate-crime laws.
The ADL referred to the book as antisemitic,[143] though Duke had denied the claim
that the book is motivated by antisemitism.[144] At one time, the book was sold in
the main lobby of the building of Russian State Duma (lower house of
David Duke (right) andUdo Voigt
parliament).[145] The first printing of 5,000 copies sold out in several weeks. (left), the former leader of the
National Democratic Party of
In 2004, the book was published in the United States. Originally published in Germany (NPD)
English and Russian, the book has subsequently been translated internationally into
Swedish, Ukrainian, Persian, Hungarian, Spanish[146] and most recently (2010) into
Finnish.[147] In 2007, an updated edition was published[148] which Duke purports to be a "fine quality hardback edition with full
[146]
color dust jacket and it has a new index and a number of timely additions".
In 2006, Duke said his views had been "vindicated" with the publication of The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy by professors
John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, and said he was "surprised how excellent [the paper] is". Duke dedicated several radio webcasts
to the book and the authors comparing it to his work Jewish Supremacism,[149][150][151][152] although Walt stated: "I have always
[153]
found Mr. Duke's views reprehensible, and I am os rry he sees this article as consistent with his view of the world".
His website has hosted articles by various authors claiming that Jewish loan-sharks own the Federal Reserve Bank,[154] and that Jews
own Hollywood and the U.S. media.[155] Duke also opposes what he considers to be p" romotion of homosexuality" by Jews.[156]
Website
In a statement on his official website published in 2005, Duke describes himself as a "racial realist," asserting that "all people have a
basic human right to preserve their own heritage."[157]
Internet broadcast
On February 5, 2002, Duke said on his Internet broadcast that Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon was "the world's worst terrorist"
and that Mossad was involved in the September 11 attacks. The broadcast said thatZionists were behind the attacks in order to reduce
sympathy for Muslim nations in the West, and that the number of Israelis killed in the attack was lower than it would be under normal
circumstances, citing early assessments by The Jerusalem Post and "the legendary involvement of Israeli nationals in businesses at
[158]
the World Trade Center". According to Duke, this indicated that Israeli security services had prior knowledge of the attack.
Public appearances
Public address in Syria

On November 24, 2005, Duke visited Damascus, Syria, addressing a rally broadcast on
Syrian television and giving an interview.[159][160] During the rally, he referred to Israel as
a "war-mongering country" and stated that Zionists "occupy most of the American media
and now control much of the American government … It is not just the West Bank of
Palestine, it is not just the Golan Heights that are occupied by the Zionists, but Washington,
D.C., and New York and London and many other capitals of the world." He concluded by
Duke in Belgium in 2008
stating: "Your fight for freedom is the same as our fight for freedom." In a second
interview, he said Israel "makes the Nazi state look very, very moderate." Syrian parliament member Mohammad Habash, leader of
the Islamic revivalist movement in Syria, later stated that Duke's visit gave Syrians a "new and very positive view of the average
American."[159][161][162]
Comments in the media

