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PPKU-IPB Nama:________________________
Bahasa Inggris Kelompok/NIM:____/___________
Dosen Responsi:________________

UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER BAHASA INGGRIS

SEMESTER 1/2017-2018
1 November 2017

ANSWER SHEET

1. A B C D 16. A B C 31. T F
2. A B C D 17. A B C 32. T F
3. A B C D 18. A B C 33. T F
4. A B C D 19. A B C 34. T F
5. A B C D 20 A B C 35. T F
6. A B C D 21. A B C 36. T F
7. A B C D 22. A B C 37. T F
8. A B C D 23. A B C 38. T F
9. A B C D 24. A B C 39. T F
10. A B C D 25. A B C 40. T F
11. A B C D 26. A B C 41. T F
12. A B C D 27. A B C 42. T F
13. A B C D 28. A B C 43. T F
14. A B C D 29. A B C 44. T F
15. A B C D 30. A B C 45. T F

(46-50 TWO points each)

46. ______________ 51. A B C D 56. A B C D
47. ______________ 52. A B C D 57. A B C D
48. ______________ 53. A B C D 58. A B C D
49. ______________ 54. A B C D 59. A B C D
50. ______________ 55. A B C D 60. A B C D

61. A B C D 71. ___________________ 81. A B C D

62. A B C D 72. ___________________ 82 A B C D
63. A B C D 73. ___________________ 83. A B C D
64. A B C D 74. ___________________ 84. A B C D
65. A B C D 75. ___________________ 85. A B C D
66. ___________________ 76. A B C D 86. T F
67. ___________________ 77. A B C D 87. T F (TWO
points
68. ___________________ 78. A B C D 88. T F
each)
69. ___________________ 79. A B C D 89. T F
70. ___________________ 80. A B C D 90. T F

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PPKU-IPB Nama:________________________
Bahasa Inggris Kelompok/NIM:____/___________
Dosen Responsi:________________

UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER BAHASA INGGRIS

SEMESTER 1/2017-2018
1 November 2017
Reading 1
The nice thing about bacteria is that they multiply really fast. This is inconvenient if they
happen to infect, but useful if you want to see how evolution works. Put antibiotics on a Petri dish
with enough bacteria, and a few days later you’ll find that a lone bacterium – one that happened to
be resistant to the drug's effects – is now recolonizing the plate. It’s natural selection in action. The
5 reality is that every single living thing on Earth is constantly evolving, at least to some extent. But
in species that don't live and die as rapidly as bacteria, it’s hard to see the process in action.
A massive genetic study in PLOS Biology highlighted that earlier this week. Researchers
looked at DNA from 215,000 people, tracking 8 million mutations to see which genetic changes
were changing in frequency. They found that a number of genes – one of the gene variants that
10 predisposes you to Alzheimer’s disease, for example – are becoming uncommon in older people,
even though the genes don’t seem to directly affect childbearing. If a mutation keeps you from
successfully reproducing, it follows that such a genetic change would have difficulty gaining a
foothold in the larger population. Since Alzheimer’s patients generally don’t start having symptoms
until after their reproductive years, the mutation shouldn’t be selected against. Similarly, groups of
15 genes that predispose you to asthma, high cholesterol, high body mass index, and coronary artery
disease seem to be becoming less common.
The authors think this might be because those predispositions somehow affect your likelihood
of having children earlier – in very subtle ways. You’d need a huge sample of people to detect such
a small effect, so even this large study can’t answer that question. It’s also possible that something
20 called the grandmother hypothesis is involved. This hypothesis says that living long enough to help
take care of your grandchildren makes them more likely to survive. Consequently, this makes your
own genes more likely to be passed on. If the grandmother hypothesis is influencing our species'
evolution, it makes sense that genes causing disease late in life would become less common over
time.
25 This is all crucial evidence that we’re continuing to evolve as a species, and it’s easy to see
why we don’t notice it happening. Evolution doesn't look like a generation of humans suddenly
including a few X-Men. It looks like the ever so slight reduction in mutations that lead to
Alzheimer’s disease. The progress is slow.

