zπBÈÁ≈ ƒV>™∫Ô^ & ƒVM‚¶ˆºkÏ

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zπBÈÁ≈ÁB
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®fl.gÏ. ¤V[ƒ[ ÷Õ]BV ÷¶›Á>© ÿ√u§Ú¬˛≈m.
62 gı| √BD... ®fl & gÏ.¤V[ƒ[ WÆk™›
][ zπBÈÁ≈ ∏ˆs[ su√Á™
®fl. gÏ. ¤V[ƒ[ ®[√m ŒÚ mÁ≈l[ mÁ© ÿ√Vm
ƒÏkº>ƒ ∏´V[| gzD. º\ÈV·Ï ]Ú. º¤Vƒ©.®. Ÿl¸
∂kÏÔÁ· ºÂˆ_ ƒÕ]›mä
1954 ä_ ®fl.gÏ. Á¶_¸ ®[≈
¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈÁ≈ >BVˆ©AÔ^
ÿ√Bˆ_ ÷Õ> tÔ©ÿ√ˆB WÆk™D
ÿ>V¶Ï√V™ sk´∫ÔÁ·
÷∫˛ÈVÕ]_ mk∫Ô©√‚¶m.
÷[–D ºÔ‚¶§Õº>VD.
1958ä_ xDÁ√l_ ®fl.gÏ. ®fl.gÏ. ¤V[ƒ[ WÆk™›
¤V[ƒ[ ÷Õ]BV WÆk™D ÿƒ´Vt¬ ][ mk¬Ô ÔVÈ k´ÈVÆ √u§¬ Ì≈
Á¶_L[ x>_ \uÆD x>[Á\ xΩ•\V?
WÆk™\VÔ mk∫Ô©√‚¶m.
""1901 gD gıΩ_
÷Õ> 62 gı|Ôπ_ ®Ï.gÏ. ÷∫˛ÈVÕ]_ mk∫˛B ®fl. gÏ. ""1998ä_ ¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈÁ≈
¤V[ƒ[ ÷Õ]B WÆk™D √_ºkÆ Á¶_¸ ∏´Vı‚ 1958ä_ ÷Õ] ∏ˆ° ∂§xÔ©√|›>©√‚¶
Ô‚¶ k·ÏflEÁB© ÿ√u§Ú¬˛≈m. BV°¬z kÕ>m. xDÁ√l_ >Vº™ º√Vm ¿Ï¬ÔE° ÷_ÈV> ∑kÏ
1998ä _ ¤V[ƒ[ √V› s_ ®fl.gÏ. ¤V[ƒ[ ÷Õ]BV Ô^ & >Á´Ô^, mÏÂVu≈D ÷_
Ωsr[ (JBD) ®[˛≈ A]B ∏ˆ° WÆk™D ÿƒ´Vt¬ Á¶_L[ ÈV> zπBÈÁ≈Ô”¬z xø
mk∫Ô©√‚¶m. x>_ \uÆD x>[Á\ WÆk™\VÔ c›>´kV>D >´ ºkı|D ®[≈
mk∫Ô©√‚¶m. Œÿ´ ŒÚ ÿ>Vau ºÂV¬˛_ mk∫Ô©√‚¶m.