Since 2005, Duke has appeared three times on Current Issues, a Lafayette, Louisiana–based television show hosted and produced by
Palestinian-American Hesham Tillawi, which has recently been picked up by Bridges TV. Tillawi gave Duke the opportunity to
discourse at length about his beliefs on Jewish supremacism. On a show in October 2005, Duke claimed that Jewish extremists are
[163]
responsible for undermining the morality of America and are attempting to "wash the world in blood."
After Mearsheimer and Walt's paper on the Israel lobby appeared in March 2006, Duke praised the paper in a number of articles on
his website, on his March 18 web broadcast, and on MSNBC's March 21 Scarborough Country program.[164] According to The New
York Sun, Duke said in an email, "It is quite satisfying to see a body in the premier American university essentially come out and
validate every major point I have been making since even before the war even started." Duke added that "the task before us is to
wrest control of America's foreign policy and critical junctures of media from the Jewish extremist Neocons that seek to lead us into
what they expectantly call World War IV."
In 2015, after 47 Senate Republicans warned Iran that agreements made with the US that were not ratified by the Senate were liable
to be repudiated by a future President, Duke told Fox News' Alan Colmes that the signatories "should become a Jew, put on a
yarmulke because they are not Americans, they have sold their soul to the Jewish power in this country and the Jewish power
overseas."[165][166]
Conferences
Duke organized a gathering of European Nationalists who signed the New Orleans Protocol on May 29, 2004. The signatories agreed
to avoid infighting among far-right racialists.
On June 3, 2005, Duke co-chaired a conference named "Zionism As the Biggest Threat to Modern Civilization" in Ukraine,
sponsored by the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management. The conference was attended by several notable Ukrainian
public figures and politicians, and writerIsrael Shamir.[167]
Duke claims that Swedish police thwarted an attempted assassination against him, in August 2005, while Duke was speaking in
Sweden.[168]
On the weekend of June 8–10, 2006, Duke attended as a speaker at the international "White World's Future" conference in Moscow,
which was coordinated and hosted by Pavel Tulayev.[169] From December 11–13, Duke attended the International Conference to
Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust in Tehran, Iran, opened by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, stating "The Holocaust is the device
."[170]
used as the pillar of Zionist imperialism, Zionist aggression, Zionist terror and Zionist murder
Criticism, legal difficulties, and felony conviction
Critical publications
In Troubled Memory: Anne Levy, the Holocaust and David Duke's Louisiana[171][172] Lawrence N. Powell, a founding member of
the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism, depicts the "story of Anne Skorecki Levy, a Holocaust survivor who
transformed the horrors of her childhood into a passionate mission to defeat the political menace of reputed neo-Nazi and Ku Klux
Klan leader David Duke."[173]
Tax fraud conviction and defrauding followers

On December 12, 2002, David Duke pleaded guilty to the felony charge of filing a false tax return under 26 U.S.C. § 7206 and mail
fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1341[3] According to The New York Times: "Mr. Duke was accused of telling supporters that he was in
financial straits, then misusing the money they sent him from 1993 to 1999. He was also accused of filing a false 1998 tax return...
Mr. Duke used the money for personal investments and gambling trips... [T]he [supporter] contributions were as small as $5 and
.'"[174]
[according to the United States attorney, Jim Letten] there were so many that returning the money would be 'unwieldy
Four months later, Duke was sentenced to 15 months in prison, and he served the time in Big Spring, Texas. He was also fined
US$10,000 and ordered to cooperate with theInternal Revenue Serviceand to pay money still owed for his 1998 taxes. Following his
release in May 2004, he stated that his decision to take the plea bargain was motivated by the bias that he perceived in the United
States federal court systemand not his guilt. He said he felt the charges were contrived to derail his political career and discredit him
to his followers, and that he took the safe route by pleading guilty and receiving a mitigated sentence rather than pleading not guilty
and potentially receiving the full sentence.
The mail fraud charges stemmed from what prosecutors described as a six-year scheme to dupe thousands of his followers by asking
for donations. Using the postal service, Duke appealed to his supporters for funds by fraudulently stating he was about to lose his
house and his life savings. Prosecutors alleged that Duke raised hundreds of thousands of dollars in this scheme. Prosecutors also
stipulated that in contrast to what he stated in the mailings, he sold his home at a hefty profit, had multiple investment accounts, and
spent much of his money gambling at casinos.[4][175][176]
The Smoking Gun posted the entire file of court documents related to this case at its website, including details on Duke's guilty
pleas.[177]
2009 arrest in the Czech Republic

