ccccccc


c
 c cccc
cc
c
c c

 c c
c

c
c
‡ Kerlinger - the systematic, empirical, controlled and critical investigation of a hypothetical
proposition in relation to a natural phenomena/ problem
‡ Conducted to affirm or deny a hypothesis

.
‡ everyday phenomenon that affects the nurse (eg. bacteria, drugs, physician)

Phenomenon + hypothesis = research problem

Ŀ>(educated guess/scientific/ tentative answer)
Without hypothesis there is no research problem, only a problem


c

cccc
c
c
c

‡ cc
‡ conduct research in a step by step process or procedure
‡ 
 cc
‡ objective data should be observable/measurable or readily collected using your
senses
‡ 
 c cc
‡ Methods/tool of controlling is research design
‡ 
 c cc c
‡ In order to answer the data is by using facts.
‡ Looking for human beings who can give us facts

cc
cc
c
c!""#c

‡ "
 c
‡ observe, describe and record
‡ gain richer familiarity regarding the phenomena
‡ 100% known to RN
‡ $ 

cc
‡ Explore to those areas that are unknown
‡ Observe more
‡ 50%-50% (50%known to nurses and 50% unknown to the nurses
‡ $
 cc
‡ Active intervention, active manipulation
‡ Want to find out cause & effect
‡ Done something before observing results
‡ "   c
‡ To improve the system of care for the your patient.
‡ Develop and improve existing system
˜



   




 


 c

2





‡ cÎ c%& cÎ conductive research for a good purpose or object for your pt
‡ cÎ 
cc. Do not conduct data/experiment w/o a consent (legally
the patient owns the chart. However the hospital owns the chart)
 ‡ OcÎ O
 Î worked hard on the research
‡ cÎc' & cÎ acknowledging works or contribution of others
‡ cÎc&  Î protect the rights of your subjects
‡ ccc&c

‡ (physical, mental, moral harm) usually done during experimental research
‡  c(
c c- undeliberate physical harm
‡  Î done outside the standard practice of nursing (eg.
urinary catheter placed on the nose of the pt)
‡ % Î from the very start, you did not do something about it.
‡ 
 c(
c
‡
  Î mental fear/threat without physical harm
‡ )
 Î physically you harm the pt
‡ Restraint is never an independent nursing order
‡ physical restraint Î eg. Jacket
‡ chemical restraint Î eg. use of psychotropic drug
‡ 
 c
c
‡  
Î oral defamation
‡ & Î published or placed in the newspaper
‡ cc *

‡ cc
 c
‡
 Î identity of subject may not be disclosed. Privacy of the
Informant (pt) eg. conduct a study on HIV pt. but the pt wants his name to
be written in the newspaper as Mr. X, Mr. Y or Mr. W
‡   Î information acquired must be disclosed. Privacy of the
information eg. conduct a study on HIV pt. but the pt wants the nurse
should only know
‡ +cÎ +
  Î put only the data you have collected
‡ cOcÎ O
 Î importance to the nursing profession
‡ c,cÎ ,  cÎ facts or data
‡ cOcÎ O (follow the 11 steps of research)
‡ cÎ 

c
cc
c
c
c
‡ O
 cc

c
‡ 
& c- anything that requires solution thru scientific investigation.
‡ Sources of problem :
‡ cÎ concepts (Ca, PTB, MI)
‡ cÎ literature, essays, books, journals
‡ cOcÎ Issues
‡  Î experience
‡  Î Nursing problems
‡ + Î theories

‡ Characteristics of a research problem

‡ cÎ general applicability and use
‡  Î Researchable
‡ , Î Feasible and measurable
‡ ,c-cactors of a feasible research :
‡ time, money, experience of the researcher, instruments,
population
‡ cO Î importance to nursing profession
 ‡  Î novelty/originality
‡ lagiarism/illegal replication Î unauthorized use of another¶s
literary work without any consent or permission
‡ c Î significance to nursing
‡ .ccc

c
cc c
‡ &
c

c
‡ only the research benefits the research
‡ It is only for your personal necessity
‡ Answers your own question
‡
 c

c
‡ problem solving
‡ Solving the problems of the patient.
‡ /
& cÎ subject to change
‡ 0cc 
& c
‡ Oc 
& c
‡ use this to stimulate a target population
‡ "c 
&   c 
& c
‡ results of the effects of the study
‡ O
c/
& c
‡ Comes between dependent and independent
‡ Example: orghanism variable, internal factor, sex, gender,
color
‡ $
 c/
& c
‡ External infuences that can be changed
‡ Example: citizenship, educational status
‡ " c/
& c
‡ 2 choices/ 2 results
‡ Example: Male/ Female
‡   c/
& c
‡ Multiple choices
‡ Example: Preferred foods Î Chinese, Japanese, American.
....
Examples
³A comparative Study in the Income of Filipino Nurses
Employed in P.G.H. and N.Y.G.H.´

Independent variable : PGH and NYGH (place of work)

