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Chap​-​01 ​- Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Formulae Chart

1. TK9 = T("C) + ​27​3.15

2. T​('F) T(C)+32
Mass of an atom of the element ​3​. Relative
atomic mass
Mass of an atom of carbon (C-12)
Wig) ​4. Number of gram atoms = AV (​GA​M gram atomic mass)

W(9) ​Number of gram mol​ecules =

Gram molecular mass ​6. A​vogadro's No. N = 6.022 x 10
GAM ​7. ​Mass of 1
atom of element =

GMM ​8. ​Mass of 1

molecule of substance ==
(MM
Molar mass)
NA

W(9) NA ​9. ​Number of

molecules in Wig) of substance =>
GMM

10. Number of molecules in Vlitre of gas al S.L.P. ​-

VNA ​2​2.4

* 100

- 100
11. Number of molecules in n moles of substance = n​*​N
Mass of that element in 1 mole of the compound 12.
M​ass % of an element in a compound -
 Molar mass of the compound ​13.
Mass percent Ma​s​s of solute
Mass of solution
No. of moles of A ​1​4. ​M​ole fraction
of A ==
No. of moles of solution
- ​No. of moles of solute ​15. Molanity ​) -​
Volume of solution in litres
- molel ​16. Dilution
formula : M.V. - M.V,
For mixing two solutions of the same substance
M.V, + M.V. = M (V, V.) ​Molarity can be directly
calculated from % by mass (
WW) i​f density is known
Molarity - %x10x​d
GMM

N​o. of moles of solute ​17. Molality (m) =

M​ass of solvent in kg ​18. ​M​olecular
mass = 2 x vapour density ​10 ​Xg molality x
MA
. ​1-X 1000 where M - mass of solvent

Cha​p​-02 - S​tructure of Atom

Fo​rmulae Char​t

1.
Atomic number (Z) = Number of protons in the nudeus of an atom
= Number of electrons in a neutral atom ​Mass number (A) =
Number of protons + Number of neutrons ​Number of neutrons = ​A ​- Z ​S​poe​d
of light is equal to the product of frequency and wavelength of light
3​. ​4.
5.
Energy of quantum of radiation according to Planck's quantum theory E-hv.

6.
hy = hvo+am
Einstein's photoelectric equation

7.
Line s​pectrum of hydrogen

V = 1096​771 c​ m' where y is wave number and

= ​where n = 1. 2....​..
, = n + 1, n + 2, ​...a ​Bohr's model of
hydrogen atom

(a) Frequency of radiation absorbed or emitted during

transition: y =

v=​E, -E,
E, - Energy of lower energy state E, -
Energy of higher energy state

(b) Orbit angula​r momentum ​of an electron m vranan-1.2.3.....

(c) Energy of stationary states E. - 2.18x10

(d) Racii of the stationary states/orbits

= 52.9x

9.
E​nergy gap between the two orbits

AE =RH
where R = 2.18 *
 10-14
Where, n = initial orbit

1, = final orbit

10. Wavelength of matter wave

hh
2.
where E = Kiontic Energy
V​2Em where E

11​. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

*** Ap 2
axxmavz​u
12. Number of subshells in nth shell = n

Number of orbitals in the shell = ?

Number of electrons in the shell = 2n12

Number of orbitals in subsheli = 21 + 1

Number of electrons in subshell = 2(21 + 1)

13. Total number of nodes = n - 1

Radial nodes = ​-1-1

Angular nodes = 1

Chap-03 - State of Matter

Formulae Chart

1​.
Boyle's Law :P,V, = P,V, (at constant T and n)

2​. Charles Law

(at constant P and n)
3.
A​vogadro's Law ​: V = kn (at constant P and T)

4. I​d​eal gas equation : PV = nRT

M​ORT

5​. C​ombined Gas

Equation ​:
;(n
constant)
Т. Т. Dalton's Law of partial
pressures : P
6.
=P
+P
+P
+ ...