In April 2009, Duke traveled to the Czech Republic on invitation by a Czech neo-Nazi group known as Národní Odpor ("National
Resistance") to deliver three lectures in Prague and Brno to promote the Czech translation of his book My Awakening.[178] He was
arrested on April 23 on suspicion of "denying or approving of the Nazi genocide and other Nazi crimes" and "promotion of
movements seeking suppression of human rights," which are crimes in the Czech Republic punishable by up to three years'
Národní Odpor.[179][180]
imprisonment. At the time of his arrest, Duke was reportedly guarded by members of the
.[181][182][183]
The police released him early on April 25 on condition that he leave the country by midnight that same day
Duke's first lecture had been scheduled at Charles University in Prague, but it was canceled after university officials learned that neo-
Nazis were planning to attend.[184] Some Czech politicians, including Interior Minister Ivan Langer and Human Rights and
Minorities Minister Michael Kocáb, had previously expressed opposition to Duke's being allowed entrance into the Czech
Republic.[179]
In September 2009, the office of the District Prosecutor for Prague dropped all charges, explaining that there was no evidence that
Duke had committed any crime.[185]
2013 expulsion from Italy; Schengen Area ban

In 2013, an Italian court ruled in favor of expelling Duke from Italy.[186] Duke, then 63, was living in mountain village Valle di
Cadore in northern Italy. Although Duke had been issued a visa to live there by the Italian embassy in Malta, Italian police later found
Schengen Area.[186]
that Switzerland had issued a residence ban against Duke that applied throughout Europe's
Personal life
While working in the White Youth Alliance, Duke met Chloê Eleanor Hardin, who was also active in the group. They remained
companions throughout college and married in 1974. Hardin is the mother of Duke's two daughters, Erika and Kristin. The Dukes
divorced in 1984,[187] and Chloe moved to West Palm Beach, Florida, in order to be near her parents. There, she became involved
with Duke's Klan friend Don Black, whom she later married.[188] Duke rented out an apartment in Moscow beginning around
1999.[145] He lived in Russia for five years.[189] Duke currently resides inMandeville, Louisiana.[190]
In popular culture
Duke is portrayed by actorTopher Grace in the 2018 Spike Lee film BlacKkKlansman. He also appears in the film directly, in footage
taken from the Unite the Right rally.[191]
Self-published books
Duke, David Jewish Supremacism (Free Speech Press, 2003; 350 pages)ISBN 1-892796-05-8
Duke, David My Awakening (Free Speech Books, 1998; 736 pages)ISBN 1-892796-00-7
See also
Biography portal
Louisiana portal
References
Notes
1. Paul West (December 5, 1991). "David Duke takes aim at presidency La. legislator unveils GOP primary bid"
(http://
articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-12-05/news/1991339014_1_david-duke-duke-called-duke-announced) . Baltimore
Sun. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180810011450/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-12-05/news/199
1339014_1_david-duke-duke-called-duke-announced)from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved July 25,
2016.
2. "The Latest: Ex-KKK leader Duke: 'My time has come ' " (http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-the-latest-ex-kkk
-leader-duke-says-he-will-run-2016jul22-story ,amp.html). The San Diego Union-Tribune. July 22, 2016. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20170813103447/http://www .sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-the-latest-ex-kkk-leader-duke
-says-he-will-run-2016jul22-story,amp.html) from the original on August 13, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
3. David Duke pleads to mail fraud, tax charges(https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002-12-18-david-duke_x.htm)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120917011516/http://www .usatoday.com/news/nation/2002-12-18-david-du
ke_x.htm) 2012-09-17 at the Wayback Machine USA Today. December 18, 2002. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
4. Associated Press (March 12, 2003) "David Duke Gets 15-Month Sentence for Fraud"(https://www.foxnews.com/stor
y/david-duke-gets-15-month-sentence-for-fraud)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181207102807/https://ww
w.foxnews.com/story/david-duke-gets-15-month-sentence-for-fraud)December 7, 2018, at theWayback Machine
Fox News Channel
5. Duke, David. "An Aryan Vision" (http://www.solargeneral.com/library/ma/39.html). My Awakening. SolarGeneral.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070430131839/http://www .solargeneral.com/library/ma/39.html)from the
original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
6. Duke, David (October 23, 2004)."Kayla Rolland: One More Victim" (https://web.archive.org/web/20061029061208/ht
tp://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=21). Archived from the original (http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=21)