Target population : Filipino nurses
Dependent variable : income


1c
‡ Identify the Problem
‡ Purpose Î objective using SMART (Systematic, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time
Bounded)
‡ Define Terms
‡ Conceptual Definition Î dictionary definition
‡ Operational Definition Î defined in accordance on how the researcher used the
word
‡ Revision of Terms
‡  2cc
 c 

c
‡
c1c
‡ to have an update regarding your topic
‡ to have a basis of theoretical and conceptual framework
‡ Main sources of literatures
‡ Conceptual
‡ Formulated
‡ Authors
‡ Can be sold
‡ Books Î general use
‡ Research
‡ Researcher
‡ Research works only
‡ Future research purpose only
‡ ,
 cc  cc
 c
2
3c
‡ Thery Î relationship between concepts
‡ Conceptual framework
‡ diagrammatic and structural presentation of the problem hypothesis
‡ Paradigm
‡ actual structural presentation of your conceptual framework
‡ ,
 cc
‡ 4cccc
‡   cc
‡ shows no relationship or difference between an independent
variable and dependent variable.
‡ ID = DV
‡ Eg. ³There is no difference regarding professional opportunities of
Filipino Nurses working in the Philippines from those working in
USA.´
‡  %
 c

 ccc
‡ this shows relationship between a single independent variable
from single dependent variable.
‡ Eg. ³Filipinos Nurses working in USA has more professional
opportunities than those working in the Philippines.
‡  $cc
‡ this shows a relationship between two or more independent
variable from two or more dependent variable.
‡ Eg. ³Filipino nurses who worked for 5yrs and passed the CGFNS,
TORFL, TSE, NCLEX has greater opportunities in NY as
compared to those in Manila
‡ "
 cc
‡ specifies the direction of the relationship between variables
‡ Eg. ³Filipino Nurses working in the USA has more professional
opportunities than those working in the Phils.´
‡ *
 c
‡ only predicts the relationship, but has no specific direction
between variables.
‡ Eg. ³There is a big difference between a Filipino Nurses working in
USA than those working in the Phils.´
‡  c

cc
‡ Systematic controlled plan for finding the answer to a problem
‡ Roadmap, blueprint of the study
‡ Should have a proper resign design
‡ If improper research design, there will be improper collection of data
‡
 : key or tool for proper collection of data
‡ +c
‡

cc
 cc
‡ )c
c
‡ For personal knowledge, curiosity
‡
 c
‡ Based on problem solving approach
‡

ccc
‡ $
 cc
‡ performing active manipulation, observe and record the
result.
‡ +cc$
 cc
‡ 
 cc
‡ divide grp into 2.
‡ Group a Î control/comparison grp Î will use
the same soap everyday
‡ Group b Î experimental grp Î those who will
use the sample soap
‡
5cc
‡ using sample by chance.
‡ Choose randomly to avoid redundancy of
result
‡  c
‡ Performing intervention
‡ / c
‡ comparison of the effects
‡ 6 *$
 c
‡ false experiment.
‡ No control sample.
‡ *$
 cc
‡ No manipulation is done. Only observation, describe and
record down the result.
‡ +cc*$
 c

cc&cc
c c
‡ 
 c7$c c,8
‡ Getting actual experience
‡ Studies a group of people after its
occurrence, experience or facts.
‡ Experience of people in the past
‡ "
 c
‡ Observe, describe & record.
‡ Study of current events.
‡
 
‡ Study of research about future occurrence
or future events.c
‡ (
 c
 ‡ Past that is written, documented, published
and recorded
‡

c"c
‡ Observe
‡ 1st hand information
‡ person himself
‡ 
c"c
‡ 2nd Hand Information
‡ About the past using records, journals,
books.
‡ Study of the dead people thru his written
materials, facts
‡ 
cccc
‡ '  c
‡ data base on numerical interpretation, datas
that are measurable, using your senses,
data that are observable.
‡ '   cc
‡ subjective data, feelings, perception, beliefs,
culture, attitude
‡ 
c
c"c
‡ Group
‡ Small
‡ Face to face
‡ Large Î not good result
‡ Methods
‡ Mailed survey
‡ Face to face
‡ Telephone survey
‡