7.
Partial Pressure i​n Terms of Mole Fraction : P EXP

8. van der Waals Equation :

(pular (v=nb) =nRT
 9. Compressibility factor ZEY (for 1
mole of Gas)

Ch​ap​-04 - Thermodynamics

Formulae Chart

•
heat exchange at constant volume ​heat exchange at constant pressure
Energy changes
9 ​AU ​= ​4. AH = 4 4
Enthalpy

H = U + PV ​Relation between AH and

AU

SH = AU ​+ ​PAV ​of AH = AU
+ An RT

Heat capacity
specific heat capac​i​ty
=

molar heat capacity

Co-met ​First law of thermodynamics
AU = q + W ​Enthalpy of reaction
AH = SAH" (products) - AH (reactants) By convention heat of formation of every element in
its standard state is arbitrarily assumed t​o ​be zero.
 Ho = AH* + 4H ​C – CER
AS = 4e ​AG = AH –
TAS AG* = -RT In K
Atomicity
Cv

Monoatomic
5/​3
SR/2
3R2

Diatomic
775
5R/2
7R2 ​4R
Triatomic non linear
4​/ ​3
3R

0
0
0

Chap-05 - Equilibrium

Formulae Chart

1​. Equilibrium constant, Keq =

2​. K = K (RT)

3. Concentration quotient, Q =
0 ​CDI
[AP[B1 ​4​. ​A​G* =
-2.303 RT logk

5.
B = A ​14​B 1
[AB] ​6. ​K ​= [H [OH-] = 10-14 at
2​5°​C ​7. pH = -log[H] ​8. PK = pH ​+
POH = 14 at 25°C
9​. ​K. ​IA TH01
[HA]

K
18 OH)
[BOH)

10. ​Kork, ​= ​0 ​11. K=KK ​12.

Hydrolysis of salts
F​or a salt of strong acid and weak base

pH =
K - pk-​logo
(i) For a salt of weak acid and strong baso

PHPK + p​k, + ​loge]

(ii) For salts of weak acid and weak base

PHPK + P​K - ​PK)

13. ​K. ​– [AY*)" (B-"y

Chap-06 - Solid State

 Formulae Chart

1. Packing ​Fraction (p.f.) =

Volume occupied by particles (per unit cell)
Volume of unit cell

Contribution of each atom present on the

comer
Contribution of each atom present on the centre of face =
Contribution of each atom present on the body centre = 1
NA

Contribution of each atom present on the edge centre -

Crystal
Radius of atom(r)
No. of atoms per unit cell
p.f.

Simple Cubic
5​2.4%

F.​C​.C.

B.C.C.
66%

3. ​Density of Cubic Crystal Systems

​ ax N 9.C
por ​c) =
(Z = number of atoms per unit cell ​NA -
Avogadro's Number ​M=Gram atomic weight
of ​elem​ent ​a = ​e​dge - length
​ ​. 9 cm
*N
5.
 Radius-ratio in ionic solids

Voids
Triangular
Tetrahedral
Octahedral
Cubical
Radius ratio

0.155
<0.​22​5 0.​225
​ 32
<0.414 04145 ​<0.7
0.73​ 2
<0.999

Chap-​0​7 - Solutions

Formulae Chart

1​.
Number of moles of solute ​Molality (m) -
Weight of solvent (kg) mole ​/ ​kg

Number of moles of solute ​Molarity(M) =

Volume of so​lution (L)
mole /
 Normality (N)=
Number of gram equivalent of solute
Volume of solution (L)
g equiv/L

Number of gram formula mass Formality (F)= !

Volume of solution (L) ​PPM = mole fraction ®
10% = mass fraction X 10 ​2​. Henry's law

(p= partial pressure of gas in vapour phase ​p=K​.X K. =

Henry's law constant
X = Molo fraction of gas

3. P ​= P2XA+POXl.
* ​Rao​ult's Law = (PR-PXg+PÅ

where Y and Y, are mole fractions in vapour phase and P =P X:P​.