T |, Ô‚¶¶›mÁ≈l_
1958 x>_ >∫Ô·m
>[MÔ´u≈ Á¶_Ô·V_ ÷Õ]BV
ƒVÁÈ ÿÔVı| mk¬Ô©√‚¶
÷ÕWÆk™D
xø¬Ô 12
>uº√Vm
ÿ>VauƒVÁÈ
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zπBÈÁ≈Ôπ[
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∂]ÂT™ zwVFÔ^, √V›
xø¬Ô >M ƒVD´V¤›Á> ¶›] ÔÁ·•D, CP ‡∏‚Ω∫zÔ”¬z ‡∏‚Ω∫¸ g˛BÁk
kÚD ®fl & gÏ.¤V[ƒ[ WÆk™D 2 ÿ>VauƒVÁÈÔÁ·•D ÿÔVı kVΩ¬ÁÔBV·ÏÔ”¬z xø
62 gı|Ô^ √V´D√ˆBD |^·m. ÷Õ> 62 gı|Ôπ_ ]Ú©]ÁB >Õ]Ú¬˛≈m.
t¬Ôm. ®Ï.gÏ. ¤V[ƒ[ ÷Õ]B
T|Ô^, ∂KkÈÔ∫Ô^,
Á¶_Ô^ >BVˆ©∏_ WÆk™D √_ºkÆ Ô‚¶
º«V‚¶_Ô^, ‚ƒ›]´ s|]
x>[Á\BV™ ®fl & gÏ. k·ÏflEÁB© ÿ√u§Ú¬˛≈m.
Ô^, kËÔ k·VÔ∫Ô^, ∂´∑
¤V[ƒ[ WÆk™D ∏uÔVÈ›]_ ¤V[ƒ[ Á¶_Áv ÿ√VÆ›>
zπBÁÈÁ≈ ƒV>™∫Ô^ & kÁ´ ¤V[ƒ[ Á¶_¸, ¤V[
‡∏‚Ω∫¸ >BVˆ©AÔπKD ƒ[ ÿ√VσºÈ™V, ¤V[ƒ[
\VϺ√VÁ™‚ \uÆD ¤V[ƒÏ
®[˘´V g˛B >BVˆ©AÔ^
∂Á™›m kÁÔ Ô‚|
\V™∫Ô”¬zD >Á´ \uÆD ∑kÏ
√´©AÔ”¬z tÔ°D ∞u≈Ák.
1998 x>_ ¤V[ƒ[ √V›‘D¸
∏ˆs_ √V› ‡∏‚Ω∫¸, ƒVM‚¶ˆ
ºkÏ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^, zwVFÔ^,
º√V[≈kuÁ≈•D >BVˆ¬Ô
mk∫˛Bm. ¤V[ƒ[ √V›‘DL[
˛º´¸ √V› ºÔ∏º™‚ (Grace Bath
Cabinet)\uÆD ®ÈÿÔ[¸ ˛flƒ[
E∫¬, (Elegance Kitchen Sink) ‘∏
˛flƒ[ E∫¬, (Ruby Kitchen Sink)
g˛BÁk kËÔ Z]BVÔ t¬Ô ÿ√ˆB
ÿku§ÁB© ÿ√u§Ú¬˛≈m''.
∞uÿÔ™ºk √È ∏´Vı|Ô^
]Ú. º¤Vƒ©. ®. Ÿl¸,
mÁ© ÿ√Vm º\ÈV·Ï äsu√Á™,
ƒÕÁ>l_ ÷Ú©√>V_ ¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈ >tµÂV| & ÔÏÂV¶ÔV
Á≈Ô”¬z ÷ÚÕ> ƒkV_Ô^ ®[™? ¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈÁ≈ ä ∏ˆ°
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zπBÈÁ≈Ô^, ƒÏkº>ƒ >´›]_
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ÿƒÈka˛≈m.
z§©√VÔ ÔakÁ≈
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√B[√V‚|¬ Ô‚¶¶∫Ô^ ®™ ∂Á™›m kÁÔ Ô‚¶¶∫Ô”¬zD ∞u≈ √‚ΩÚ¬zD 360 Ω˛ˆ ºÔV›]_
√V› ‡∏‚Ω∫¸, √V› ºÔ∏ÿ™‚, √_kÁÔBV™ ƒVM‚¶ˆ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ ∏·¥∫ gÔ¬ÌΩB AmÁ\
\uÆD zwVFÔÁ· Ô¶Õ> 22 gı|Ô·VÔ ¤V[ƒ[ √V›‘D¸ ∏ˆ° BV™ ∂Á\©A ]´k \uÆD
>BVˆ›m kw∫z˛≈m. ]¶¬ Ôa°ÔÁ· tÔfl ∑›>\VÔ
¤V[ƒ[ √V›‘DL[ √È >´©√‚¶ >BVˆ©AÔ”¬zÿ√Vm ∂©A≈©√|›m˛≈m.
\¬Ô^, ∏_¶ÏÔ^ \uÆD ∂´∑ Œ©√Õ>>V´ÏÔ^ ÷Á¶ºB WÁÈBV™ ÷Õ]BVs_ \‚|\_È
ÿ√Ú›> k´ºkuA c^·m. cÈÿÔ∫zD ®ÁÈ‚ \¬Ô^
¤V[ƒ[ √V› ‘DL[ E≈©√Dƒ∫Ô^ √u§ ÌÆ∫Ô^ ? ¤V[ƒ[ ÷[¶ÏºÂi™_
""1998 ä _ ¤V[ƒ[ √V› Ωsr[ (JBD) ®[˛≈ A]B ∏ˆ° zπBÈÁ≈ ƒV>™∫ÔÁ·ºB
mk∫Ô©√‚¶m. sÚDA˛≈VÏÔ^. ∂>[ ÔıÔkÏ
\Ô›>V™ gflƒÏBD (Adorability), \Vu§ ∂Á\¬Ô¬ ÌΩB kΩkÁ\©A º>Vu≈xD kΩkÁ\©AD
(Adaptability) \okV™ sÁÈ (Affordability) ÷ku§[ ŒÚ∫˛ÁÕ> \¬ÔÁ· >[ √Vu ÔkÏ˛≈m''.
º>Vu≈D >V[ ¤V[ƒ[ √V›‘D¸. zπB_ ®[≈V_ rkÏÔ”¬z √V›
÷>[ JÈD >´\V™, ∑ÔV>V´\V™ zπBÈÁ≈ \uÆD, ¶©Luz x>_ ÷¶xı|. ¤V[ƒ[
Ôa©√Á≈¬z º>ÁkBV™ ∂Á™›m kÁÔ ƒV>™∫Ô^, ‡∏‚Ω∫zÔ^, zπBÈÁ≈l_ ∂m√u§...
ƒVM‚¶ˆ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^, ¬º·Vÿƒ‚¸ (‡©º·VÏ ÿ\·[¶‚ zº·Vƒ‚ ""gD. rkÏL_ ®∫Ôπ¶D
(Floor Mounted Closets), kV_ «V∫ zº·Vƒ‚ (Wall Hung Closets), ÷Õ]B √È kÁÔÔ^ cı|. ®ÁÈ‚
ÔakÁ≈¬ ºÔV©Á√Ô^ (Orissa Pans), kVi º√­¥[Ô^ (Wash Basins with ÿ´F[ rkϸ (Elite Rain Showers),
Full and Half Pedestal), RˆB™_Ô^ (Urinals), √V› ¶©¸ (BathTubs), rkϸ g©Ω\V rkϸ (Optima Showers),
(Showers) g˛BkuÁ≈ ÿÔVı¶ ŒÚ∫˛ÁÕ> ¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈÁ≈
ƒV>™∫Ô^ kVΩ¬ÁÔBV·Ï ÷Á¶ºB Â[\]©Á√ ÿ√u§Ú¬˛≈m.
÷kuÁ≈ >BVˆ©√>uÔV™ ∏´›ºBÔ\V™ ÷Ú ÿ>Vau ƒVÁÈÔÁ·
÷Õ]BVsºÈºB √‚Ω \uÆD ƒVD√V g˛B √z]Ôπ_ ÷B∫˛
kÚ˛[≈™. ÷Ák gı| Œ[Ƭz 1.6 t_oB[ ®ıˬÁÔl_
>BVˆ¬Ô ÌΩB cu√›]›]≈º™V| ÿƒB_√‚| kÚ˛≈m.
ÔıΩ©√V™ >´¬Ô‚|©√V| JÈD ∂]ÂT™ ÿ>Vau O‚√›m¶[
cÈÔ› >´D kVFÕ> ¤V[ƒ[ √V› ‘DL[ >BVˆ©AÔ^, ŒÀÿkVÚ
T‚ΩKD c[™>\V™ zπBÈÁ≈ÔÁ· cÚkV¬z˛[≈™.
zπBÈÁ≈ \uÆD, Ôa©√Á≈¬z º>ÁkBV™ ∂Á™›m kÁÔ
ƒV>™∫Ô^, zwVFÔ^, ‡∏‚Ω∫zÔ^, ƒVM‚¶ˆ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ ®™
ŒÀÿkV[ƬzD ÂV∫Ô^ z§©∏‚¶ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô”¬z ∞u≈VÏ º√VÈ 2
gı|Ô^ x>_ 5 gı|Ô^ kÁ´ c›>´kV>D >Ú˛º≈VD''.
{kÏ ÿ«‚ r1kϸ (Over Head
Showers), «V[‚ rkϸ (Hand-
Showers) º√V[≈ √È kÁÔÔ^
¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈÁ≈l_ cı|.
º\KD rkϸ¬z º>ÁkBV™
c√© ÿ√VÚ‚Ô·V™ rkÏ gÏD
(Shower Arm)& \u≈ mÁ©
ÿ√VÚ‚Ô”D ƒÏkº>ƒ>´›]_
®∫Ôπ¶D ˛Á¶¬zD.
√V› ¶©¸ ÿ√VÆ›>kÁ´,
‡©Z ¸¶V[Ω∫ √V› ¶©¸
(Free Standing Bath tubs), \_Ω
‡√∫r[ √V› ¶©¸ (Multi Func-
tion Bath Tubs) g˛B™ ¤V[ƒ[
zπBÈÁ≈l_ E≈©A kVFÕ>
∂∫Ô\VzD. º\KD, √V› ¶©Á√
¿ˆ™V_ W´©√¬ÌΩB kV‚¶Ï
‡∏_ÈÏ (Bath Tub Filler) ÔÚsÔ”D
∂] ÂT™ º>Vu≈›]_ ¤V[ƒ[
zπBÈÁ≈ ∏ˆ° >BVˆ›m
>Ú˛≈m.
º\KD mÚ© ∏Ω¬ÔV>, >twÔ›]_ ¤V[ƒ[ √V›‘D¸ su√Á™© √u§ ÌÆ∫Ô^ ?
√VE √ΩBV> xø¬Ô xø¬Ô ""÷Õ]BV xøkmD ®∫Ô·m su√Á™BV·ÏÔ^ 3,600 ¬z º\_
∏›>Á·BV_ g™ zwVFÔ^ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ^. >twÔ›]_ \Vk‚¶D \uÆD ªÏ kVˆBVÔ 300 ¬zD
&‡∏‚Ω∫¸ ÿÔVı| ¤V[ƒ[ º\_ ®∫Ô^ \]©At¬Ô su√Á™BV·ÏÔ^ & œÈÏÔ^ c^·™Ï.
zπBÈÁ≈ ƒV>™∫Ô^ ŒÀÿkVÚ ÿƒ[Á™lKD, ºÔVÁklKD ¤V[ƒ[ WÆk™›][ ºÂ´Ω ∂–√k
zπBÁÈÁ≈lKD WÁÈ WÆ›>© WÁÈB∫Ô^ (Experience Centre) c^·™.
√|˛≈m''. ®∫Ôπ¶D zπBÁÈÁ≈ zwVFÔ^, ‡∏‚Ω∫¸, ƒV>™∫Ô^,
¤V[ƒ[ zπBÁÈÁ≈ ÔÚsÔ^, ƒVM‚¶ˆ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ ®™ ŒÀÿkVÚ kÁÔÁB•D
ƒV>™∫Ôπ[ cu√›] >´D √u§.. ®|›m¬ÿÔVı¶V_ ∂]_ ŒÀÿkV[§KD ±uƬÔ¬ÔV™ \V¶_
""®\m ŒÀÿkVÚ Ô^, ∂·°Ô^ \uÆD ºku√‚¶ sÁÈl_ c∫Ô^ sÚ©√›
>BVˆ©AÔ”D ]≈Á\BV™ >´¬ ]uz ∞u≈ ÿ√VÚ‚ÔÁ· kV∫ÔxΩ•D ∂Õ> ∂·suz ®∫Ôπ¶D
Ô‚|©√V‚| zøs™´V_ Ôk™ ÿkÁ´‚ΩBV™ g©r[Ô^ c^·™. ®]ÏÔVÈ›]_ ˛ÚtÔ^ ∂u≈
\VÔ √ˆºƒV]¬Ô©√|˛[≈™. >ıßÏ √B[√V| zÁ≈Õ> ∑uÆflÛw_ ÔV¬Ô¬ ÌΩB ∂]ÂT™
∂Á™›m >BVˆ©AÔ”D cBÏ zπBÈÁ≈ \uÆD ÔakÁ≈ÔÁ· cÚkV¬zkm ®[√m >V[ ®∫Ô·m
ÿ>Va_O‚√ c√Ô´∫ÔÁ·© ºÂV¬ÔD'' ®[≈VÏ º¤Vƒ©. ®. Ÿl¸ ∂kÏÔ^.
√B[√|›] ƒÏkº>ƒ >´›]_ ¤V[ƒ[ zπBÈÁ≈ ∏ˆs[ √_kÁÔ ƒV>™∫ÔÁ· ºÂ´ΩBVÔ
>´WÏBD ÿƒFB©√|˛[≈™''. Ôı¶§B, ˇµÔVbD ®¬¸¨ˆB[¸ ÿƒ[¶ÏÔ”¬z sE‚ ∂Ω•∫Ô^.

