TBK" redirects here. For other uses, see  BK (disambiguation).

This article is about the restaurant chain. For other uses, see  Burger King
(disambiguation).
Burger King

Logo from July 1, 1999 to the present

Type Subsidiary
Industry Restaurants
Genre Fast food restaurant
Predecessor Insta-Burger King
Insta-Burger King:
1953; 66 years ago
Jacksonville, Florida
Founded
Burger King:
1954; 65 years ago
Miami, Florida
Insta-Burger King:
Keith J. Kramer and Matthew Burns
Founder
Burger King:
David Edgerton and James McLamore
5505 Blue Lagoon Drive, Miami-Dade County,
Headquarters
Florida, United States
Number of
17,796 (2018)
locations
Area served Global
• Alexandre Behring (Chairman RBI)[1]:123
• Daniel S. Schwartz (CEO)[1]:123
Key people
• José E. Cil (President)[1]:123
• Joshua Kobza (CFO)[1]:123
• Hamburgers
• chicken
• french fries
• soft drinks
Products
• milkshakes
• salads
• desserts
• breakfast
Parent Restaurant Brands International
www.bk.com 
This box: 
Website
• view
• talk
• edit
Footnotes / references
[2][3]
Burger King (BK) is an American global chain of hamburger fast food
restaurants. Headquartered in the unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County,
Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as Insta-Burger King,
a Jacksonville, Florida–based restaurant chain. After Insta-Burger King ran into
financial difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David
Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it
"Burger King". Over the next half-century, the company would change hands
four times, with its third set of owners, a partnership of TPG Capital, Bain
Capital, and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, taking it public in 2002. In late
2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company, in a deal
valued at US$3.26 billion. The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring
of the company to reverse its fortunes. 3G, along with partner Berkshire
Hathaway, eventually merged the company with the Canadian-based
doughnut chain Tim Hortons, under the auspices of a new Canadian-based
parent company named Restaurant Brands International.

The 1970s were the "Golden Age" of the company's advertising, but beginning
in the early-1980s, Burger King advertising began losing focus. A series of less
successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising
agencies continued for the next two decades. In 2003, Burger King hired the
Miami-based advertising agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky (CP+B), which
completely reorganized its advertising with a series of new campaigns
centered on a redesigned Burger King character nicknamed "The King",
accompanied by a new online presence. While highly successful, some of
CP+B's commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural
insensitivity. Burger King's new owner, 3G Capital, later terminated the
relationship with CP+B in 2011 and moved its advertising to McGarryBowen,
to begin a new product-oriented campaign with expanded demographic
targeting.

Burger King's menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers, French

fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In
1957, the "Whopper" became the first major addition to the menu, and it has
become Burger King's signature product since. Conversely, BK has introduced
many products which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these
failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, where BK
has also tailored its menu for regional tastes. From 2002 to 2010, Burger King
aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that
often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats.
This tactic would eventually damage the company's financial underpinnings,
and cast a negative pall on its earnings. Beginning in 2011, the company
began to move away from its previous male-oriented menu and introduce new
menu items, product reformulations and packaging, as part of its current
owner 3G Capital's restructuring plans of the company.[4]
 As of December 31, 2018, Burger King reported it had 17,796 outlets in 100
countries.[5][6] Of these, nearly half are located in the United States, and
99.7% are privately owned and operated,[6] with its new owners moving to an
almost entirely franchised model in 2013. BK has historically used several
variations of franchising to expand its operations. The manner in which the
company licenses its franchisees varies depending on the region, with some
regional franchises, known as master franchises, responsible for selling
franchise sub-licenses on the company's behalf. Burger King's relationship
with its franchises has not always been harmonious. Occasional spats
between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances, the
company's and its licensees' relations have degenerated into precedent-
setting court cases. Burger King's Australian franchise Hungry Jack's is the
only franchise to operate under a different name, due to a trademark dispute
and a series of legal cases between the two.