cc+c%
c
‡ 
c c
‡ Applicable to 2 or more identical group
‡ Short term
‡ For comparison
‡   c
‡ 1 group only
‡ with initial and follow up survey
‡ long term study
‡ for developmental study
‡  c
c cc c
‡  cc
‡ part of population, data is collected.
‡ The recipient of the experimental treatment in experimental design or the
individuals to be observed in a non-experimental design
‡ +cc c
‡
&&  - equal presentation/ chances in the population.
‡  c
c' c
‡ Used a single/identical group.
‡ Fish bowl technique
‡ 
c
c cc
 ‡ You will first going to create a sub population from the
whole population before doing randomization.
‡ One population, you divide it.
‡  
c
c c
‡ You will first create a sub area in a population before doing
the randomization. In one population, you make it smaller
‡ c
c c
‡ choosing a sample every nth name in the population.
‡ Multiple of 100 names
‡  c
 Î list of names appearing as your
population
‡ *
&& c  Î you are not choosing by chance.
‡
 c c cc
‡ Base on the accessibility/availability of your sample.
‡ Kung sino pinakamalapit syo, yun ang kukunin mo.
‡
   c cc
‡ base on the common knowledge or popular knowledge.
‡ 2*& c c
‡ get sampling base on last referral
‡ 6 c c
‡ Setting criteria and getting samples fitting the criteria
‡  c c c
‡  ccc
‡ types :
‡ questionnaires Î use of pen and paper method
‡ dichotomous Î divided into two. Eg. true orfalse. Yes or no
‡ rating scale Î poor 1, good 2, better 3, best 4
‡ multiple choice
‡ Interview Î use of oral method of collection of data. Use of active listening
‡ Structured Î with checklist, formal talk, list of question
‡ Unstructured Î informal talk, no pattern, anything goes
‡ records Î pre existing data
‡ observation Î use of ocular method using your senses
‡ participant observation
‡ non-participant observation
‡ Problems :
‡ Hawthorne¶s effects
‡ The data you get from your sample is not accurate.
‡ The sample has a problem
‡ Solution : double blind research Î they should not
be conscious that they are being studied
‡ Halo effect
‡ The researcher has a problem.
‡ He is manipulating the data collection.
‡ It is affected by special feelings/treatment between
the researcher and the sample.
‡
 cc"cc
‡ part of research when the researcher is forming a body of knowledge out of data
collected for the purpose of affirming or denying your hypothesis
‡ c
‡  ccc
 ‡ get data by means of categories.
‡ eg. male, female, income
‡ %
 ccÎ base on rank eg. mild, moderate, severe
‡ O
 cc
‡ base on the distance between 2 numerical values
‡ eg. BP Î 150/100 Î 120/80, wt, circumference, ht
‡
 Î 3:10 children are malnourish
‡ O

cc"c
‡ .cc
‡ '  c Î base on numerical or graphical standards
‡ '   c Î use of narrative words
‡  c
c cc
‡ Explaining the results of your work to the public
‡ Conclusion Î final answer to your research
‡ Recommendation Î suggestion to others
‡ Dissemination of Information
‡ Methods :
‡ thesis/book Î written form
‡ symposia/symposium Î oral presentation
‡ publish Î a lot will be able to read your research
c
c

 c


c
cc
‡ style or process whereby a person is called by a nurse leader were influence of group of
people called his followers for the purpose of attaining only one goal/objective.

 c
c c
c

‡ 9cc Î one group given by one leader
‡ 9cc"
 Î one group should always have one objective
‡  &
cc
c
 cc
c
 c
 Î patient first policy
‡  Î rescue your patient
‡
cÎ alert the fire alarm
‡  Î confine the fire in one area
‡  Î extinguisher application
‡ sprit d¶ corp/team spirit - Fault of one is the fault of all
‡ c 

c
& c
‡ let the master or the superior answer for the negligence of his subordinates in
half of his patient who suffer from injury or death.
‡ you can delegate responsibility but not the accountability

+
cc
c
c

‡ 
*c
 Î born as a leader
‡ +
c
 Î develop characteristics or born with the characteristics
‡ :c
ccc 
c
‡ cÎ 
  (adaptability, independence, creative/assertive,
advocate) ability to adjust to the need of the pt
 ‡ OcÎ  e (proper judgment, proper decision making, proper
communication)
‡
cÎ &  Î (influence others, respect others, participate and cooperate)
Proper way to influence is thru health teaching
‡ 
c
 Î becomes a leader because of the charm
‡   c
ccc&cc
‡ a person can be a leader in one situation but only a follower in another situation.
(eg. becomes a leader in where he specializes)


c c

‡ Authocratic/Authoritarian/dictatorial/´hard´ leader
‡ unilateral style of leadership. Only the leader here performs the decision making
without getting the inputs from his members.
‡ One sided style of leadership Behavior :

c-cc-c cc

)c-c)
 cc
c-cc
"c-c"c
c-c$  c& 
c
,c-c
 c& 
, to coerce or compel the group to follow him
‡ not a good style of leadership but only best style during emergency or intensive
crisis
‡ 
 c 
* &
 c 5c
c
*
cc
‡ Loose style of nursing leadership.
‡ Giving excess freedom or liberality towards your subordinates if to lenient in your
subordinates, there will be Ļ control and power = Ĺ negligence
‡ "

 c
‡ best style of leadership. Mutual style of nursing leadership

4c 2
cccc
c

‡ c,
 c$  c 2
c
‡ Exercise because you are appointed to a higher position
‡ $
c 2
c
‡ You acquire extra Î ordinary skills, talent or ability
‡ 
c 2
c
‡ Charisma and charm
‡ 2
c 2
c
‡ + power for the part of the leader
‡ gives rewards, bonus, promotion, compensation
‡ 
 c 2
c
‡ Î power on the part of the leader
‡ reprimand, suspend, terminate

);c3 c'  cc& c

‡
c-c


‡ basis of the leader to delegate tasks, responsibilities, jobs to be performed by his
subordinates
‡ .ccc 
c
‡ 
 5 Î top to bottom for proper management
‡ "
 5 Î Bottom, to manage directly
‡ )c-c) 