1. A lone bacterium refers to a bacterium that ….

A. cannot be colonized
B. happened to be resistant to the drug’s effects
C. cannot stand alone
D. gives effect to the drug

2. The sentence that has a noun clause functioning as a complement is……

A. The nice thing about bacteria is that they multiply really fast.
B. A massive genetic study in PLOS Biology highlighted that earlier this week.
C. But in species that don't live and die as rapidly as bacteria, it’s hard to see the process in action.
D. They found that a number of genes are becoming uncommon in older people

3. The sentence “…it follows that such a genetic change would have difficulty gaining …” (line 12)
contains a noun clause that functions as a/an…
A. subject B. complement C. predicate D. object

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4. The following statements are some facts taken from Paragraph 1, except……
A. All bacteria are able to multiply really fast.
B. Every single living thing on Earth is constantly developing.
C. Bacteria live and die as rapidly as all species in the world.
D. A lone bacterium can recolonize the plate.

5. In order to see which genetic changes were changing in frequency, researchers ….

A. observed DNA of approximately 215.000 human
B. traced few mutations
C. performed a small genetic study
D. found that a huge number of genes are becoming uncommon in older people

6. The text indicates that grandmother hypothesis is a hypothesis which says that…
A. the genes of older people will change.
B. living long enough to help take care of your grandchildren makes them more likely to survive.
C. mutation affects your likelihood of having children earlier.
D. it needs small sample of people to detect such a small effect of mutation.

7. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease usually appear …. the reproductive years.

A. before B. until C. during D. after

8. The meaning of prefix “re-“ in the word “recolonizing” in line 4 is….

A. after B. before C. again D. able to

9. The passage states the genes that change in frequency are those that predispose people to …
A. Alzheimer’s disease B. heart attack C. autism D. avian influenza

10. Noun clause that functions as an object can be found in sentence….

A. A massive genetic study in PLOS Biology highlighted that earlier this week.
B. It’s easy to see why we don’t notice it happening.
C. But in species that don't live and die as rapidly as bacteria, it’s hard to see the process in action.
D. This is all crucial evidence that we’re continuing to evolve as a species.

11. The word “this” (line 17) refers to….

A. coronary artery disease C. high body mass
B. high cholesterol D. the previous sentence

12. The prefix “re” in the word “predispositions” (line 17) means …
A. after B. before C. not D. again

13. The word “it” (line 27) functions as….

A. generation B. nothing C. evolution D. evidence

14. The word “it” (line 19) functions as a/an ….

A. pronoun B. noun C. adjective D. expletive

15. The synonym of the word “rapidly” (line 6) is….

A. fast B. slowly C. rarely D. hardly

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Reading 2 (Questions 16-30 are in the following text)

1
Line There is no evidence that getting a flu vaccine can (16. A. cause B. causing C. caused) a
miscarriage. No one has suggested any mechanism by which this would occur. Not even the authors
(17. A. himself B. ourselves C. themselves) think that they found a causal link.
2
The problem here is in the design of the study. Associations like this often (18. A. came B.
5 comes C. come) from observational studies, also called case control studies, which are great for
finding links (19. A. but B. so C. and) terrible for finding causes. The study found that women who
(20. A. have B. has C. had) miscarriages also tended to have been vaccinated two years in a row for
the flu (having a single vaccine did not show the same result). That might sound compelling, but
there are a myriad of ways (21. A. who B. that C. whom) vaccines and miscarriages could be related
10 without the former causing (22. A. the first B. the latter C. the last).
3
Perhaps those who (23. A. seek B. sought C. is seeking) medical help for a miscarriage are
also more likely to get vaccinated regularly. Or maybe the link is there because many patients with
high-risk pregnancies have (24. A. medicine B. medic C. medical) issues that bump them to the
front of the vaccination line. The results could stem from the fact that the study looked at years just
15 after the H1N1 pandemic, during and after which more pregnant people probably got vaccinated.
Previous studies didn’t follow a year in which vaccines suddenly became much more (25. A.
popularity B. popularizes C. popular).
4
Since countless studies have found no reason to be concerned about miscarriages following
vaccines, it (26. A. seems B. seem C. seemed) likely that this is just a fluke.
5
20 Even if there (27. A. were B. is C. are) some slight increased risk from the flu vaccine, it
would still be better to get the vaccine than not to. Pregnancy (28. A. makes B. has C. sends) you
more likely to get a serious case of the flu than the general population, and the high fever of such
an infection can cause (29. A. seriousness B. seriously C. serious) harm to a fetus. In fact, there's
some evidence that infections during pregnancy might even raise a fetus's risk of neurological
25 conditions like autism and schizophrenia. Even if future studies produce evidence of the same
statistical link, one of these things is still riskier than the other (and that thing is not getting
vaccinated).
6
There’s also evidence that mothers who get vaccinated pass on some of their immunity to
their babies, which stays with (30. they B. their C. them) for months after birth. Since infants aren’t
30 eligible to get the flu vaccine, this means that they’re protected when they otherwise would be
vulnerable. Babies don’t have much immunity when they’re that small, which makes them much
more likely to die from the flu if they get it.