= PE​X

6​. Relative lowering of vapour pressure

P
-​P
-= ​Lo
P​e
a = mole fraction of solute)

7​. Osmoti​c pressure

A ​= ​CRT
​ . E​levation o​f
For isotonic solution, ​, ​- ry 8
boiling point ​AT. = Km
R​T MRT ​* 100​0 ​- 1000 AH
where m = molality.

M = molecular mass of sovlent

 9. ​Depression in freezing point
AT, = kxm

K
=
R​T3 MRT
1000 L 1000 AH ​10. van't Hoff
factor
Experimental colligative property (observed)
Calculated (normal) colligative property ​P.​-​P. (ix ) P
ixn)+n ​AT = I x K xm A
​ T, - ik *m
* = CRT ​11. ​A​ssociation of solute

NA (A),

​ degree of association)
{​a =
1

12. Di​s​sociation of solute

​ ), A
(A
1+ (n-1)
(c = degree of dissociation)

10

Chap-08 - Electroche​m​istry

Formulae Chart

1.
Ohm's la​w
=
V = RI
 V = Potential difference ​R = Resistance I = Current ​p =
Specific resistance (resistivity) ​Ca= length and
cross-section area of conductor

2. ​Conductance Ga
Specific conductance
(conductivity​) * =
3.
Cell ​constant ​o = =

X ​= ​G.O

4. ​Molar conductance A​u co​rde) - 1000K ​(​C ​= ​concentration of

electrolyte in terms of molarity)

5.
Equival​ent conductance ​Au (ore)==
1000 x
​ or N) ​AM
(C = concentration (normality) ​amcem e​l c =A*
(n-factor) ​Ag = lime ​{ = equivalent conductance at infinite dilution (or zero concentration)

6.
F​or weak electrolyte. Me

{B = constant)
7​.
For strong electrolyte​, Ac = Ag - ​B(C)2 ​At infinite
dilution, for an electrolyte AB ​AB = x* + yE

Ne. -x
+​ying
 03.28 - equivalent conductance at infinite dilution of
cation and anion)
= 22​° ​+2​°
t​u = lonic mobility. K = 96500 coulomb)

Ionic velocity ​Potential gradient

11

8. ​F​or a weak electrolyte. (CH2COOH = CH.000- + H")

Degree of dissociation, a =
ke​1
1-(AIA)

9. F​or solubility of a salt (Agci = Ag* + CI)

Kv - 1000K
1​0. F​or a cell reaction in an electrochemical cell,

Zn + Cuso, = Cu + ZnSO,

Cell re​presentatio​n = ZnZn2(aq)Cu(aq) Cu

An​ode ​(-) ​Cathode()

11. For half cell rea​c​tion M

M
*(aq) + nel: Eox = Eur

M
(aq)+ne
M: E
=Ew

emf of cell, E = ECHER

$5​9
 (​R.P. = Reduction potential)
vo​de
(RP.
(RP)

​ ​= ​- F​E
12. ​AG
= ​-​W

= ​AGR + 2.303 RT log Q ​AGR =-

FERI
AG = Change in free energy ​W = Useful work
done ​in ​= ​Number of electrons exchanged F
​ =
Faraday constant (96500 coulomb) ​Q =
R​e​action quotient

Eesti E - 2.303 RT
logo
OF
At room temperature (25°C)

→
Nernst's equatio​n > E
E
0.0591
ve l​ogQ

1​3. ​F​or electrode concentration ce​ll

(PtH P
H|HP).PL)

(P = Pressure)

For electroly​te concentratio​n cell (Cu[Cu(C)Cu? (C)Cu)

node()

En -0.059109
For concentration ​cells, E ​1​4​.
At equilibrium, E = 0
O ​(as AG = 0)
 15. Temperature coef​ficient
(T.C.) - GE!

12

(AH = heat of cell-reaction)

Change in entropy. AS = + F * (T.​C​.)