ÿƒ[Á™ : ®ı. 82, 84, √V¸Ô[ º\Ú , x>_

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044- 28544116.
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√u§Bm.
ÿ√VmkVÔ >ÁÈÁ\© √>s
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ÿƒVÕ> WÆk™›][ >ÁÈkÏ,
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WÏkVÔD, √ËBV·ÏÔ^, √È
Ì‚¶Á\©AÔπ[ >ÁÈÁ\
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∏ˆ¬ÔÈVD.
c∫Ô^ z|D√D \uÆD
WÆk™›][ >ÁÈÁ\ ¿∫Ô^
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÷BÈVm. g™V_, \u≈ ÿ√Vm
kÁÔ©√V|Ôπ[ >ÁÈÁ\
√>sÔ^ ŒÀÿkVÚ ÔVÈÔ‚¶›] √>s¬ºÔu√., ÔıËB›m¶–D \uÆD cBÏ √>sl_
KD ŒÀÿkVÚ g‚Ô”¬zD Â|WÁÈ•¶–D √ËBVu§ >V[ ÷Ú©√kÏÔ^ ∂©√Ω ÿƒB_
\VÆD. ÷m >uÔVoÔ\V™m √>sºBu≈ ÔVÈ›]_ >[™V_ √|km ˛Á¶BVm. ÷[–D
>V[. xΩÕ> ∂·° kÁ´ E≈©A¶[ \VWÈD ∂·sÈV™ √>s ®[–D
ÿ√VmkVÔ ÿ>Va_ ƒVÏÕ> √È ]‚¶∫ÔÁ· k˛›m ∂>Á™ º√Vm >™¬z \‚|D E≈©A
ƒ∫Ô∫Ôπ[ >ÁÈkÏÔ^, WÁ≈ºku≈ √V|√¶ºkı|D. ÿÔVDAÔ^ xÁ·›m s‚¶>VÔ
ÿƒBÈV·ÏÔ^ √>sÔ”¬z ®kÏ ∂m >V[ ∂ƒ_ >ÁÈÁ\. ÷m ÔÚ] ∂Á> Ák›m, ∂kÏÔ^
ºkı|\V™VKD º√V‚Ωl‚| º√VÈ √ËBVuƺkVÏÔ^ √VÏ©º√VÁ´ÿB_ÈVD x‚¶
√>s ∂Á¶BÈVD. ∂©√Ω©√¶ ÔVÈD Ô¶ÕmD ÿÔVı¶V¶© WÁ™©√m ÿ√ÚD ÂÁÔ©A¬z
ÛµWÁÈÔπ[ >V[ k˛¬zD √|kVÏÔ^. cˆB>V˛ s|D.
∞ÿ™M_, ∂kÏÔ^ >M ŒÚ g‚º¶Vÿ\VÁ√_ c]ˆ
\M>ÏÔ^ ∂_ÈÏ. ƒ∫Ô ∏´] √VÔ∫Ô^ ÿ>V¶Ï√V™ ƒ∫Ô›][
W]Ô^ >∫Ô^ ƒ∫Ô›][ xÔD >ÁÈkÏ, ∂kÏ ÿ√BÏ ºÔVÁk ´V\
∂kÏÔ^ >V[. ∂kÁ´ Ák›m ƒVt ®™ Ák›m¬ ÿÔV^ºkVD.
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xU rpwe;j fl;bl nghwpahsUf;F kpfTk;
Kf;fpak; Neu Nkyhz;ik jhd;. xU fl;blk;
Kbf;f Kjypy; fhyq;fs; (Base Schedule)
mtrpakhfpwJ. xU fl;blk; njhq;ftjhy; Kd; rhjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; NkNyhq;fp
mf;fl;blj;jpw;F Kjypy; Base Schedule my;yJ epw;f;Fk; Mdhy; mDgtKs;s nghwpahsh;fs;
Programme Chant nub nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; jd;Dila mDgtj;jpd; %yk; epiwa njhpe;J
Kf;fpakhf itj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. vdNt> ,sk; nghwpahsh;fs;
1. ve;j Ntiyf;F vj;jid ehl;fs;. ve;j xU Project nra;Ak; NghJ mDgtKs;s
2. ve;j Ngiy eilngWk; NghJ mNj nghwpahsh;fspd; MNyhrid Nfl;L nra;a
fl;blj;jpy; ve;j ve;j Ntiyfs; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; ntl;fNkh> MztNkh
KbAk;. Njitapy;iy. rpy Neuq;fspy; Vl;L Ruq;fha;
fwpf;F cjhtJ vd;gJ Nghy mike;J tpLk;.
3. ,aw;if rPw;wq;fSf;f Vw;g Schedule
gbg;ig tpl mDgtq;fs; me;j fl;bl nghwpah-
mikjj;jy;
siu rpwe;j fl;bl nghwpahsh;fshf khw;Wk;.
4. gzpahsh;fis ve;j ve;j Neuj;jpy; gzp
mth;fSila mDgtq;fis ePq;fs; fw;f
fis mikj;jy; (Shift System)
NehpLk;.
5. fl;bl nghUl;fis ve;j ve;j Neuj;jpy;
Kf;fpa njhopy; #l;kq;fs;
Nrfhpg;gJ.
1. Neu Nkyhz;ik
6. ve;j Ntiy tiu gpy; thq;FtJ.
2. Gjpa njhopy; El;gq;fs;
,e;j khjphp Kd; $l;ba fhy msT-
3. Ma;T fl;Liufs; thrpj;jy;
fis eph;zak; nra;J fl;bl Ntiy
fis nra;jy; kl;LNk me;j fl;bl 4. fl;bl nghUl;fspd;
nghwpahsUf;F rpukk; ,d;wp gzp tpiy tpj;jparq;fs; (Quotation)
fis Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. 5. nghUl;fspd; juk;
nghwpahsh;fs; njhpe;J nfhs;s 6. etPd fl;bl nghUl;fis
Ntz;ba njhopy; #l;Rkq;fs; GFj;jy;
mDgtKs;s nghwpahsh; 7. fl;bl rk;ge;jkhd
fSf;Fk;> ,sk; nghwpahsh; nghUl;fhl;rpf;F nrd;W
fSf;Fk; epiwa NtWghLfs; tptukw;jy;
cs;sJ. ,sk; nghwpahsh;fSf;F 8. Kd; fhl;bNa tiu
gbj;J Kbj;jTld; epiwa glq;fs;> Structural, Design,
Elevation, gad;gLj;Jk; nghUl;fspd;