Indicate whether the following is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Cross (X) your choice on the answer sheet.
31. The topic of the above passage is the relation between a flu vaccine and miscarriages.
32. The topic sentence of Paragraph 5 is the first sentence.
33. The main idea of the last paragraph is babies get the flue from their mothers.
34. The word “raise” in line 24 probably means “prevent.”
35. The word “that” in line 8 refers to the previous sentence.
36. The author will most likely agree that flu vaccines can cause miscarriages.
37. The part of speech of the word “vulnerable” in line 31 is adjective.
38. Information about pandemic causing pregnant women to get vaccinated can be found in lines 6-8.
39. The word “also” in line 28 shows a process.
40. “Evidence of the same statistical link” in lines 26-27 is a noun phrase.
41. The first sentence of Paragraph 1 contains passive verb.
42. Babies are not given flu vaccines.
43. The part of speech of the word “causes” in line 6 is a verb.
44. According to the passage infections during pregnancy may cause schizophrenia to the infants.
45. “that infections during pregnancy might even raise a fetus's risk of neurological…” is a noun clause.

Answer the following questions briefly in NO MORE than THREE words. (TWO points each)
46. What pandemic is mentioned in the passage?
47. What is the stem (root word) of the word “observational” in line 5?
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48. What does the word “the former” in line 10 refer to?
49. What is the part of speech of the word “immunity” in line 28?
50. Mention one example of neurological conditions in a fetus.

Reading 3
It’s no secret that exercise makes your heart bigger in a healthy way, helping it to pump blood
more efficiently and lessening the potential for heart failure. Figuring out a way to mimic the way
exercise manages to do this could be an extremely beneficial way to treat certain types of heart
conditions. A study out this week shows how a protein called cardiotrophin might in fact do this:
5 have the same positive effects on the heart, minus the actual exercise part.
“So, from a basic science perspective it looks like cardiotrophin, by itself, with nothing else,
will stimulate that beneficial growth of the heart,” says Lynn Megeney, senior author of the study
and a senior scientist at The Ottawa Hospital and professor at the University of Ottawa. “It’ll make
each heart muscle cell, and consequently the entire heart, look like and behave like it’s exercised.
10 It’ll gain those beneficial changes, which you normally attribute to exercise programs, just with the
protein alone.”
This could seriously come in handy for people who suffer from right heart failure. This varies
from congestive, or left, heart failure, in that left heart failure has several drug interventions that
can slow the process down. These conventional processes don’t offer much help to people with right
15 heart failure, says Megeney, and often times the only solution for these patients is a transplant.
Interest into the positive effects of cardiotrophin go back several years when researchers
initially identified several proteins found in cells that could make a heart muscle grow in a beneficial
way. The researchers thought that since cardiotrophin causes the heart to appear exercised when
no work out has taken place, perhaps it could be a good way to benefit those with right heart failure.
20 After witnessing the positive effects of cardiotrophin in cell tissue cultures, Megeney and his
colleagues moved on to testing the protein in mice and rats. Turns out, in those models,
cardiotrophin is very effective at limiting the progression of right heart failure in mice and rats with
the condition.
“The biology of a heart in a rat is actually more similar to a human than it is to a mouse, so
25 that kind of thing propelled us forward to start testing these particular proteins in a rat model,” he
says.