on October 29, 2006. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
7. "David Duke: In His Own Words / On Segregation" (http://www.adl.org/special_reports/duke_own_words/on_segrega
tion.asp). Anti-Defamation League.Archived (https://www.webcitation.org/66vq3qcUx?url=http://www.adl.org/special
_reports/duke_own_words/on_segregation.asp)from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2006.
8. Issues '92 Profile: David Duke;The Orange County Register. Santa Ana, California: March 2, 1992. pp. a.04
9. Bridges, Tyler (1995). The Rise of David Duke. University of Mississippi Press.ISBN 978-0-87805-678-1.
10. Bridges, Tyler (1995). The Rise of David Duke(https://books.google.com/?id=X2WD3EnA
VvEC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA2
6&dq=%22David+Duke%E2%80%8E;%22++vietnam#v=onepage&q=%20%20%20vietnam) . University Press of
Mississippi. pp. 26–29.ISBN 978-0-87805-684-2.
11. Burkett, B.G. (1998). Stolen Valor: How the Vietnam Generation was robbed of its heroes and history(https://books.
google.com/?id=Xd0DAAAACAAJ&dq=stole+valor) . Verity Press. ISBN 978-0-9667036-0-3.
12. "David Duke" (https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/david-duke). Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20190126171308/https://www .splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/david-duke)from the
original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
13. Patsy Sims (1996). The Klan (https://books.google.com/?id=2-84635lwKYC&pg=P A152&lpg=PA152&dq=a+roswell+t
hompson) (2nd ed.). Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9780813108872.
Retrieved August 1, 2014.
14. "David Ernest Duke: 'My race has never been defeated, and we will not fall this time.' " (https://www.newspapers.co
m/image/67860148/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22ku%2Bklux%2Bklan%22) . The Daily Tar Heel
(Chapel Hill, North Carolina). January 20, 1975. p. 4.Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151019072853/http://
www.newspapers.com/image/67860148/?terms=%22vanderbilt%2Buniversity%22%2B%22ku%2Bklux%2Bklan%22)
from the original on 2015-10-19. Retrieved July 15, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
15. Wayne King (November 25, 1975)."David Duke:Cleaning up the Klan's image"(https://news.google.com/newspaper
s?id=JjIMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UF8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4666,22684&dq=david-duke) . St. Petersburg Times via New York
Times. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
16. "Our Campaigns – LA State Senate 10 Race – October 27, 1979"(http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?R
aceID=328064). Ourcampaigns.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120314021803/http://www
.ourcampai
gns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=328064)from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
17. Martin A. Lee. "Southern Poverty Law Center"(http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-is
sues/2003/spring/insatiable?page=0,1). Splcenter.org. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120923120459/htt
p://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2003/spring/insat
iable?page=0,1) from the
original on 2012-09-23. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
18. "Our Campaigns – D Primary Race – February 16, 1988"(http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3
93638). Ourcampaigns.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120412030543/http://www
.ourcampaigns.com/
RaceDetail.html?RaceID=393638)from the original on 2012-04-12. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
19. "Our Campaigns - US President - Pop Convention Race"(http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=2
94226). March 11, 1988. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180813080022/https://www
.ourcampaigns.com/Ra
ceDetail.html?RaceID=294226)from the original on 2018-08-13. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
20. Bridges, Tyler (1994). The rise of David Duke(https://books.google.com/books?id=X2WD3EnAVvEC&pg=PA137).
Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp. 137–.ISBN 978-0-87805-684-2. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
21. D.C. Finegold-Sachs (2005). D.C.'s Political Report.1988 Presidential Candidates(http://www.dcpoliticalreport.com/
members/1988/pres88.htm)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160729125656/http://www .dcpoliticalreport.co
m/members/1988/pres88.htm)2016-07-29 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
22. Zatarain, Michael (July 1990).Michael Zatarain, David Duke: Evolution of a Klansman(https://books.google.com/?id
=CXzQ2VSpyZsC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=John+Treen+of+Louisiana&q=John%20Treen%20of%20Louisiana).
ISBN 978-0-88289-817-9. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
23. "Louisiana State Representative Election, 1989"(http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=328066).
ourcampaigns.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120130112749/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDet
ail.html?RaceID=328066)from the original on 2012-01-30. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
24. "GOP Condemns Duke"Newsday. Long Island, N.Y.: February 25, 1989, pg. 9
25. Douglas D. Rose, The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
Press, 1992), p. iii (ISBN 978-0-8078-4381-9); see also Michael Zatarain,David Duke: Evolution of a Klansman
(Gretna, LA: Pelican, 1990),ISBN 0-88289-817-5, ISBN 978-0-88289-817-9.
26. "Our Campaigns – LA State House 081 – Special Election Runof
f Race – February 18, 1989"(http://www.ourcampai
gns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=328065). Ourcampaigns.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2012031414
1300/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=328065)from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved
May 6, 2012.
27. "Membership of the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812–2008"(https://web.archive.org/web/2010033110482
3/http://house.louisiana.gov/H_PDFdocs/HouseMembers1812_2008.pdf) (PDF). house.louisiana.gov. Archived from
the original (http://house.louisiana.gov/H_PDFdocs/HouseMembers1812_2008.pdf) (PDF) on March 31, 2010.
Retrieved November 8, 2009.
28. Ron Gomez, "David Duke? He's Just Another Freshman",My Name Is Ron And I'm a Recovering Legislator:
Memoirs of a Louisiana State Representative, Lafayette, Louisiana: Zemog Publishing, 2000, pp. 157-164;ISBN 0-
9700156-0-7
29. Gomez, My Name Is Ron And I'm a Recovering Legislator
, pg. 230
30. "Duke welfare bill wins panel favor," Minden Press-Herald, May 9, 1989, pg. 1
31. Gomez, Recovering Legislator, p. 228. Gomez has implied that Duke had a facelift by the time he entered the
legislature.
32. Benton, Joshua (May 1, 1999). "National: David Duke Reverts to Unabashed Racism in Congress run"(http://www.p
ost-gazette.com/headlines/19990501davidduke3.asp) . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Block News Alliance.Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20070929210418/http://www .post-gazette.com/headlines/19990501davidduke3.asp)from
the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved September 1, 2006.
33. Gullixson, Paul (April 12, 1995)."Part 4: Taking on David Duke" (http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/page
4/1995_Apr_12.NOTES12.html). Palo Alto Weekly. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071013161207/http://pa
loaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/page4/1995_Apr_12.NOTES12.html)from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved
September 2, 2006.
34. Ron Gomez, p. 230
35. Gomez, Recovering Legislator, pgs. 231-2
36. Gomez, Recovering Legislator, pg. 231
37. Gomez, Recovering Legislator, pg. 222
38. "Stephen Sabludowsky, "Jindal Has Mighty Duke in Louisiana GOP and Roger Villere" " (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20090701031015/http://www.bayoubuzz.com/News/Louisiana/Politics/Jindal_Has_Mighty_Duke_In_Louisiana_GO
P_and_Roger_Villere__9076.asp). bayoubuzz.com. Archived fromthe original (http://www.bayoubuzz.com/News/Lo
uisiana/Politics/Jindal_Has_Mighty_Duke_In_Louisiana_GOP_and_Roger_V illere__9076.asp) on July 1, 2009.
39. "Duke undecided on Senate race",Minden Press-Herald, November 6, 1989, p. 1
40. "Our Campaigns – LA US Senate Race – October 6, 1990"(http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID
=3516). Ourcampaigns.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120418154244/http://www
.ourcampaigns.com/
RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3516)from the original on 2012-04-18. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
41. "Can Johnston be beaten?",Minden Press-Herald, November 19, 1989, p. 1
42. "Treen: Renounce David Duke's 'garbage'",Minden Press-Herald, December 22, 1989, p. 7A
43. Kevin McGill (October 5, 1990)."Republican quits to help Democrat"(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nwgh
AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gXYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3886,613940&dq=duke+1990+not+endorsed). The Hour. Retrieved
September 7, 2011.
44. "Louisiana Republican Quits, Reducing Duke's Chances".The Washington Post. October 5, 1990.
45. Monteverde, Danny (September 15, 2009)."Elizabeth Rickey, GOP activist" (http://www.nola.com/obituaries/t-p/inde
x.ssf?/base/obits-33/125299209991370.xml&coll=2)
. The Times-Picayune. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
46. Rachman, -Gideon (December 12, 2006)."Iran, David Duke and me"(https://web.archive.org/web/20061213212318/
http://blogs.ft.com/rachmanblog/2006/12/iran_david_duke.html#more) . rachmanblogg on FT.com. Archived from the
original (http://blogs.ft.com/rachmanblog/2006/12/iran_david_duke.html#more)on December 13, 2006. Retrieved
December 13, 2006.
47. Suro, Roberto (November 7, 1991)."The 1991 Election: Louisiana; Bush Denounces Duke As Racist and Charlatan"
(https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/us/the-1991-election-louisiana-bush-denounces-duke-as-racist-and-charlatan.