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[| ∞©´_ 2019 | 64

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msTfs; Mfpatw;iw
jPh;khdpj;jy;.
9. ey;y jukhd Ntiy Ml;fis
epWTjy;
10. Building Supervisor Ntiy
fis fz;fhzpj;jy;
11. Njh;e;njLf;Fk; epWtdj;jpd; my;yj
jd; egNuh mtiu KOikahf njhpe;J
nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.
12. gz ghpth;j;jid Kd; $l;bNa 11. Structural Design KOikahf filgpbf;f
jpl;lkpLjy;. Ntz;Lk;
12. mUfpYs;s ePh;epiyfs;> NkL> gs;sq;fs;>
xU fl;Lkhdk; ePbj;j MAisg; ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; ePh; top jlq;fs;> Mfpatw;iw Kd; $l;ba
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba fl;Lkhd Kiwfs; rh;Nt nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
,d;W fl;bl Jiwapy; njhopy; El;gk; 13. Gjpa njhopy; El;gj;Jld; $ba
tsh;e;J tUk; epiyapy;> fl;blj;jpd; MAiy fl;bl rhjdq;fs; %yk; tYNgw gad;gLj;j
fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;
xU fl;Lkhdk; ePbj;j MAis ngw gy ,g;gb gy fhuzq;fs; %yk; xU
tiffs; cs;sJ. fl;Lkhdk; ePbj;j MAis ngw itf;f KbAk;.
1. ,lk; kw;Wk; kz; tsk; gw;wp njhpe;J fl;bl rk;ge;jkhf fl;Liufis Ma;Tfis
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; (Soil Test) Nkw;nfhz;L mika ngWk; xU fl;Lkhdk;
2. me;j fl;blj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jk; ePz;L MAis ngWk; vd;gjpy; ma;akpy;iy.
nghUl;fspd; msT kw;WK; juk; gw;wp Ma;T
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
3. me;j fl;bj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; njhopyhsh;fs;
jFjpahd Kiwapy; gzpfis nra;a itf;f ÿ√V§.ºÔ. p>Ï
Ntz;Lk;. √´› ∏_¶Ï¸
4. gzpapy; mkh;j;j $ba irl; #g;gh;itrh;
juKs;s egh;fshf gzpapy; mkh;j;j Ntz;Lk;
kw;Wk; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
“ek; midtUf;FNk nfhLj;Js;s
5. fl;bl nghUl;fis Ma;t $lj;pjy; Neuk; 24 kzp Neuk;. ,ij rhpahd Kiwapy;
(lab Test) nra;Jtpl;L gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
tFj;J> jpl;lkpl;L> fhyf;nfL KbT nra;J
6. Kf;fpakhf jz;zPhpd; juj;ij njhpe;J mij Kiwahf nray;gLj;Jjy;.” ,J midj;J
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. njhopw;JiwfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk; vd;whYk; fl;bl
7. Cement Mortor, Concrete Nghd;w Ntiy nghwpahsh;fSf;F kpfTk; mtrpakhd xd;whf
fspy; rhpahd tpfpjj;jpy; (Ratio) tpy; Kiwgb fUJfpNwd;. xU fl;blk; fl;b Kbf;f vt;tsT
fye;J gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. fhyk; Njit vd;gJ> me;j fl;blj;jpd; msT
8. Cement Planter, Brick Work, concrete Nghd;w vj;jid khbfs;> mjpy; cs;s NtiyghLfs;
rptpy; Ntiyfspy; Njitahd Nfhpq; mtrpak; vd;d vd;gij nghUj;J khWgLk;.
filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt rhpahd Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs; xU
9. xt;nthU Ntiyf;Fk; Njitahd fhy fl;blk; Kbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;why; Neuj;ijAk;>
,ilngwp tpl;L Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk; fhyj;ijAk; Kd;$l;bNa jpl;lkply; vd;gJ
10. me;j me;j ,lq;fspd; jl;gntl;g mtrpakhFk;. rhp ,J xUGwk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;
epiyf;F Vw;g. kw;Wk; ,aw;if rPw;wq;fis Kd; ,t;thW tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jpl;lk; xU nghwpah-
$l;ba jpl;lkpl;L me;j fl;blj;ij eph;zapf;f suhy; nray;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;>

∏_¶Ï¸ ÁÈ[ | ∞©´_ 2019 | 65

 mjw;F nghwpahsh; rpy fl;blk; Fwpg;gpl;l fhy nfLTf;Fs;
mbg;gil tp~aq;fis fl;b Kbg;gjw;Fk;> Njitaw;w
filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. eph;thf nryTfis Fiwf;fTk;
fhyk; jtwhik VJthf ,Uf;Fk;.
kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd gz;G> nghwpahsh; vg;NghJk; me;j
Neuk; jtwhik xU rpd;d tp~ak; Ntiyfis Neuj;jpl;lg;gb
Nghy Njhw;wkspj;jhYk; ghiwia Kbg;gjw;F> Ntiyapy; kpFe;j
gpsf;Fk; csp Nghd;w typik <Lghl;Lld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mjw;Fz;L. “xUkzpNeuk; njhopw;Jiwapy; ve;j Jiw
rPff
; ukhf nry;tJ> xU epkplk; ahf ,Ue;jhYk;. mjpy;
jhkjkhfg; Nghtijtpl kpfr; <Lghl;Lld; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk Neu
rpwe;jJ.” vd;fpwhh; N~f;]b ; ah. Nkyhz;ikia rpwg;ghf filgpbf;f
ehk; ekJ thbf;ifahsiu KbAk;. xt;nthU ehSk; ,d;W
re;jpf;f> mth;fis fhj;jpUf;Fk;gb Kbf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Nti-
nra;ahky; rhpahd Neuj;jpy; yfs; vd;d vd;gij ml;ltid
re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Neu jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. md;W khiy
Nkyhz;ikapy; fhye;jtwhik ve;nje;j Ntiyfs; Kbe;Js;sJ.
vd;gJ jiyik gz;ghfNt ehd; ,d;Dk; vd;ndd;d Ntiyfs;
fUJfpNwd;. ghf;fp cs;sJ vd;gij Muha;eJ ;
<LghL mjw;fhd jPhT ; fis fhzKw;gl
ehk; fhy tiuaiu nra;J> Ntz;Lk;.
jpl;lkpl;lgb Ntiy fis Kbf;f> ehk; ekJ Neu Nkyhz;ikAk; nghwpahsh;fSk; vd;why;
Ntiyapy; <Lghlhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;NhJ vd;id nghWj;jtiu nghwpahshpd; gq;F Neu-
Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;Fs; Ntiyfis Kbf;f bahf ,q;F Ngrg;gLfpwJ. ,d;iwa #oypy;
Vw;gLk; ,ilA+Wfs;> rpukq;fs; ,tw;iw fPof
; z;l fhuzq;fSk; ,ij ghjpf;fpwJ.
rhJ}h;akhf rkhspj;J Ntiyia Fwpg;gpl;l r%f tiyjs gad;ghL
jpl;lg;gb Kbf;f KbAk;. ,d;iwa #oypy; rpwpath; Kjy; ngahpth;
Njitahd fhyf;nfL tiu r%f tiyjsq;fis gad;gLj;JtJ
xU Ntiyia Kbf;f Njitahd vd;gJ kpfr; rhjhuzkhd epfo;thfp tpl;lJ.
Neuj;ijtpl Fiwthd Neuj;jpy; Kbf;f ,jid rhpahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ>
Ntz;Lk; vd;w eph;ge;jk; Vw;gLk; NghJ KbahJ me;j njhopy; El;gk; ek; mwpit tsh;jJ ; f;
vd;Wk; nrhy;ypg; gof Ntz;Lk;. Vndd;why; nfhs;sTk;> md;whl cyf epfo;Tfis Nkk;gLj;jp
fl;blJiwapy; juk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. nfhs;sTk; rpwg;ghf gad;gLfpwJ. Mdhy;> mi-
cjhukhf ePuhw;Wjy; Nghd;w fl;blj;jpd; cWjp jNa nghOJNghf;F mk;rkhf ,d;W gyUk;
jd;ikia eph;zak; nra;Ak; Ntiyfs; Ki- gykzpNeuk;> Neuk; NghtJ $l njhpahky; r%f
wahf> Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; elf;f Ntz;Lk;. KbahJ tiyjsq;fspy; %o;fp fplg;gJ rhpit re;jpf;f
vd;gJ vjph;kiw thh;ji ; j vd;whYk;> ek; Jiwapy; NehpLk;.
Kf;fpak; vd;Nw fUJfpNwd;. vdNt Njitahd fl;bl njhopyhsh;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jp>
rhpahd fhyf;nfLit ek; thbf;ifahsh;fsplk; mth;fSf;F rhpahd kUj;Jt fhg;gL P trjpfs;>
Nfl;L ngw Ntz;Lk;. mtru fhyj;jpy; cjtpfs; nra;J mth;fis ey;y
ve;j xU fl;blK; Muk;gpf;Fk; Kd;> mij eyKlDk;> tsKlDk; ,Uf;fr; nra;Ak; NghJ>
Kbf;Fk; fhyj;ijAk; Kd;$l;bNa jpl;lk; jahhpf;f mth;fSk; Mh;tKlDk;> mf;fiuAlDk; Ntiy
Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ xt;nthU NtiyfSf;fk; nra;th;. ekf;F ekJ NtiyfSk; Fwpg;gpl;l
vt;tsT ehs; Njit> mjw;fhd nghUl;fs; fhyj;jpy; KbAk;. ,JTk; nghwpahsh;fSf;F ki-
vt;tsT Njit> vd;ndd;d Njit vd;gij wKfkhf Neu Nkyhz;ikapy; Kf;fpa mk;rkhf
Kd;$l;bNa fye;jha;T nra;J KbTfs; vl;bagpd; nray;gLk; vd;gij ,q;Nf gjpT nra;a
mtw;iw thq;fp itf;f Kw;gl Ntz;Lk;. flikg;gl;Ls;Nsd;.
xU Ntiy ele;J nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> Neu Nkyhz;ikapy; ve;nje;j Ntiyf;F
mjw;F ,izahd Neuj;jpy; ve;nje;j Ntiyfs; vt;tsT fhyk; Njit vd;gij KbT nra;J>
Kbf;fyhk; vd;gij ekJ fhyjpl;lk; jahhpf;Fk; nray;gLj;Jk; NghJ> ehl;fs; $LjyhfNth> Fiw
NghNj KbT nra;J me;j NtiyfSk; thfNth Kba tha;gG ; fs; cs;sJ. mijAk;
rkNeuj;jpy; elf;f jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;. ,J xU rkd;gLj;jp ntw;wp fhz Kay Ntz;Lk;.