51. The following statements are the benefits of exercise, except….

A. making your heart bigger in a healthy way
B. helping it to pump blood more efficiently
C. increasing the potential for heart failure
D. lessening the potential for heart failure
52. What is cardiotrophin?
A. A drug B. A protein C. A carbohydrate D. A tissue

53. The benefit of cardiotrophin is….

A. Limiting the progression of right heart failure
B. ncreasing the heart pressure
C. Stimulating the beneficial growth of the heart
D. Witnessing the positive effects

54. When does cardiotrophin work very effectively?

A. At limiting the progression of right heart failure in mice and rats with the condition
B. At testing the protein in mice and rats
C. At helping it to pump blood more efficiently.
D. At increasing the potential for heart failure

55. A transplant is considered as the only solution for patient with ….

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A. left heart failure C. heart attack

B. coronary disease D. right heart failure

56. The word “it” (line 8) refers to…

A. exercise C. a basic science perspective
B. beneficial growth of the heart D. cardiotrophin

57. The part of speech of the word “beneficial” in line 3 is a/an …….
A. Adverb B. adjective C. noun D. verb
58. Which one is not the profession of Lynn Megeney?
A. a senior scientist B. a dentist C. a senior author D. a professor

59. The suffix “-ure” indicates that the word “failure” in line 2 is a/an….
A. noun B. verb C. adjective D. adverb

60. The heart biology of a rat is …….. that of a human

A. unlike B. very different from C. quite similar to D. the same as

61. The base word of “researchers” line 19 is ………….

A. research B. researcher C. searcher D. search

62. The noun form of the word “identified” line 17 is ………

A. Identify B. identical C. identification D. identically

63. The modifier of noun phrase “positive effects” (line 5) is …functions as a/an….
A. positive, adverb C. positive, adjective
B. effects, noun D. effects, verb

64. What type of pronoun does the word “that’ in line 7?

A. Subject pronoun C. Relative pronoun
B. Object pronoun D. Demonstrative pronoun

65. Megeney and his colleagues tested the protein on ______.

A. mice B. rats C. rats and mice D. humans

Reading 4
Read the following dictionary entry and choose the best answer for each question.

Creep/kri:p/ v 1. to crawl with the body near to or touching the ground. 2. to move slowly, quietly, or
cautiously, 3. to act in a servile way. 4. to move or slip out of place. 5. (of plants) to grow along the ground
or over rocks. – n 1. the act of creeping or a creeping movement. 2. Sl a person considered to be obnoxious
or servile. 3 Geol. the gradual downward movement of loose rock material, soil on a slope
Fertile/f3:tail/ adj. 1. capable of producing offspring. 2.a. (of land) capable of sustaining an abundant
growth of plants b. (of farm animals) capable of breeding stock. 3. Biol. capable of undergoing growth
and development: fertile seeds, fertile eggs. 4. producing many offspring; prolific. 5. highly productive: a
fertile brain. 6. Physics (of a substance) able to be transformed into fissile or fissionable material. – fertility
n
Salutation/sæljutei∫ən/ n 1. an act, phrase, gesture, etc., that serves as a greeting. 2.a form of words used
as an opening to a speech or letter, such as Dear Sir.

Answer the following questions with NO MORE than THREE words or numbers.

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66. How many meanings does the word ‘fertile’ have?

67. What is the word related to “fertile”?
68. What is the noun form of the word “fertile’?
69. Where can you find salutation in written form?

You cannot develop agriculture in that land; it is not fertile.