html). The New York Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090425070100/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/1
1/07/us/the-1991-election-louisiana-bush-denounces-duke-as-racist-and-charlatan.html)
from the original on 2009-
04-25. Retrieved April 19, 2009.
48. "Duke Gets His Comeuppance From the Victims of His Hate Message : Politics: Up until an amazing TV exchange,
Louisiana's blacks had remained on the sidelines. Then they flooded the polls"
(http://articles.latimes.com/1991-11-2
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u-klux-klan-leader-duke/373167)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180825041622/https://www .ceskenoviny.c
z/zpravy/czech-police-arrest-former-ku-klux-klan-leader-duke/373167)2018-08-25 at the Wayback Machine, ČTK,
April 24, 2009.
180. Ex-Louisiana KKK chief arrested in Prague: Police(http://www.canada.com/news/Louisiana+chief+arrested+Prague
+Police/1531723/story.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140717055415/http://www2.canada.com/news/
louisiana+chief+arrested+prague+police/1531723/story .html) July 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Agence
France-Presse (reprinted by Canada.com), April 24, 2009.
181. Former KKK leader ordered to leave Czech Republic(http://www.kansascity.com/659/story/1160519.html),
Associated Press (reprinted by the Kansas City Star), April 24, 2009.
182. Former Ku Klux Klan leader released, must leave Czech Republic(http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/zpravy/former-k
u-klux-klan-leader-released-must-leave-czech-republic/373203)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160106145
213/http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/zpravy/former-ku-klux-klan-leader-released-must-leave-czech-republic/373203)
2016-01-06 at the Wayback Machine, ČTK, April 25, 2009.
183. Scheuflerová, Lenka (April 23, 2009)."Rising extremism and the Roma problem"(http://praguemonitor.com/2009/04/
22/rising-extremism-and-roma-problem). Prague Daily Monitor. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161025181
817/http://praguemonitor.com/2009/04/22/rising-extremism-and-roma-problem)from the original on 2016-10-25.
184. Prague university bans lecture by David Duke(https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2009-04-21-prague-duke_N.ht
m), Associated Press (reprinted by USA Today), April 21, 2009.
185. "Státní zástupkyně zastavila stíhání Duka kvůli knize"(http://www.tyden.cz/rubriky/domaci/rasismus-v-cesku/statni-z
astupkyne-zastavila-stihani-duka-kvuli-knize_140970.html) . Tyden.cz. September 29, 2009.Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20120229132734/http://www .tyden.cz/rubriky/domaci/rasismus-v-cesku/statni-zastupkyne-zastavila-stih
ani-duka-kvuli-knize_140970.html)from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
186. Jucca, Lisa (December 5, 2013)."Italian court moves to expel former Ku Klux Klan leader"(http://uk.reuters.com/arti
cle/2013/12/05/uk-italy-kukluxklan-idUKBRE9B40T120131205) . Reuters. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
1220032014/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/12/05/uk-italy-kukluxklan-idUKBRE9B40T120131205) from the
original on 2013-12-20. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
187. The Rise of David Duke, Tyler Bridges, pg. 80, 1994
188. Kim, T. K. (2005). "Electronic Storm" (http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=551). Intelligence
Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 31, 2006.
189. @DrDavidDuke (February 16, 2017)."I lived in Russia for five years. While there, my book Jewish Supremacism
was a best seller and sold in the Duma book store"(https://twitter.com/DrDavidDuke/status/832366195819044870)
(Tweet) – via Twitter.
190. Pagones, Sara. "St. Tammany GOP leaders denounce DavidDuke candidacy" (https://www.theadvocate.com/new_o
rleans/news/communities/st_tammany/article_ce04c12e-582a-11e6-b68d-63496b60e53c.html) . The New Orleans
Advocate. The Advocate. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
191. Utichi, Joe (May 16, 2018)."The Renaissance Of Topher Grace: Two Movies In Cannes & A Feted Turn As David
Duke In 'BlacKkKlansman' – Cannes Studio"(https://deadline.com/2018/05/topher-grace-interview-blackkklansman-
under-the-silver-lake-cannes-1202391763/). Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
Bibliography
Bridges, Tyler (1995) The Rise of David Duke. Mississippi University Press.ISBN 0-87805-678-5
Rose, Douglas D. (1992)The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race . University of North Carolina Press.
McQuaid, John (April 13, 2003) "Ex-Klan Leader Is Popular in Europe, Mideast, Even as He Heads to Jail Here",
New Orleans Times-Picayune
Vierling, Alfred: Interview, Interview
Zatarain, Michael (1990)David Duke: Evolution of a Klansman. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1990.ISBN 0-
88289-817-5
Further reading
Swain, Carol M.; Nieli, Russel (2003). Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism inAmerica. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81673-1.
External links
Official website
YouTube channel
Filmography
David Duke on IMDb

