Basic elements to improve results

For many people, especially those who are new to it or perhaps don’t weld every
day, stick welding, otherwise known as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), is one of
the more difficult processes to learn. Experienced welders who can pick up a
stinger, pop an electrode in and lay down great welds time after time can inspire
great awe in the rest of us. They make it look easy.

The rest of us may struggle with
attention to five basic elements
angle of electrode, manipulation
short. Properly addressing these
Prepare
it, though. And we don’t have to, not if we pay
of our technique: current setting, length of arc,
of electrode and speed of travel — or CLAMS, for
five basic areas can improve your results.

While stick welding may be the most forgiving process on dirty or rusty metal,
don’t use that as an excuse for not properly cleaning the material. Use a wire
brush or grinder to remove dirt, grime or rust from the area to be welded. Ignoring
these steps hurt your chances to make a good weld the first time. Unclean
conditions can lead to cracking, porosity, lack of fusion or inclusions. While
you’re at it, make sure you have a clean spot for the work clamp. A good, solid
electrical connection is important to maintain arc quality.

Position yourself so you have a good view of the weld puddle. For the best view,
keep your head off to the side and out of the weld fumes to ensure you’re welding
in the joint and keeping the arc on the leading edge of the puddle. Make sure your
stance allows you to comfortably support and manipulate the electrode.
CLAMS

Bringing all the CLAMS points (current setting, length of arc, angle of electrode,
manipulation of the electrode, and speed of travel) together may seem like a lot to
think about while welding, but it becomes second nature with practice. Don’t get
discouraged! There is a learning curve with stick welding, which many believe got
its name because when learning how to weld, everyone sticks the electrode to the
workpiece.

Current setting: The electrode you select will determine whether your machine
should be set up in DC positive, DC negative or AC. Make sure you have it set
correctly for your application. (Electrode positive provides about 10 percent more
penetration at a given amperage than AC, while DC straight polarity, electrode
negative, welds thinner metals better.) The correct amperage setting primarily
depends on the diameter and type of electrode you select. The electrode
manufacturer usually indicates the electrode’s operating ranges on the box or
enclosed materials. Select your amperage based on the electrode (a general rule of
thumb is 1 amp for each .001-inch of electrode diameter), welding position (about
15 percent less heat for overhead work compared to a flat weld), and visual
inspection of the finished weld. Adjust your welder by 5 to 10 amps at a time,
until the ideal setting is reached.