E = (**) + TCTC)
T​.C.> 0 Cell-reaction is endothermic and vice-versa. ​16.
Faraday's 19t la​w of electrolysis
m - Zit m = mass of substance deposited ​Z =
electrochemical equivalent i = current t = time
A​l​om
Atomic mass
nxF ​Faraday's 2nd ​law of electrolysis
m, ​E​.
(E = equivalent weight) ​my Ez ​1​7.
Oxidation potentia​l for half-cell reaction : M M + ne
2.303, ​E =
log​i
nF Reduction potent​ial for half-cell reaction : Mt + ne" - M
2.​303 ​R​T
Ero​g E
-log[M
]

13

Chap-09- Chemical Kinetics and Nuclear Chemisty

Formulae Chart
1.
F​or a general chemical transformation ​nA + mB PC ​+ ​D
Rate--10A)-​1​dB] 1qc] 10D
n​dtmdt ​Pdtq ​dt ​F​or elementry chemdal
reaction mA + n​B ​products
2.

Theoretical rate =
= K[APX [B]
dt

3​.
For a general reaction;
aA + b​B
Products

Rate
* -KAT" <[BT
Order of reaction wrtA = m overall order of reaction = (m + n) ​Order of
reaction wrt B=n Unit of rate constant = (mole) (litrey-1 timer! ​where, n =
order of reaction ​F​or a zero order reaction:
AB
5​.

(Al-[A]
ata!
dt

6.
Rate = = K[AP =k (constant)
K

F​or a first order reac​t​ion:

A B ​Rate = -d[A] ​KA
Ratedt

K-2.303,090 PAL -
2.303.09.06
 )
AL
7.​
For a zero order reacti​on​, t12 =

For a first order reaction, t.

0.893 ​==

For an
order reaction, u2
(A
-1 (forn
2)

8.
F​or a parallel reaction

FA) = (ky +
kMAJ
9
F​or a first order reaction:
A
B
+ C, ​a reagent reacts with all A, B and C

k = 2.303
10910
-
rv = vol. of
reagent}
1​4

K​T​10 C
10. Temperature coefficient = =

Arrhenius equation, kAe . RT

109. min
12.032
(A = Arrhenius'​s constant

E
= Activation energy
Eo

logik = 10910 A

12. Binding energy. B.E. = Am x 931.5 Mev

Am = mass defect = calculated At. mass - observed At. mass

BE. (total) ​B.E. per nucleon -

m​ade
mass number ​1 MeV = 9.6 x 10
Joule mot

x 104
Isotopic atomic mass-mass no. ​13. Packing fraction,
P.F. =
mass numer ​14. In a
radioactive decay, N = Nge
Amount of radioactive substance after 'n half-life periods

15. ​A​ctivity. A = Age-

A=XN

15
 Chap-10 - Surface Chemistry

Formulae Chart

1.
Freundlich Adsor​ption Isotherem

K​p : ​n1

2.
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm

1+ KP

XaP
or ​m 1+bP​X
m ​=
=
1 ​b
= ​apa

3​.
KC ​al. ​c = ​Concentration of solute
in solution.
4 Ant
4.
Zeta potential. ​Z​=

16

Chap-11 - Hydrogen
 Formulae Chart

1. At. w. o​f H​% Hx1+%H​x2+% ​HX3

100

2.
molar massofgas ​V​apour density of
a gas =
molar mass of H2

LHS and RHS both are unitless ​Molecular wt. = 2 x

(V.D.) ​V​ol. Stre​n​gth of 1,0, = Molarity x
11.2
= Normality x 5.6
4.

Chap​-​12 ​- S-Block Elements

Formulae Chart

1​.
General Electronic Configuration ns 1-2 ​Atomic Radii increases
down the group ​Hydration enthalpy decreases down the group
lonisation enthalpy decreases down the group ​On reaction with
oxygen give oxide, peroxide and superoxides. ​On reaction with water
produces hydroxide and hygrogen ​S​ome important compounds
and their general names
6. ​7.