Appearances on C-SPAN
Party political offices
Populist nominee for President of
Preceded by Succeeded by
the United States
Bob Richards Bo Gritz
1988
Republican nominee for U.S.
Preceded by Senator from Louisiana Succeeded by
Robert M. Ross (Class 2) Woody Jenkins
1990
Republican nominee for Governor
Preceded by Succeeded by
of Louisiana
Buddy Roemer Mike Foster
1991
Louisiana House of Representatives

Member of the Louisiana House of
Preceded by Representatives Succeeded by
Chuck Cusimano from the 81st district David Vitter
1989–1992
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Duke&oldid=880843420

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David Duke

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David Duke

A former Republican Louisiana State Representative, Duke was a candidate in the

Contents Succeeded by Don Black

1972 arrest in New Orleans

Political and ideological activities

1988 presidential campaign

1989: Successful run in special election for Louisiana House seat

1990 campaign for U.S. Senate

1991 campaign for Governor of Louisiana

1992 Republican Party presidential candidate

1996 campaign for U.S. Senate

1999 campaign for U.S. House

New Orleans Protocol

1. Zero tolerance for violence.

Later political activity

2016 campaign for U.S. Senate

Knights of the Ku Klux Klan

British National Party

Public address in Syria

Comments in the media

Criticism, legal difficulties, and felony conviction

Tax fraud conviction and defrauding followers

2009 arrest in the Czech Republic

2013 expulsion from Italy; Schengen Area ban

David Duke on IMDb

Louisiana House of Representatives

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Duke&oldid=880843420

This page was last edited on 29 January 2019, at 20:35(UTC).

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