Contents

• 1 History

• 2 Structure and operations

• 3 Franchises

• 4 International operations

• 5 Controversies and legal cases

• 6 Charitable contributions and services

• 7 Products

• 7.1 Equipment

• 8 Advertising

• 9 See also

• 10 References

• 11 External links

History
Main article:  History of Burger King

The predecessor to Burger King was founded in

1953 in Jacksonville, Florida, as Insta-Burger
King.[7] After visiting the McDonald
brothers' original store location in San
Wordmark used from 1954 until 1957 Bernardino, California, the founders and owners
(Keith J. Kramer and his wife's uncle Matthew
Burns), who had purchased the rights to two pieces of equipment called
"Insta-machines", opened their first restaurants. Their production model was
based on one of the machines they had acquired, an oven called the "Insta-
Broiler". This strategy proved to be so successful that they later required all of
their franchises to use the device.[8][9] After the company faltered in 1959, it
was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees, James McLamore and David
R. Edgerton. They initiated a corporate restructuring of the chain, first
renaming the company Burger King. They ran the company as an independent
entity for eight years (eventually expanding to over 250 locations in the
United States), before selling it to the Pillsbury Company in 1967.[8]:28

Logo from May 1, 1969 until April 30,

1994 Logo from May 1, 1994 until June 30,
1999

Burger King Big King XXL Meal

Pillsbury's management tried several times to restructure Burger King during

the late 1970s and the early 1980s. The most prominent change came in
1978 when Burger King hired McDonald's executive Donald N. Smith to help
revamp the company. In a plan called "Operation Phoenix", [9]:118 Smith
restructured corporate business practices at all levels of the company.
Changes included updated franchise agreements,[10] a broader
menu[9]:119[10]:66 and new standardized restaurant designs. Smith left Burger
King for PepsiCo in 1980[11] shortly before a system-wide decline in sales.
Pillsbury's Executive Vice President of Restaurant Operations Norman E.
Brinker was tasked with turning the brand around, and strengthening its
position against its main rival McDonald's. One of his initiatives was a new
advertising campaign featuring a series of attack ads against its major
competitors. This campaign started a competitive period between Burger
King, McDonald's, and top burger chains known as the Burger wars.[12] Brinker
left Burger King in 1984, to take over Dallas-based gourmet burger
chain Chili's.[13]
Smith and Brinker's efforts were initially effective,[14] but after their
respective departures, Pillsbury relaxed or discarded many of their changes,
and scaled back on construction of new locations. These actions stalled
corporate growth and sales declined again, eventually resulting in a damaging
fiscal slump for Burger King and Pillsbury.[15][16] Poor operation and
ineffectual leadership continued to bog down the company for many years.[16]
[17]

Pillsbury was eventually acquired by the British entertainment

conglomerate Grand Metropolitan in 1989.[18][19] Initially, Grand Met
attempted to bring the chain to profitability under newly minted CEO Barry
Gibbons; the changes he initiated during his two-year tenure had mixed
results, as successful new product introductions and tie-ins with The Walt
Disney Company were offset by continuing image
BK" redirects here. For other uses, see BK (disambiguation).

This article is about the restaurant chain. For other uses, see  Burger King
(disambiguation).
Burger King

Logo from July 1, 1999 to the present

Type Subsidiary
Industry Restaurants
Genre Fast food restaurant
Predecessor Insta-Burger King
Insta-Burger King:
1953; 66 years ago
Jacksonville, Florida
Founded
Burger King:
1954; 65 years ago
Miami, Florida
Founder Insta-Burger King:
Keith J. Kramer and Matthew Burns
 Burger King:
David Edgerton and James McLamore
5505 Blue Lagoon Drive, Miami-Dade County,
Headquarters
Florida, United States
Number of
17,796 (2018)
locations
Area served Global
• Alexandre Behring (Chairman RBI)[1]:123
• Daniel S. Schwartz (CEO)[1]:123
Key people
• José E. Cil (President)[1]:123
• Joshua Kobza (CFO)[1]:123
• Hamburgers
• chicken
• french fries
• soft drinks
Products
• milkshakes
• salads
• desserts
• breakfast
Parent Restaurant Brands International
www.bk.com 
This box: 
Website
• view
• talk
• edit
Footnotes / references
[2][3]
Burger King (BK) is an American global chain of hamburger fast food
restaurants. Headquartered in the unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County,
Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as Insta-Burger King,
a Jacksonville, Florida–based restaurant chain. After Insta-Burger King ran into
financial difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David
Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it
"Burger King". Over the next half-century, the company would change hands
four times, with its third set of owners, a partnership of TPG Capital, Bain
Capital, and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, taking it public in 2002. In late
2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company, in a deal
valued at US$3.26 billion. The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring
of the company to reverse its fortunes. 3G, along with partner Berkshire
Hathaway, eventually merged the company with the Canadian-based
doughnut chain Tim Hortons, under the auspices of a new Canadian-based
parent company named Restaurant Brands International.