 ‡ cÎ specialized body of knowledge and skills to do safe care
‡ cÎ patient centered
‡
cÎ accountability Î liable for the results of your actions
‡ cÎ confidentiality Î nurse-patient relationship
‡ Exceptions to confidentiality of the contract :
‡ cÎ patient consent, if there is
‡ OcÎ inform/report to healthcare team for purpose of precautionary
measures
‡ cÎ Communicable disease
‡ 
c:4<:cLaw on Notifiable Disease
‡ 24 Î Polio/ Measle
‡ 1 Week Î SAD/ HIV/Tetanus Neonaturom
‡ c-cCrimes
‡ Child Abuse 48 hours, Baranggay, NGO
‡ cÎ ethics

IV THERAPIST: Old RN, Training, 50 Insertion, ANSAP

New RN, Training

‡ c-c c3
‡ transfer of information with understanding
‡ Communication barriers/communication backlog Î eg. Dialect differences, noise,
deaf, high level of anxiety, hallucinating
‡ "c-c"c3c3 
‡ Steps
‡ identify the problem
‡ identify person affected
‡ gather options/alternative
‡ brainstorming
‡ delphitechnique Î gathering solutions outside the group (eg.
specialized nurse)
‡ choose and implement
‡ Evaluation
‡ c-cc
‡
 
‡
 cc
cc
‡ independent judgment or decision making
‡ in all situation the pt himself is the one who should decide for his own
care
‡ Consent
‡ respect the decision of the pt
‡ explain the risk to the patient/SO
‡ waiver - a legal doc when the pt refuse for treatment.
‡
 cc/
c
‡ telling the truth to the patient
‡ #1 the patient has the right to know from the PHYSICIAN (not the nurse)
‡
 cc" & ccc
‡ if the pt is made to choose between 2 equal danger and he only needs to
choose one, choose the one that will produce one good effect and less
evil effect.
‡
 cc)cc
 ‡ doing good to the patient (eg. providing therapeutic communication,
providing privacy)
‡
 cc* c
‡ do no harm
‡ 3 types of Harm
‡ Physical Î negligence by commission
‡ Mental Î assault and battery
‡ Moral Î slander and libel
‡
 cc= c
‡ Prioritize the needs of the patient.
‡ To be able to provide nursing care to the patient, provide the nursing
process.
‡ Nursing Process characteristics :
‡ A Î acceptable universally
‡ B - based patients assessment needs
‡ C Î client focused
‡ D Î dynamics Î base on the ever changing needs of the pt
‡ E Î equitable care
‡ F Î familiarity/rapport to the patient
‡ G Î goal directed towards solving the assess needs of the patient
(SMART)
‡
 ccO  & cc cc
‡ Suicide and abortion is violation of this principle
‡ ,c-c, c 
‡ any clash of ideas resulting to crisis
‡ cc
 c c
‡   Î by paying attention
‡  Î appealing to ones conscience and kindness
‡  
 c Î use of forced fear or threat
‡  Î best method in resolving conflict. The head nurse should
offer negotiation between conflicting parties.

 c    c

9Oc

+c
‡ choosing the right person and giving them the appropriate task for the purpose of
achieving their goal/objective in achieving total care

,

3c+ 
;ccc+
c

‡ Elements
‡ choosing the appropriate person (TAO)
‡ choosing the appropriate team
‡ choosing the appropriate training
‡ choosing the appropriate tools

( c c
c
‡ the be a good manager, there should be a good interpersonal relationship between the
leader and follower

"  cc

;c  c
cc

‡ +
c>c
‡ Negative workers
‡ negligence, inefficient, ineffective workers
‡ +
c?c
‡ Positive workers
‡ diligent, effective, efficient worker
‡ theory X should be given focus because they are prone to negligence and malpractice.

$c@&
;c)
 
c 

c+
c

‡ whoever is on the top would perform the management function
‡ centralized

 c;c) 
 c+
c

‡ overtime pay, rest day, day off
‡ provide physical needs of the workers
 ‡ Hawthorne¶s Effect
‡ If workers knows they are observed they become more efficient

(
c, ;c
 ccc

‡ 9cc Î one leader, one command
‡ 9cc"
 Î one group should always have one goal
‡  
cc 
 Î patient first policy
‡ 
cc
 Î team spirit
‡ c
& c 

Î let the superior answer the fault of
his subordinates even harm or death
‡ Balance between centralization and decentralization
‡ Security tenure
‡ Delegation of responsibility
‡

ccc2
3
c
‡ 
c<:A4c7c
c28 Î salary grade 50 P13,000/month
‡ % 
c Î additional of 25%/hr
‡ c"
 Î additional of 10%/hr
‡  c  Î x 2
‡    - Benefit of worker both related and non-related work (aesthetic,
dental and cosmetics are not included)
‡ 
c   Î 60days leave is NSD, 78days if CS only to first 4 pregnancy
only to legitimate spouse
‡ 
c   Î 7day/1week leave
‡ 
c5;c
 Î 20% discount