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¿Ï¬ÔE° ∏´flƒÁ™B© √u§ Ô‚|D Ô‚¶¶›]uz ÿkÆD 10 x>_ 15 gl´D
Ôk™\VÔ ÷Ú¬Ôºkı|D. kÁ´ºB ÿƒÈ° ÿƒF>V_ ¿ı¶ ÔVÈ\V™VKD
®∫Ô^ >BVˆ©√V™ c∫Ô^ Ô‚¶›]_ ¿ÏÔE°, {>D ∞u√|>_
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÷[ Œ[ A´V¶¬‚¶VzD. ®[˛≈VÏ ƒD√›z\VÏ.º\KD sk´∫Ô‚z...
Á¶_¸ √]›>_, ∑kÏ º\u ATG Nano Systems, ®ı, 27/15, Ôy‚´_ ƒVÁÈ,
√´©∏_ ÿ√l[‚ ∂Ω›>_, ºÔV√VÈA´D ,ÿƒ[Á™ä 600 086,
ÿk>ˆ∫ºÔVϸ ∂Á\›>_ ®™ P: 9444046563, E: gsampathkumar1961@yahoo.co.in
Ô‚|\V™©√ËÔπ_ ¿∫Ô^

∏_¶Ï¸ ÁÈ[ | ∞©´_ 2019 | 65

 Ô‚¶¶ ¿Ï¬ÔE° √>‚¶›Á>¬
ÔV[˛Z‚
ÿÔV|¬zD
ÿ>V¶Ï √V›‘D ‹¬ !
fhd;fpuPl; Nkw;$iuapy; eP uf;frpT.

÷Õ> ÷>a_ zπBÈÁ≈ & ÔakÁ≈© √z]Ôπ_ ∞u√¶¬ÌΩB ¿Ï¬ÔEsÁ™© √u§ ÔVıº√VD.
K f;fpakha; ePuf
; f
; rpitr; re;jpg;gJ Fspayiw kw;Wk; foptiwg;gFjpfspYs;s
jiuj;jsg; gFjpfshFk;. ,q;F kio ePu; gpur;rid ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> ehk; md;whLk;
fl;blj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; gy; NtW gzpfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; jz;zuP ; xU
gpur;ridahfp gyUf;F jPuf ; f
; Kbahj ngUk; jiy typahfp tpLfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf>
mLf;F khbf; fl;blq;fspy; ,g;gpur;rpid kpFe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F ePuf ; f
; rptpw;Ff;
fhuzkhd Nky;js cupikahsu; ve;j gpur;ridAkpd;wp kfpo;rr ; paha; tho;eJ ;
nfhz;bUg;ghu;. Mdhy; fPoj ; j; sj;jpy; trpg;gtu;> ePuf; f
; rptpdhy; Vw;gLk; gy;tif
,d;dy;fisr; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;.
NkYk; Fspayiwg;gFjpapy;> fopTePuf ; ; Foha;fs; gjpg;gjw;F Vw;g> jsf;$iuapy;
njhl;baikg;Gfs; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;njhl;bfs; ngUk;ghYk; nrq;fy; fl;bfshYk;>
tPzhd cile;j fl;blg; nghUl;fshYk; epug;gg; gLfpd;wd. foptiwf; fpz;zq;fs;
kw;Wk; ,izg;Gf; Foha;fs; Nrjkile;J ntspNaWk; jz;zi P u ,g;nghUl;fs;
cwpQ;rp> mJ fPOs;s ghsj;jpw;Fs; Gf topNaw;gLj;JfpwJ. rpy Neuq;fspy; njhl;b
KOikAk; ePu; Njq;fp epw;Fk; epiyAk; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd R+oypy; gOJ ePfF ; g;
gzp rw;W fbdkhtJld; kpFe;j gzr; nryitAk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.
optiwfSf;nfd ,t;thwhd njhl;baikg;Gfs; mikf;Fk; NghJ Nghjpa
mstpy; Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; ,g;gpur;ridfs;
vohky; XusT jLf;fyhk;. Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffs; vJTkpd;wp mikf;fg;
gl;l njhl;baikg;Gfspy; ePuf ; f; rpT Vw;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mJ vt;thW rup nra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;gijf; fPNo fhzyhk;.