The 1970s were the "Golden Age" of the company's advertising, but beginning
in the early-1980s, Burger King advertising began losing focus. A series of less
successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising
agencies continued for the next two decades. In 2003, Burger King hired the
Miami-based advertising agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky (CP+B), which
 completely reorganized its advertising with a series of new campaigns
centered on a redesigned Burger King character nicknamed "The King",
accompanied by a new online presence. While highly successful, some of
CP+B's commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural
insensitivity. Burger King's new owner, 3G Capital, later terminated the
relationship with CP+B in 2011 and moved its advertising to McGarryBowen,
to begin a new product-oriented campaign with expanded demographic
targeting.

Burger King's menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers, French

fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In
1957, the "Whopper" became the first major addition to the menu, and it has
become Burger King's signature product since. Conversely, BK has introduced
many products which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these
failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, where BK
has also tailored its menu for regional tastes. From 2002 to 2010, Burger King
aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that
often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats.
This tactic would eventually damage the company's financial underpinnings,
and cast a negative pall on its earnings. Beginning in 2011, the company
began to move away from its previous male-oriented menu and introduce new
menu items, product reformulations and packaging, as part of its current
owner 3G Capital's restructuring plans of the company.[4]
As of December 31, 2018, Burger King reported it had 17,796 outlets in 100
countries.[5][6] Of these, nearly half are located in the United States, and
99.7% are privately owned and operated,[6] with its new owners moving to an
almost entirely franchised model in 2013. BK has historically used several
variations of franchising to expand its operations. The manner in which the
company licenses its franchisees varies depending on the region, with some
regional franchises, known as master franchises, responsible for selling
franchise sub-licenses on the company's behalf. Burger King's relationship
with its franchises has not always been harmonious. Occasional spats
between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances, the
company's and its licensees' relations have degenerated into precedent-
setting court cases. Burger King's Australian franchise Hungry Jack's is the
only franchise to operate under a different name, due to a trademark dispute
and a series of legal cases between the two.

Contents

• 1 History

• 2 Structure and operations

• 3 Franchises

• 4 International operations

• 5 Controversies and legal cases

• 6 Charitable contributions and services

• 7 Products
• 7.1 Equipment

• 8 Advertising

• 9 See also

• 10 References

• 11 External links

History
Main article:  History of Burger King

The predecessor to Burger King was founded in

1953 in Jacksonville, Florida, as Insta-Burger
King.[7] After visiting the McDonald
brothers' original store location in San
Wordmark used from 1954 until 1957 Bernardino, California, the founders and owners
(Keith J. Kramer and his wife's uncle Matthew
Burns), who had purchased the rights to two pieces of equipment called
"Insta-machines", opened their first restaurants. Their production model was
based on one of the machines they had acquired, an oven called the "Insta-
Broiler". This strategy proved to be so successful that they later required all of
their franchises to use the device.[8][9] After the company faltered in 1959, it
was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees, James McLamore and David
R. Edgerton. They initiated a corporate restructuring of the chain, first
renaming the company Burger King. They ran the company as an independent
entity for eight years (eventually expanding to over 250 locations in the
United States), before selling it to the Pillsbury Company in 1967.[8]:28

Logo from May 1, 1969 until April 30,

1994 Logo from May 1, 1994 until June 30,
1999
 Burger King Big King XXL Meal

Pillsbury's management tried several times to restructure Burger King during

the late 1970s and the early 1980s. The most prominent change came in
1978 when Burger King hired McDonald's executive Donald N. Smith to help
revamp the company. In a plan called "Operation Phoenix", [9]:118 Smith
restructured corporate business practices at all levels of the company.
Changes included updated franchise agreements,[10] a broader
menu[9]:119[10]:66 and new standardized restaurant designs. Smith left Burger
King for PepsiCo in 1980[11] shortly before a system-wide decline in sales.
Pillsbury's Executive Vice President of Restaurant Operations Norman E.
Brinker was tasked with turning the brand around, and strengthening its
position against its main rival McDonald's. One of his initiatives was a new
advertising campaign featuring a series of attack ads against its major
competitors. This campaign started a competitive period between Burger
King, McDonald's, and top burger chains known as the Burger wars.[12] Brinker
left Burger King in 1984, to take over Dallas-based gourmet burger
chain Chili's.[13]
Smith and Brinker's efforts were initially effective,[14] but after their
respective departures, Pillsbury relaxed or discarded many of their changes,
and scaled back on construction of new locations. These actions stalled
corporate growth and sales declined again, eventually resulting in a damaging
fiscal slump for Burger King and Pillsbury.[15][16] Poor operation and
ineffectual leadership continued to bog down the company for many years.[16]
[17]