4cccc
c
‡ lanning stage
‡ looking ahead of time.
‡ Formulating future goals/objective
‡ +cc c
‡ 
%
 c c7 8cc
‡ plans for everyday or ordinary activities
‡ 
c c
‡ plan used during sudden or acute crisis
‡ *
 
c c
‡ plans which you can¶t evaluated immediately.
‡ Usually last months or yrs.
‡ Used for chronic pt which requires longer period of care.
‡ cc c
c
‡ cÎ present reason when established your organization
‡ /c- statement of your future purpose of your future organization
‡  cÎ set of values and beliefs of your organization
‡  cÎ general statement of your purpose
‡ %& cÎ more specific statement of your purpose
‡  c-cset of rules and regulations in your organizationc
‡

c
‡ )  Î proper allocation of your resourcesc
‡ :cc
‡ 
 c
‡ Compensation for salaries of workers
‡ %
 cc
 ‡ everyday use of equipment and facilities
(gloves, water, electricity)
‡  cc
‡ long term use equipment (MRI, CT Scan,
hospital beds, hospital buildings)
‡ %rganizing
‡ Bcc
‡ %
5c
ccc &
c
‡ Duties of the RN
‡ Only assessment can perform the nurse
‡ Only the nurse can perform HT
‡ Only the nurse should explain the procedure to the patient
‡ Preparation, administration, treatment of drugs to the patient
‡ The nurse can only perform evaluation
‡ The nurse can only do judgment
‡ " c+3c
‡ They can only delegate to subordinates the Routinary task
(standard, unchanging procedure) eg. monitoring of I&O, bathing,
ambulating, toileting, shampooing, transporting, feeding, clothing,
wiping
‡ Stable patient - predictable outcome (eg. postmortem care with
direct supervision of the nurse only)
‡ Supervision Î need guidance
‡ c cc
‡ Schedules (How many hours)
‡ Traditional Î 8hrs a day/40hrs/wk
‡ Ten hour shift/4 days a week
‡ Baylor plan Î it consist of two shifting nurses
‡ traditional Î mon-fri 8hrs
‡ 2nd shift Î 12hr shift during weekends
‡ Part-time work Î fewer working hours per day and may
choose the day or work. Less than 8hrs job
‡ On Î call Î during shortage of nurses/staff but increase in
the number of patients.
‡ cc
c
c"  
c
‡ "
cc
‡

c-c.B
ccc
‡ Primary nurse is the only nurse who is responsible
to make a care plan of the patient from the moment
of admission till the moment of discharge. (eg.
private duty nurse or special nurse)
‡ ,  ccc
‡ DOH format/government hospitals
‡ Assign nurse :
‡ "uty/task
‡ %ne nurse, one task
‡ (ighly recommended during a period of
shortage of nurses and budget
‡ poorest method of delivery because communication
is hindered
‡ Case Method/Case Nursing
 ‡ provide total care within your shift. Used in ICU
department
‡ C Î Case Method
‡ T Î total care to the patient
‡ O Î one is to one ratio
‡ "irecting/Delegation stage
‡ a job or a task is done or performed by another perform for you
‡ What you cannot delegate:
‡ you cannot delegate total control of the procedure
‡ you can¶t delegate discipline of subordinates or staff members.
‡ Confidential task
‡ Technical task
‡ Medical task performing surgical procedure is done by the doc not the
nurse
‡ oordination/Collaboration
‡ the nurse needs to collaborate to other members of the health care team.
‡ Multi-interdisciplinary approach Î to be able to provide holistic approach to the
patient.
‡ +cc &
c
‡ O

 O

 c
‡ One patient, one unit.
‡ Collaboration between one nurse to another healthcare team in
one unit/department
‡ Eg. MI patient - nurse, dietary, specialized in cardio
‡ O

 c
‡ 4 units in one hospital.
‡ Coordination of the patients care between 2-more
units/departments but still under one same hospital or institution
‡ Eg. patient due for appendectomy is transferred to the OR
‡ O
c
O  cc
‡ Coordination of patient¶s care between 2 or more hospitals/health
care institution for the benefit of the patient
‡ Eg. lying Î in due for C/S and was transferred to a hospital
‡ valuation/Controlling
‡ stage wherein you determine whether or not your plans for your patient is met or
achieved
‡ cc  cc

c
‡ 3 c
‡ it is being evaluated higher than you. (eg. nurse
manager/supervisor or head nurse)
‡ 
c
 c
‡ it is being evaluated higher than you. (eg. Nurse
manager/supervisor or head nurse)
‡ Psychiatric ward is not done by nursing rounds
‡ 
c
 2cc
‡ same rank or level is being evaluated you
‡ poor method
‡ 

c
 cc
‡ the patient evaluates you
‡ best method in evaluationc
c
 
c
  c c
 c

 c
c

 cc
‡ A calling in which its members profess to have acquired special values,cknowledge,
training or by experience so that they may guide others in that special field.