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[| ∞©´_ 2019 | 64

 10. fhd;fpuPl; kw;Wk; G+r;R Ntiyfs; 7
®.∏. ∂Ú^\VˬÔD ehl;fSf;fhtJ eidf;fg;gLtJ ey;yJ.
kΩk\©A© ÿ√V§BV·Ï
midj;J gzpfSf;Fk; NghN]hyhdh rpnkz;l;
x[™V^ x>_kÏ, ∂´∑
√_ÿ>VauO‚√ Ô_Ÿˆ, cupa ePuf
; rpT vjpu;gG
; $l;Lg;nghUs; fye;J gad;
>´\Ë, ÿƒ[Á™ gLj;JtJ ed;W.
,t;tikg;G Kiw fPo; fhZk; glj;jpy;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. foptiwapYs;s fpz;zq;fs;> jiu
(ÿ>V¶ÚD)
XLfs; kw;Wk; njhl;bapy; epug;gg; gl;Ls;s
mj;jid nghUl;fSk; KOikaha; cilj;J
mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
2. jz;zuP ; rg;isf; Foha;fspy; Fiwe;jJ
6 fp.fp/rJu nrkP vd;w mstpyhd mOj;jj;jpy;
ePu; nrYj;jp> vq;fhtJ frpT Vw;gLfpwjh vdr;
Nrhjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ Nghy fopT ePu; tbFohap
Yk; ntspNaWk; thia ed;F milj;J tpl;L>
cl; GFk; thapy; xU Fohia Fj;jhf nghUj;jp>
mjpy; 2 my;yJ 3 mb cauj;jpw;F ePu; epug;gp> 48
kzp Neuj;jpw;F epWj;jp> Foha;fspNyh mtw;wpd;
,izg;GfspNyh frpT Vw;gLfpwjh vdr; Nrhjpf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
ePuf
; rpT fhzg;gl;lhy; mJ rup nra;ag;
upay; v];Nll;
glNth> Foha;fs; khw;wg; glNth Ntz;Lk;.
KjyPlb; y; yhgk; ghu;fF
; k; cj;jpfs; ..
,f;Foha;fs; fopT ePu; Njq;fhky; XLtjw;Nfw;g xU tPli ; lNah> kidiaNah KjyPlL ; f;fhf
cupa rha;Tld; nghUj;jg;gLtJ mtrpak;. thq;Ftjhf ,Ue;jhy; Fiwe;jJ 5-7 Mz;Lfs;
fopj;Jjhd; mjd; kjpg;G caUk; vd;gij
3. ghsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;G ed;F Rj;jk;
Kjypy; Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vdNt>
nra;ag;gl;L> Foha;fs; my;yJ jiuapy; ,Ue;J
thq;fpa clNdNa tpiyNaw;wj;ijg; gw;wp
frpe;J ,wq;Fk; ePu>; frpT ePut ; b Fohia Nehf;fp
ftiyg;glj; Njitapy;iy.
tpiue;J XLk; tifapy; 1:48 rha;tpy; 1.5 mq;Fy
ruhrup fdj;jpy; 1:1.5:3 tpfpj rpnkz;l; fhd;fpuPl; tPlL
; f;F mUfpy;> mjpfgl;rk; 5 fpNyh
gLif mikf;fg; gl Ntz;Lk;. ,f; fhq;fpuPlb ; y; kPll; u; Rw;wsTf;Fs; gs;spfs;> kUj;Jtkid>
ePu; frpT vjpu;gG ; $l;Lg;nghUs; fyg;gJ tpw;gidafq;fs; cs;spl;l trjpfs;
mtrpak;.. ,Uf;fpd;wdth vdg; ghu;ff ; Ntz;Lk;. epyj;jb
ePu; gad;ghl;Lf;Fupajhf ,Uf;fpwjh> FbePu;
4. njhl;bg;gFjpapd; Rtu;fs;> kw;Wk;
trjp ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gijnay;yhk; ghu;ff ;
jiug;gFjp ghypku; fye;j 1:3 rpnkz;l; fyit
Ntz;Lk;.
ahy; 18 kp kP fdj;jpw;Fg; G+rg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
tPlL
; f;Fr; nry;Yk; ghijfs;> NgUe;J> uapy;
5. ,t;thW G+rg;gl;l gug;gpd; kPJ ,U
Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; ed;whf ,Uf;fpd;wdth
mLf;F jhu; G+rg;glyhk;. my;yJ ghypku; fye;j
vd;gij ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tPli ; l tpiyf;F
rpnkz;l; ghy; G+r;R G+rg;glyhk;.
thq;fp> mij thliff;FtpLk; gl;rj;jpy;>
6. ntspr;Rtupy; ,lg;gl;l Jthuj;jpd; topNa FbNaw thlifjhuu;fs; fpilg;ghu;fsh vd;Wk;
miu mq;Fy mstpyhd frpT ePu; tbFoha; ghu;ff ; Ntz;Lk;. tsu;rr ; p milaf;$ba
xd;W ntspg;Gwk; Nehf;fp rha;thd epiyapy; gFjpapy; tPL mike;jpUf;fpwjh vd;gijj;
nghUj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. njupe;Jnfhs;tJk; mtrpak;.;
7. ,jd; kPJ 6 mq;Fy fdj;jpw;F xNu
msT (20 kp kP) nfhz;l cil fw;fshyhd
tbg;ghd; mLf;F mikf;fg; glNtz;Lk;.
8. njhl;bapd; vQ;rpa cauk; 1:5:10 Nghd;w
typikaw;w fhq;fpuPll ; hy; epug;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
9. ,Wjpahf> jiu XLfs; xl;lg;gl;L>
nts;is rpnkz;l; nfhz;L ,izg;Gfs;
milf;fg; gLfpd;wd.
∏_¶Ï¸ ÁÈ[ | ∞©´_ 2019 | 65
 \´A¬Ô‚|\V™D
∑kÁ´¬ Ô‚¶
ÿ√V§. «ˆ∏´ƒV›, ~º´V|

\ıbD
\ı ƒVÏÕ>
Ô‚|\V™xD!
G+r;R Ntiyf;F igrh nry;ytpy;iy fuLKulhd fUq;fy; mbj;jsk;
NjitAkpy;iy.. biu ug;gps; krhdup
nghJthf tPli
; l ghf;f tu el;Gfs;>
cwtpdu;fs; tPlL; cupikahsiu fpz;ly; tP lb; d; mbj;jsj;ij fuL Kulhd
gz;zpUtq;fNsh vd;W fjT kw;Wk; [d;dy; fUq;fw;fis nfhz;L fyit ,d;wp ,J Nghy
Kidfs;>$iufs;>gPkf ; s;>n~y;Gfs; vd;W mLf;fp fl;Lk; Kiwf;F jhd; dry rubble masonry
rpy ,lq;fs; kl;LkhtJ G+rptpLthu;fs; kuGf; vd ngau;.fuL Kulhd fw;fs; xd;Wld; xd;W
fl;Lkhd tpUk;gpfs;. gpize;J nfhs;tjhy; fl;blj;jpw;F Njitahd
RtiuAk; nfhQ;rk; kl;lkhf Ntz;Lk; gpizg;G fyit ,d;wp fpilf;fpwJ.
vd;gjw;fhf “Nla; nrq;fy;iy J}f;F tpl;L Nfushtpy; ,k;Kiwapy; ,d;Wk; mbj;jsk;
fl;L>nyty; ghU> xOf;fkhf kl;lNfhy; NghL mikf;fpwhu;fs;.
vd;W fj;jp fj;jpNa ekf;F gpgp vwpLk;. '. ,jw;F rpnkz;l; ,y;iy>
ehd; fl;Lk; kuGf; fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F nrq;fy;Yk; kzy; ,y;iy>
10>12 &gha;fF ; ey;y fy;yhf thq;FNtd;. kz; Njit ,y;iy>
mjdhy; nryit Fiwf;f Kbatpy;iy.
Vd; jz;zuP ; $l Njit ,y;iy.
mz;ikapy; xU tPli
; lg; ghu;jN
; jd;. Mdhy; ,ij fl;l rupahd Ntiyahl;fs;
G+r;RNtiy nra;ahj tPL. ,q;F xU rpd;d Njit.
,lKk; G+rTk; ,y;iy>rhjhuz fl;Lj;jhd;
fyit nfhz;L fl;Lk; fl;blk; vt;tsT
,Ue;Jk; RtUk; mt;tsT kl;lkhfTk; ,y;iy>
cWjpahdNjh mNj msT ,JTk; cWjpahdJ.
ey;y Kjy ju fy;yhfTk; njupatpy;iy.Mdhy;
tPL gpukpg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.nryTk; ,y;iy. ntup-
Fl;. ,g;gbj;jhd; nryT Fiwf;fZk;..
,j;jid Ntiyfs; nra;Jk; ,e;j kf;fis
vd;dhy; ,e;j Kiwf;F khw;w Kbatpy;iy.
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk; itf;fKbatpy;iy.
VNjh ,e;j interlocking fw;fs; Gz;zpaj;jpy;
tz;b XLfpwJ.,g;gbj;jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;W
rpyu; Nfl;lhYk; Ntiy gOTf;F gae;J
xj;Jf;nfhs;tJk; ,y;iy. ,d;nlu;Nyhf;fpy;
vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; Rtu; moF fpilg;gjhy; ghu;l;bfs;
(Kf;fpakhf tPl;L ngz;fs;) `hg;gp.