70. What is the part of speech of the underlined word?
71. According to the dictionary above, the best meaning for the underlined word is meaning number …

72. How many parts of speech does the word “creep” have?
73. How many meanings does the word “creep” have as a noun?

The boy is creeping under the table. He must be looking for something.
74. What is the part of speech of the underlined words?
75. According to the dictionary above, the best meaning for the underlined word is meaning number …

Reading 5
In the 1920s, a Russian biochemist, Alexander I. Oparin, and a British biologist, J.B.S.
Haldane, working independently, proposed that the first organic molecules were formed
spontaneously in the reducing atmosphere thought to be present on the early Earth. The
molecules of water vapor (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and
5 hydrogen (H2) supplied the atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, while lightning,
heat from volcanoes, and ultraviolet radiation furnished the energy needed for the synthesis of
simple organic molecules.
It is important to understand the significance of a reducing atmosphere to this theory. The
absence of oxygen in the atmosphere would have allowed these organic molecules to remain and
10 combine with one another. This does not happen today because organic molecules are either
consumed by organisms or oxidized to simpler inorganic compounds in the atmosphere.
After these simple organic molecules were formed in the atmosphere, they would probably
have been washed from the air and carried into the newly formed oceans by the rain. Here, the
molecules could have reacted with one another to form the more complex molecules of simple
15 sugars, amino acids, and nucleic acids. This accumulation is thought to have occurred over half
a billion years, resulting in oceans that were a dilute organic soup. These simple organic
molecules in the ocean served as the building materials for more complex organic
macromolecules, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. All the ideas
presented so far cannot go back in time. However, we can test several of the assumptions that
20 are central to this theory of the origin of life.

Choose the best answer for each question. Cross (X) your choice on the answer sheet.

76. Who proposed the synthesis of simple organic molecules?

A. a Russian biochemist and a British biologist C. J.B.S. Haldane
B. Alexander I. Oparin D. a Russian chemist and a British biologist

77. Which sentence is not TRUE according to the above passage?

A. The molecules of water vapor take a part in the synthesis of simple organic molecules.
B. Simple organic molecules cannot be synthesized without the presence of carbon dioxide.
C. Simple organic molecules can be synthesized in the absence of heat from volcanoes.
D. Without lightning, simple organic molecules cannot be created.

78. The word ‘This’ in line 10 refers to….

A. the formation of molecules C. the previous sentence
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B. the reducing of oxygen D. the presence of oxygen

79. What happens if there is no oxygen in the atmosphere?

A. Simple organic molecules still can be produced.
B. Organic molecules may remain and combine with one another.
C. Organisms can consume the organic molecules.
D. Organic molecules would be oxidized into simpler inorganic compounds in the atmosphere.

80. What happened with simple organic molecules after they were formed?
A. They directly disappeared in the atmosphere.
B. They were changed into dust.
C. They were washed from the ground
D. They washed from the air and carried into the newly formed oceans by the rain.

81. The best title of the above passage is….

A. the theory of formation of the first organic molecules
B. a formation of the first organic molecules
C. the first organic molecules
D. simple organic molecules in the ocean

82. Which one is NOT true about the word ‘it’ in line 8?
A. It is an expletive. C. It is a subject.
B. It refers to nothing. D. It is a pronoun.

83. The word ‘these’ in line 12 refers to…

A. organic molecules C. oxygen
B. simpler inorganic compounds D. amino acids

84. The noun of a noun phrase ‘more complex organic macromolecules’ in line 16 is…
A. macromolecules B. organic C. complex D. more

85. One of the following choices is not the example of complex organic macromolecules….
A. complex carbohydrate C. complex water
B. complex proteins D. complex nucleic acid

Identify whether the following statement is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). (TWO points each)

86. Molecules of simple sugars, amino acids, and nucleic acids have accumulated for billion years. F
87. Ultraviolet radiation functions as energy in the synthesis of simple organic molecules. T
88. The part of speech of the word “served” in line 17 is verb. T
89. The word “furnished” in line 6 is closest in meaning to “equipped.” T
90. Oxygen in the atmosphere helped the organic molecules to combine with one another. F

==== Good luck ====