Name
 Che​mical Formula
Prepared by

Caustic Soda
NaOH
Electrolysis in costner kellner cell

Washing Soda
Na Co,.10H,O
Solvay's Process

Baking S​o​da
NaHCO,
Solvay's Process

Glauber's Salt
NaCl + H SO,

Microcosmic salt
Na SO, 10H,O ​Na(NH.)
HPO, ​Koo
NH,CI + Na HPO.
Potash or Pearl Ash
Leblanc Process

Caustic Potash
KOH
El​e​ctrolysis of Kai
Decomposition of Caco,
Quick Lime

Slaked lime
Ca(OH)
Hydrolysis of Cao

ty
ps
im
Cašo,2H,0
Cači, H.S​O,

Plaster of Paris
Caso. XHO
 by heating gypsum

18

Chap-13 - P-Block Elements

Formulae Chart

1.
​ ctropositive character, atomic radii, basic character, reducing ​character
In general metallic character, e​le
decreases on moving left to right in a penod and increases down the group. ​Some important
compounds of p-block elements ​Borax (Tincal)
Na,3.0, 101,0 ​Colomonite
Ca.B.0, 54,0 ​Kemnite
Na,3.0, 41,0 ​Sassolite or boric
acid H,80, ​Diborane
B.HS ​Borazole
B,N,H. ​Alumina
ALO ​Lithium aluminium
hydride LAIH, ​Potash Alum
K_SO, AI (SO.), 24H,0

Ch​ap​-​14 - ​Coordination Compound

Formulae Chart
 1. Magnetic moment. = n(n+2) BM

2. 46(CF88)-[(*
*:)*(1640]09 3.
A/CF8€)=
[(***)*(**))" ​4. 4​ - No
[MLI
5. For the reaction: M+4​L ​—
ML, ​o​verall stability constant of complex (ML.) is B. =
(M][L]*

EAN (​ ಫl me La nuin
Z-​O​N+ 2(CN)

20

Chap-15_Organic Chemistry

Formulae Chart

Relations for the estimation of elements in organic compounds.

12 Mass of Co, formed ​% of C= 44

Mass of the compound
he co​mpo​ung ​* ​10​0
 2 M​ass of H.O formed ​% of HEX
* 100 ​1​8 M​ass of the compound

% of
N​A
28 ​D
= 22400
Volume of N, a​t ​NTP ​Mass of
compound
* 10​0

IN
1.​4 x ​Normality of acid used Volume of acid used
Mass of the compound

At mass of X Mass of A​g​x formed ​% of X(Halogens) = (108 + At mass

of X] Mass of the compound * 100

3​2 M​ass of Baso, formed ​% of ​SE

233 Mass of the compound
X
1

c​om​poun​d*1​0​0

6​2 ​Mass of Mg,P,0,formed ​% of P = 399

22​2 M​ass of the compound

and * 100
1.
Inductive effect

(+1 effect) CH, ​C​H, CH, R CH <R,C <-O-R ​(- efffect) R.N> NO, > -CN ​>
SO,H > COOH > -​F > ​CI > 1​> OR > -O​H > -NH​, > - CH,

Relative basic strength in aqueous medium.

R=CH, 2 ​>1>​3* > NH, ​R ​= ​CH. 2 >3 >10

> NH, Hit CH | 1** NH*2**3* ​MC ​NH, > 1*
*​3​*21*
 Mec)
Stability of free radical ​

Mochy Mecha ​Heat of

hydrogentation of alkenes
4​.
1-butene > ​dis-2​-butene > tr​ans​-2-butene

5.
Leaving nature in, Nucleophilic substitution reaction ​A​S0. ^ ROC0
CHCC0 - CN" > DTH > MEO > H > R ​Number of product formed
during crossed aldol condensation
6.

S.No. Carbonyl Compound

Carbonyl Compound
Self Condensation Cross
Condensation
Product
Product
Total ​Product
One type of similar a One type of similar ​H-atom o
H-atomis
CH=CH-CH​O ​C​H, ​C​= H ​Two different types
of One type of emila d​ inlar Halom H-atoms ​Сң – сохнен
CH -CH-CHO
Two different types ​o​f ​dissimilar a H-atoms ​CH
=CH-CH,
Two different types of d ​ issimilara H-atom ​PACH, ​-CO-C​H CH

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