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[| ∞©´_ 2019 | 64

 typikahdjh uhk;l; vu;j; ?
kl; gpshf; nra;Ak;
Gjpa Kiw
nghJthf ,e;j mud
g;shf;fpw;F vy;NyhUk; ,Jtiu
rpnkz;il gad;gLj;jpjhd; fw;fs; cw;gj;jp
nra;thu;fs;. Mdhy;> ehq;fs; KOf;f 10 rjk;
Rz;zhk;G> fLf;fha; jz;zp> ehl;L ru;ff ; iu
jz;zp nfhz;L kl;LNk fw;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;J
cs;Nshk;.
Kjy; Kiw Nghl;l NghJ kz;iz
rypf;ftpy;iy.mjdhy; epidj;jgb
fw;fspd; juk; tutpy;iy.
Rammed earth vd;why; vd;d? kz;iz ,bj;J
xU ];jpukhd tiu cUthf;FtJ. rpd;d rpd;d
(kz; ePupy; fiuatpy;iy
fw;fshy; Rtu; vOg;gp ePqf ; s; ghu;jj
; pUg;guP f; s;. xU
Mdhy; vjpu;ghu;jj ; cWjp
Ntis me;j Rtu; nkhj;jKk; xNu fy; khjpup
jd;ik ,y;iy).nghup ngh-
,Ue;jhy;? mJ jhd; rhu; – Rammed earth
upahf; cjpu;eJ; vupr;riy
Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;j kz; fl;Lkhdk; gw;wpa Njly; Muk;gpj;j
gpd;G ,e;j nlf;dhy[p Nky xU jdp <u;gG ; cz;L
mLj;j Kaw;rpahf
vq;fSf;F. vg;gblh ,J? kz;z kl;Lk; ,bf;fw
ehq;fs; kz;iz rypj;J
,e;j rpd;d tp~aj;j tr;R> ngupa RtUq;f nra;a
fw;fis jahupj;Njhk;. rpwg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.
KbAk;. tPlL ; f;Fs;s xU ,jk; nfhLf;Fk;. gy
ePqf
; Sk; Kaw;rpf;fyhk;. nrk;ik rpf;fdk;.
epwq;fs;y> pattern fs;y tpjtpjkhd Rtu; vOg;gwJf;F
,jg;gj;jp Ngrpd clNd Kjy;y vy;yhUk; Nff;fw
tp~ak;. mJ vg;gbq;f kz;z ,br;R ];lu; hq;fh
Rtu; fl;l KbAk;D?
,e;j nlf;dhy[pa ntr;R gw;gy fhyfl;lq;fspy;
rpy gy fpNyhkPll ; Uf;F rPdg; ngUQ;Rtu; fl;bUf;fhq;f.
mJTk; gy E}W tU~q;fsh kz;zupg;g fLk;
jl;gntl;g epiyfs;y jhf;Fg;gpbr;RUf;F.
,e;j njhopEl;gj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l ,uz;lLf;F
tPL. ,izajsj;jpy; ,Ue;J cq;fs; ghu;itf;F.