Pillsbury was eventually acquired by the British entertainment

conglomerate Grand Metropolitan in 1989.[18][19] Initially, Grand Met
attempted to bring the chain to profitability under newly minted CEO Barry
Gibbons; the changes he initiated during his two-year tenure had mixed
results, as successful new product introductions and tie-ins with The Walt
Disney Company were offset by continuing image
he Raid (Indonesian: Serbuan maut, lit. 'The Deadly Raid') is a
2011[6] Indonesian action film written, directed and edited by Gareth Evans.
The film stars Iko Uwais, who previously worked with Evans in another action
film, Merantau, released in 2009. In the film, an elite squad is tasked to
infiltrate a high-rise building – run by a ruthless drug lord – located in the
slums of Jakarta; among them is Rama (played by Uwais), a rookie member of
the team.

After its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), The

Raid received positive reviews from critics.[7][8][9] The name of the film was
changed to The Raid: Redemption in the United States as distributor Sony
Pictures Classics could not secure the rights to the title; it also allowed Evans
to plan out future titles in the series.[10][11] The US release of the film features
a film score composed by Mike Shinoda and Joseph Trapanese. It was released
in the United States on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on 14 August 2012. [12]
A sequel, The Raid 2, was released in 2014. Both films showcase the
traditional Indonesian martial art Pencak Silat, with fight choreography led by
Uwais and Yayan Ruhian. A third film was considered but The crew
wanted The Raid to be shot in a quasi-documentary style, that is, the camera
is handheld and without the use of Steadicam. To achieve that objective, they
shot the film in high-definition using Panasonic AF100 camcorder – which had
just recently come out of the market – and strayed from using film
format while shooting most action and fight sequences. In addition, the
camera was frequently attached to a Fig Rig to prevent most scenes from
being too jarring, and give the camera operator opportunities to change
angles and positions rapidly.[16]

All guns used in the film were Airsoft replicas, to avoid the costs associated
with having to deal with firearms. All the shots of the guns' actions cycling,
muzzle flashes and cases ejecting were added digitally. [16]

Editing[edit]
When filming concluded, about 120 minutes of footage was shot; Evans
originally intended it to be eighty to eighty-five minutes long. The footage was
eventually cut down to approximately 100 minutes. The final stages of post-
production took place in Bangkok, Thailand for the color grading and audio
mixing processes.[16]

Soundtrack[edit]
Main article:  The Raid: Redemption (soundtrack)

While the film was still in production, in May 2011, Sony Pictures Worldwide
Acquisitions acquired the distribution rights of the film for the US market and
tasked Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park and Joseph Trapanese to create a new
score.[21][22] The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film
Festival with the original score from the Indonesian version which was
composed by Aria Prayogi and Fajar Yuskemal, who also composed Evans's
previous film Merantau.[23][24] The Raid made its debut in the US with
Trapanese and Shinoda's version at Sundance 2012.[25]
Shinoda stated that his score was over 50 minutes and almost all
instrumental. After film production, he had room for two more songs, but did
not want to sing or rap, so he posted pictures of two music artists.
[26] Deftones/††† frontman Chino Moreno guest performed "RAZORS.OUT",
which was leaked online on 16 March 2012,[27] as rap group Get Busy
Committee performed "SUICIDE MUSIC" for the film.[28]
Release[edit]
The film was marketed internationally through Celluloid Nightmares, a
partnership between US-based XYZ Films and France's Celluloid Dreams.
[29] Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions acquired the film's distribution rights
for the United States, Latin America and Spain,[30][31] revised the film score,
and changed the title to The Raid: Redemption for the US release. Distribution
rights to other countries were sold to Kadokawa Pictures for Japan, Koch
Media for Germany, Alliance Films for Canada, Momentum Pictures for the
United Kingdom, Madman Entertainment for Australia, SND HGC for China,
and Calinos Fil