ccc
cc
‡ Calling Î service oriented
‡ Others Î patients



c&c
c
‡
Î accountability/liability for the result
‡  Î caring profession Central Focus
‡  Î competent
‡  Î ethics
‡  Î service oriented
‡  Î specialized scientific body of knowledge and skills

%,O%
c"9+Oc%,c
c9c9"c
cCD<:c

c
cc
cc

‡ Promotive, preventive, curative and rehab care in all health care service
‡ health education
‡ utilizes nursing process
‡ link of patients in different health care services
‡ collaboration of patient¶s care for continuity of patient care
‡ train nursing students
‡ supervision of subordinates
‡ accurate recording and reporting
‡ execution of valid doctor¶s order (the only one that is dependent nursing action)
‡ Perennial Suturing after training
‡ Perform IE if antenatal bleeding is absent and before full delivery

„   








  





 
 



  




 


 


c
c
cc
‡ During emergency, national calamity, national epidemic there is no doctor around the life
or the patient is in possible danger, then you can give drugs alone provided you know
the drugs for the patient.


cE:BB Î No deposit policy during emergency cases only

cc
c
c

DFcO  c
c
 ‡ Hospital Based Venue
‡ D Î Duties are routinary and supervised
‡ A Î Acquired different learning and technical skills
‡ C- Coordination with HCT
‡ S Î Specialized areas
‡ Nurse Generalist Î community nurse
‡ Nurse specialist Î staff nurse

.Fc & c( c
c

‡ Once a Public nurse in the community, you are focus on the preventive and promotive
of health because this is the mandate of Primary Health Care Law.
‡ Dc (c
‡ Date : 1978
‡ Place : Alma Ata
‡ Country : Russia
‡ Local version of F. Marcos after 1yr of Alma Ata
‡ Conference: Letter of Instruction 949 that mandates that all public workers to
have a duty of promotive and preventive care for the patient.
‡
cc & c( c
‡ PD 8976 Î Micronutrient Supplement Act
‡ Vit. A, iron supplements, iodine
‡ "cE.4c7 
 cc 2ccc  F8cc
‡ It is cleanliness of the environment. Outside the institution (eg. proper
disposal of excreta, proper drainage system)
‡ "cE4Gc7cccc  F8cc
‡ Involves proper sanitation of an institution that engage in food and water
supply. Inside the institution. (eg. canteen, mineral water store, public
market, Sex shop : ADONIS, PEGASUS, CHICOS) not applicable to
private sex practitioners.
‡
 cc"cc
‡ "cCCGc7 Oc 28cc
‡ Compulsory Immunization of children below 9 y/o
‡   cc c c& c c2 c&c3c
cc
 
 c c
‡ 
c<DGAc7  c 
c8c
‡ decentralization or devolution of care. The DOH together with DILG and
local government units (brgy, provincial) together with community
participation they made a local health board which is the MAYOR.
‡ Purpose of local health board : it makes quality health care available,
accessible and proximal for all
‡ 
ccc2c c&
ccc c c
cc
cc c

:Fc% c( c
c

‡ industrial or company health nurse
‡ " c1c
‡ 
 
&  c
‡ C Î care for sick/injured laborers
‡ R Î Referral
‡ V Î Visit and ff. ups (home visits)
‡
 
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 ‡ N Î nutritional
‡ S Î safety and sanitation
‡ C Î Counseling

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c

‡ 6  c1c
‡
Î accredited nursing Org
‡  Î MAN in nursing or other health courses
‡ % Î One yr clinical experience
‡  Î R.N.

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‡ @c2c 
c  : Oct. 22, 1922 (10-22- 22)
‡ @ccc 
c 
: Anastacia G. Guiron Tupas
‡
c:
‡ Î professional well-being
‡ 9c- unity
‡ cÎ promotes reciprocity even outside the Phils.
‡
cÎ advancement of the knowledge and skills of the nurse
‡  Î ethics promulgation

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‡ Declared by Pres. Garcia law declaring the last week Oct as the official nurses week.

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‡ UPCN Î 1st
‡ Schools originated in the Phil.
‡ Iloilo Mission hospital
‡ PGH
‡ St. Luke¶s
‡ Mary Johnston Hospital
‡ St. Paul Hospital
‡ San Juan de Dios


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‡ /cÎ voluntariness
‡ % Î Opportunities to ask question be explained to pt
‡ + Î treatment explained to the patient
‡ 9 Î understood by pt
‡  Î matured both physically and mentally



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‡ 18 y/o Î above
‡ Mentally capacitated (absence of insanity and imbecility)
‡ If below 18 y/o and mentally incapacitated a proxy consent : in chronological order
‡ Parents
‡ Guardian
‡ physician (if parents and guardian are dead)
‡ Guardian Ad Litem Î social worker or Surgeon

ccO  c"c
‡ it happens if someone will limit the freedom of the patient to move or travel from one
place to another.
‡ HIV Patient Î should be kept in one room
‡ Felacio Î oral sex Î most fastest mode of transfer
‡ Cannalingus Î tongue on clitoris
‡ Analingus Î tongue on anus Î least mode of transfer

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‡ Act whereby a person is permitted by the law to have control in the manner of disposing/
giving his estate but will take effect at the time of his death
‡ Testate Succession Î son or daughter will inherit the last will of the parents
‡ Intestate Succession Î without last will and testament
‡ .cccc@ cc+c
‡

c
‡ 
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c@ c
‡ Check LOC
‡ Check proper location of the signature Î end part of all the pages
at the side
‡ Nurses can be a witness
‡ ( 
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‡ During emergency cases
‡ No witness involved call a persdon who knows and familiar with
the handwritten of the testator
‡ Entire last will and testament is hand written dated and signed by
the testator
‡ c)c
‡
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‡ Respectful death
‡ Direction/ instruction of the patient in advance
‡ DNR, donate organ, cremation

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c
‡ only registered medical, dental and veterinary practitioners are authorized to prescribe
drugs
‡ 3 information
‡ name of the AMD, address of his clinic/hosp and PTRC license #
‡ name of the pt, age, sex
‡ drug name, frequency, duration of the drug
‡ 
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c
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‡ all prescribe drug must be written in generic and brand name or generic name
but never the brand name alone)
‡ Purpose : for the pt to choose what brand name they want
‡ Remember the 10 R¶s of medication
‡ Right patient name by checking the pt wrist tag
‡ Verbal or telephone Î only done during emergency
‡ doubts or error Î in case there is doubt in medication, refer to the physician
‡ IV drugs Î in proper training

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c

 ‡ c
 Î absolutely legal
‡
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c
‡ ommunication and conitinuity of care
‡
ssurance of quality of care
‡ esearch
‡ egal document
‡ tatistics of disease
‡  & Î order coming from the court
‡ Subpoena Duces Tecum Î any documents, objects, papers, materials
‡ Subpoena Ad Testificandum Î person who will testify (witness)
‡ ";cc
c
‡ , Î full, factual and objectively accurate
‡  Î legible
‡ O Î immediate
‡ Î Personal
‡
 cÎ late entry/late documentation
‡ ";cc
c
‡  Î language, jargons or words which are unacceptable
‡ O Î improper corrections
‡  Î Spaces and skips
‡
bbreviation
c

c"%+OcOc9Oc

 c c

 c
‡ failure to do something which are reasonable and prudent nurse should have done
something under a particular situation. (eg. failure to raise side rales when the pt is
unconscious)
‡ :c cc c
‡ duty on part of the nurse
‡ failure to do said duty
‡ injury, harm, death Î most important negligence

 
c
‡ injury, harm or death is not important in malpractice
‡ The nurse is allowed to perform episiorrhapy
‡ with proper training but not episiotomy
‡ The nurse is allowed to perform IE but with 2 conditions :
‡ fetal aberration/ abnormal delivery
‡ prior to complete delivery


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c
‡ Types of crime :
‡ 
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‡ "%% Î crimes committed with deceit. Crime with real criminal intention
‡ 9
cÎ crimes committed under negligence. Crimes that are intentional
‡ cc$ c
‡  cc
‡ when the crime intended is totally committed or perfected
‡ 

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 ‡ the offended performs everything to consummate the crime but it did not
happen
‡ c
‡ crime has not happened (overt acts Î acts merely showing the intention to
commit the crime)
‡ 
cc
c
‡ 
 cc
‡ degree of participation is very important/indispensable because he is the
primary author of the crime.. If no principle, there is no crime.
‡  cc
‡ participation is merely dispensable.
‡ Usually performs before (eg. referral by the nurse of a abortionist to a
pregnant women) or during the crime eg. OB nurse is to perform abortion.
The nurse is look out for police. The nurse is the accomplice.
‡ 
cc
‡ usually performs after the crime (eg. stole a nebulizer in the hospital. Sold
the nebulizer to an asthmatic pt) This is an accessory because he
benefited from the crime


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c$  c
c 2cc
‡ committed by any person who exercises authority. (eg. teacher to student, head nurse to
staff nurse).
‡ That person who is in authority is asking for a sexual favor in an exchange of another
favor.

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‡ %

c
c
‡ a forcible penetration of an organ for copulation to another organ for copulation.
(eg. women are only the victim)
‡ $  c c
‡ anything that is forcible inserted to a body orifice with sexual malice.
‡ Also form of rape (eg. hand or an object is being inserted in the anal. Committed
in both female or male)
‡ Intervention :
‡  Î safety (emotional or physical safety)
‡  Î report (Ļ 18 Î report to brgy.)
‡  Î referral (if father is the rapist, refer to DSWD)

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‡ is the expulsion or termination of a product of conception before the stage of viability. (3-
6month/12-24weeks)
Occ
‡ kill the person in less than 3days or 72hrs of life.
c


c
‡ killing another person to whom you have a relationship (mother, father, husband)
(c
‡ unintentionally killing another person without any relationship (eg. negligence in giving
meds)


c
‡ intentionally killing another person without any relationship
 cc&
c
‡ committed by any person who shall substitute one child to another child or alter his
identities for the purpose of losing his civil status. (eg. the midwife failed to report the
birth of the baby, giving wrong information of the gender of the baby)
"cG4Dc7)
c

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‡ law any person who assist in giving birth to report within 30 days to the Local Civil
Registration Office

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c
c
‡
c.EAEc7
FcDCDC8 Î first true nursing law
‡ It removed from the doctor the control of nurses with 3 man team (1 chairman
and 2 members all nurses)
‡ DC.AcÎ 1st official board exam
‡ Dc
c c7G8c
‡ Iloilo Mission Hospital (1906)
‡ PGH School of Nursing (1907)
‡ St. Luke¶s school of nursing (1907)
‡ Mary Johnson¶s school of Nursing (1907)
‡ St. Paul Iloilo 1907)
‡ San Juan de Dios (1907)
‡ Dc cc
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‡ 
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‡ 
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‡ )
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c
‡ % c
‡ M Î MAN
‡ A Î Accredited Nursing Org (PNA)
‡ F Î five MAN team (1 chairman, 4 members)
‡ S Î 65 y/o Î 1 year interim period
‡ N Î Not convicted of any crime
‡ P Î Pecuniary interest (Absence)
‡ T Î 10 years nursing practice
‡ C- Citizen of R.P.
‡ 2c
‡ M Î MAN
‡ A Î Accredited Nursing Org (PNA)
‡ S Î 7 MAN team (1 chairman, 6members)
‡ I Î immediately resigned upon appt.
‡ N Î Not convicted of any crime
‡ P Î Pecuniary interest (Absence)
‡ T Î 10 years nursing practice but 5 yrs must be in the Phils.
‡ C- Citizen & resident of R.P.
‡ @c
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c$HcÎ Board of Nursing
‡ In having a license it is a Privilege not a Right
‡ Board of Nursing issues the license
‡ PRC issues the certificate of registration
‡ CHED are the ones who has the power to open and close a nursing
school
‡ BON just inspects 5 consecutive years of below 80% passing rate, the
school will be closed
‡ 2
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 ‡  Î Licensure exam
‡ OcÎ Issue COR
‡ cÎ Monitor standards of nursing practice
‡ cÎ Education
‡  Î Code of ethics
‡ (cÎ Hear and decides cases of negligence and malpractice
‡
Î Accredits different organizations
‡ cÎ Guides Nursing Practice in the phils
‡ "c
‡ R.N., MAN
‡ 5 years nursing experience
‡   cO

c
‡ A Î allied in nursing or any allied health courses
‡ M Î member of PNA
‡ O Î 1 yr experience
‡ R Î R.N.
‡ 
c


c

 


c(c  cc  
c(c

c c c
‡ B Î BSN RN c c
‡ A Î Accredited Org
‡ N Î 9 units
‡ T Î 2 yrs
c
Chief/Directorc c c
RN + MAN + Add only MAN +
5 yrs supervisor master¶s in GSC
experience PHN or (Gen.
(N.B. if primary CHN Staffing
hosp) c c Course)
c

‡ $c
‡ CGM (Good Moral Character)
‡ Proofs of Valid Holder of Filipino Citizenship
‡ Proofs of valid holder of a BSN Degree only from schools whose
curriculum is approved by the CHED
‡ 3 docs sub to PRC
‡ RLE certificate
‡ TOR with Scanned picture
‡ List of cases
‡ Examination fee is P900
‡ Last day Is :

Other related laws

‡ "c..:c-c c
c
‡ 
cDAEAcÎ Civil Service exam Cum Laude, Board passer Î eligible in taking CSE
‡ 
cGB.4c-c"
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c
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‡  & c2c.c c &c
 ‡
&c
c
‡ chemical substance totally, abosultely can¶t be consumed by
human being (eg. Shabu, Mariana, Cocaine, Opium)
‡  c
cc
‡ you can use this drug provided the pt has the prescription and the
AMD has appropriate license coming from the BFAD or
Dangerous Drugs
‡ 
c<GAAc-c)&c,
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‡ Early bonding for mother is Early Rooming in and early baby breast technique for
early bonding Early bonding for father is thru cuddling
‡ F%Fc4Dc-c 3cc7)
c 38cc
‡ Avoid manufactured or formula milk
‡ (2cc&ccFFc 
cCD<:c
‡ Have all qualifications
‡ take the exam
‡ acquire the required ratings
‡ In order to pass the examination, an examinee must obtain a general average of
at least 75 % with a rating of not below sixty percent (60%) in any subject
‡ An examinee who obtains an average rating of 75% or higher but gets a rating
below 60% in any subject must take the examination again but only in the
subject or subjects where he/she us treated below 60 % (60%). In order to pass
the succeeding examination, an examinee must obtain a rating of at least 75% in
the subject or subjects repeated.´
‡ 
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‡ For every 5,000, results will be released after 5days

‡ PRC rating NAME
‡ Text to 263 (smart) 233 (globe)

‡ @c
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Hc

‡ " Î Dishonorable conduct
‡ 9 Î Unsound mind
‡ cÎ moral turpitude
‡ OcÎ Indecent immortal conduct