∏_¶Ï¸ ÁÈ[ | ∞©´_ 2019 | 65

 ÿ>V¶Ï ä 7
√Ël¶ º\ÈVıÁ\ A´Vÿ¤¬Ω[ ÿ√ÚÁ\l_
v];. rptuhkd; ]‚¶ º\ÈVıÁ\
xU jpl;lj;jpd; Nkyhz;ikf;fhd Nfhl;ghLfs;
njhlu;r;rp
1) gzp nra;Ak;nghOJ ghJfhg;ghd
√∫Ôπ©A...
R+o;epiy mika Mtd nra;jy;. Kf;fpaNkh mt;tsT Kf;fpak; njhopyhsu;
Ntiyje;j Kjd;ik KjyhspapypUe;J Rfhjhuk;> jFe;j Rw;Wr; R+oy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghd
(Principle Employer) mtUila gzpia njhopyhsu;fspd; Kfhk;.
epiwNtw;wtUk; Jiz Kjyhspfl;Fk; (Con- m) ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; jFe;j Rw;Wr; R+oy;
tractors as employers) mtu;fsr; rhu;e;j midj;Jg; mike;j gzpaplk;> gzpKiw> njhopyhsu;fs;
gzpahsu;fl;Fk;> ghJfhg;gpidf; filg;gpbf;f kw;Wk; ,ju gzpahsu;fspd; cly; eyk;
Ntz;ba flikfs; rl;lg;gb cz;L. kw;Wk; kd eyk; Mfpait cw;gj;jpj;
,jpy; rk;gj;jg;gl;l midtUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jk; vd;gij Nkyhz;ik
ghJfhg;G tpopg;Gzu;T (Awareness on safety) czu Ntz;Lk;.
Vw;gLj;JjYk;> chpa ghJfhg;Gr; ,dp Nkyhz;ikahsu;fspd; nray;ghL
rhjdf;fisj; je;J> mitfsg; gad;gLj;jr; fis $WgLj;jpf; fhz;Nghk;
nra;jYk; jiyaha flikahFk;. jpl;l Nkyhsu; (gzpaplj; jiyik)
nra;ag;gLk; gzpfSf;Nfw;g ghJfhg;G Kiw
1. Kjd;ik xg;ge;jf;fhuu; kw;Wk;
fis tFj;jYk; mjidf; filg;gpbf;f Mtd
cg xg;ge;jfhuu;fsplkpUe;J> ngwg;gl;l
nra;jYk; mtrpakhdnjhd;whFk;
gzpapdq;fs; nra;Kiwia ( Work Methodology)
j) njhopyhsu;fSf;fhd rl;lk; kw;Wk; rupghu;j;J filg;gpbf;f topnra;jy;. my;yJ
eyj;jpl;lq;fis filg;gpbj;jy; jhNd Kd;epd;W nra;Kiw jahupj;jy;.
njhopyhsu;fspd; eyDf;fhfTk;> mtu;jk; 2. gzp nra;Kiw epw;zapj;jgpd;> mJ
gzpaku;jiy tud;Kiwg;gLj;jTk;> mtu;jk;
Cjpaq;fs; rupahf ,Uf;fTk; kw;Wk; gzp
apl Rw;Wr;R+os;> Rfhjhu Nkk;ghl;bw;fhfTk;
murhq;fk; Vwf;Fiwa 40 rl;lq;fs;
,aw;wpAs;sd. mtw;wpy; rpy:
1. jFe;j Cjpa rl;lk;( Minimum Wages Act)
2. njhopyhsu;fs; itg;Gepjp rl;lk;
( Employees’ Provident Funds Act)
3. Xg;ge;jj; njhopyhsu; (tud;Kiw
kw;Wk; xopj;jy;) rl;lk; ( Contract Labour (Regula-
tion and Abolition Act)
4. fl;blk; kw;Wk; ,ju fl;Lkhdj;
njhopyhsu;fs; (gzpaku;j;jy; kw;Wk; Nrit
epiy tud;Kiw) rl;lk;. (Buildings and other con-
struction Workers’(Regulation of employment and Condi-
tion of Service ) Act
5. Ntiyahl;fs; ,og;gPL rl;lk; ( Workers
Compensation Act)
Nkw;fz;l rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju rl;lq;fis
ed;fwpe;J filg;gpbj;jy; Nkyhz;ikf;F
cfe;jjhFk;
k) Rfhjhuk;> gzpaplk; kw;Wk;
njhopyhsu;fspd; Kfhk;> jFe;j Rw;Wr; R+oy;
kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghdjhf mika Mtd
nra;jy;
l) gzpaplg; ghJfhg;G vt;tsT
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fz;fhzpj;jy;. Njitg;gbd; gzpaplj;jpw;Fj;
jFe;j khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
3. gzpfs;> Njitahd tpguf; v];. rptuhkd;> jPu;g;ghau;>
Fwpg;GfSf;F cl;gl;L> jFe;j jukhd jpl;l Nkyhz;ik MNyhrfu;>
nghUl;fs;> njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpu Kd;dhs; jiyikg; nghwpahsu;
jsthlq;fSld; nra;ag;gLfpwjhntd
mt;tg;nghJ fz;fhzpj;jy;. jsg;
nghwpahsu;fl;F mt;tg;nghJ mwpTiu toq;fp> Vw;glf;$ba fhy tpuaq;fisr; rupfl;l
tpw;gidahsu;fsplkpUe;J jukhd nghUl;fs; eltbf;ifnaLj;jy;.
jilapd;wp ngw toptFj;jy;. 13. fl;Lkhdk; juj;Jld; eilngw
4. njhopyhsu;fs; gzpnra;tijf; ftdpj;J Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ju cj;jputhjk; kw;Wk;
mtu;fs; cwpa nray; Kiwapy;> jFe;j juf;fl;Lg;ghl;L jpl;lj;jpidr; nraw;gLj;Jjy;
jpwikADld;> cfe;j jpuDld; gzpnra;fpuhu;fsh 14. Rw;Wr;R+oy;> MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk;
vd;gjf; ftdpj;jy;. ve;jj; njhopyhsUk; ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpidr; nraw;gLj;Jjy;
rupapy;iynadpy; mtiug; gzpapypUe;J 15. midj;J> cg Xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs;
ePf;Fjy;. kw;Wk; tpw;gidasu;fis xUq;fpize;J
5. khjj;jpw;F ,uz;L KiwahtJ nraw;glitj;jy;
gzpnra;Ak; jpl;lj;jpw;F (Program) cfe;j thU 16. midj;J Xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs;> cg
Njitg;gLk;> njhopyhsu;fs;> nghUl;fs;> Xg;ge;jf;fhuu;fs; kw;Wk; tpw;gidasu;fspd;
,ae;jpuq;fs;> jsthlq;fs; ,Ug;gpy; cs;sdth nray;ghLfis Ma;T nra;J Njitg;gbd;
ntd;gij guprPyid nra;aNtz;Lk;. mtu;fl;F cjtp nra;J jpl;lj;jpid epw;zapf;fg;
6. khjhj;jpw;F ,uz;LKiwahtJ gl;l Neuj;jpy; Kbj;jy;
gzp ,dq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid (Progress) nraw;jpl;l tbtk; ( Program)> gzpnra;Ak;
gzpnra;Ak; jpl;lj;jpNdhL (program) xg;GNehf;fp ehl;fs; ml;ltiz (Schedule)>tbtikj;jy;
gzpfs; Rzf;fkpd;wp eilngWfpd;wnjd;gij kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpidf; fz;fhzpj;jiyg;
Ma;T nra;J> Rzf;fk; Vw;gbd; gzp ( Progress Monitoring) gw;wpa xU RUf;fk;
,dq;fis Kd;Ndw;wg; ghijapy; jpUg;g nraw;jpl;ltbtj;jpd; %yk; xU jpl;lk;
Mtd nra;jy;. epiwNtwNtz;ba ehl;fs; kw;Wk; ve;j jpdj;jpy;
7. gzpnra;Ak; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; nkhj;j Kbf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ epw;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gzpeltbf;iffspy; ( Activities) xU rpy nkhj;jjpl;l epiwT> gzpeltbf;iffs;
gzpeltbf;iffs;jhd; jpl;ljpd; nkhj;j (Activities) vLj;Jf;fnfhs;Sk; ehl;fisg;
Neuj;ij epw;zak; nra;Ak;. ,e;j eltbf;iffs; nghUj;jpUf;fpwJ. mitfs; fzpf;fg;gl;L>
Kf;fpa eltbf;fs; (Critical Activities) vd rhu;epiy mwpag;glNtz;Lk;. gpd;du; mit-
miof;fg;ggLk;. ,e;j eltbf;iffs; jhkjkhf fisr; nraw;gLj;Jk; ehl;fshf ( scheduled calendar
nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; nkhj;j gzpNeuk; days) khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
ePSk;.,jid mwpe;J> Kf;fpa eltbf;iffspy;
jhkjj;ijj; jtpw;f Mtd nra;jy;.
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vt;tsT ehl;fs; ePl;bf;fyhnkd;gij mwpe;J
mq;F mjpf jhkjk; Vw;gLtijj; jtpu;j;jy;
9. nrytpdq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp nkhj;j
jpl;lj;jpid cwpa Neuj;jpy; nraw;gLj;Jjy;
10. Ntiyj;jsj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk;
cg xg;ge;jfhiufspd; gl;baiy rupghu;j;J
jhkjkpd;wp gzk; gl;Lthlh nra;a Vw;ghL
nra;jy;
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jpl;lj;jpd; Kjyhspf;F mDg;gp tpiutpy; gzk;
ngUjy;.
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Vw;glf;$ba jlq;fy;fis A+fpj;J mjdhy;
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Mfpait mlq;Fk;
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Ntz;Lk;
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P No : 24, Anand Indl Estate, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad-201007( UP) Njitg;gLk; juj;jpy; cs;sdthntd
E-mail: hpscrews@gmail.com, hpscrew@landmarkcrafts.in
Web: www.landmarkcrafts.in | Customer care No : 98103 31551 fz;fhzpj;jy;. gw;whf; Fiw Vw;glhky;
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1. nkhj;jg;gzpapid eltbf;iffshf khw;Wjy; 3. mLj;j thuj;jpy; ,e;jf;Fiwia
2. xt;nthU eltbf;ifiaAk; epiwNtw <Lfl;l eltbf;ifnaLj;jy;.
ekf;Fj;njupe;j Ntiyj;jpwd;gb (Out turn) vt;tsT 4. Kd;Ndwj;jpy; FiwT
ehl;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; vd;gijf; fzpj;jy;. ePz;Lnfhz;Nl Nghdhy; kWgbAk; nray;
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Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbnra;Ak; nghOJ NtW
5. Muk;g eltbf;ifapypUe;J filrp eltbf;if
eltbf;iffSk; Kf;fpa eltbf;ifahf
tiu rhu; epiyj; njhFg;gpd; %yk; jpl;lk; vLf;ff;$ba
khWk; tha;g;Gs;sJ
nkhj;j ehl;fisf; fzpj;jy;.
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eltbf;fspd; (Critical Activities) nray; Neuj;ijf; nrytpdq; f s; mjpfkhFk; . nrytpdj; ijf;
Fiwj;jy;. fl; L f; F s; nfhz; L tu eltbf; f naLf; f
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miljy;. ,t;thU nra;Ak; nghJ Neuj;jpid Vw;glhky; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
Fiwf;f Kjypy; fzpj;j Njitg;gLk; tsq;fistpl (Kw;Wk;)
mjpfkhd tsq;fs; Njitg;gLnkd;gijAk;> ,g;gbf;
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1. ∂Õ> √ÁwB cÁ≈ ˛Æ (3’0”∂Ω s‚¶xÁ¶Bm) √z]ÁB Ô_
KÁ¶›#^ : ÿƒfiƒ´Á· \ı 1:3 ( Stone Crsuher Dust : Gravel Mix 1:3 /
˛´Vk_ ˛Á¶¬ÔV>º√Vm Cement: Stone Crushed Dust Mix 1:10- semi dry )
ÔÈÕm ÿÔVfiƒ\VÔ© º√V‚| ]t∑ ÿÔVı| ÿÔ‚Ω©√|›> ºkı|D.
5. ÷_ÈVsΩ_
2. º\_ √z]l_ 1’0”gw›]uz \‚|D Plain Cement Concrete 1:5:10 ˛u§uz x[√VÔ ]Áƒ
ÔÈÕm º√V‚| JΩ¶ ºkı|D. ÔπKD 5 0 / 6 0
3. ÷>uzº\_ ®©ÿ√VømD º√VÈ Isolated Footing ∂Ω›>·›] ÿ>VÁÈsºÈºB Eccentric
uzˆB PCC \uÆD RC Isolated Footing º√V‚| ∂Ω›>·›Á> ∂Á\›]¶ Footing º√V‚| Cantile-
ºkı|D. ver Beam (Designed) ¿‚Ω
4. ÿ√ˆB ]≈Õ> ÿkπ ˛≈VÔ ÷ÚÕ>V_ (10’ x 12’ ∂·s_) ÷ÚÕ›>V_ º\uÿÔVı| Ô‚|\V
5 ∂Ω gw›]_ 15’0” x 15’0” x 1’6”∂·s_ RCC Concrete Pedestal slab ÿÔVı| ™›Á>› ÿ>V¶´ÈVD.
JΩ ∂>[*m ∂Ω›>·D ∂Á\¬ÔÈVD.

¿Ï √ˆºƒV>Á™ ÿ√‚Ω : ÿ√V§. xÚÔºk_

Ô ‚|\V™© √Ël¶∫Ôπ_ >ıßÁ´ \V∑√¶V\KD,
TV¬ÔV\KD xÁ≈BVÔ ÁÔBV·ºkıΩBm ÷[Á≈B
x¬˛B º>ÁkBVÔ c^·m. ÷©º√Vm ƒV>V´, √V\´ \¬Ô”D ®π]_
AˆÕm ÿÔV^”D kÁÔl_ ŒÚ >ıßÏ ºƒV>Á™© ÿ√‚Ω (Water Test-
ing Kit) >uº√Vm >tµÂV| zΩ¿Ï kVˆBD JÈD xÁ≈BVÔ √w¬Ô›
]uz ÿÔVı|k´©√‚|^·m.÷Á> ®∫z ºkı|\V™VKD ®|›mfl
ÿƒ_È°D \uÆD >ı߈[ >´›Á> c¶–¬z¶[ ÿ>ˆÕm
ÿÔV^·°D ®π>VÔ c^·m.
>tµÂV| zΩ¿Ï kΩÔV_ kVˆBD (TWAD) JÈD (Residual Chlorine). ºƒV>Á™ >ıßÁ´,
cÚkV¬Ô©√‚¶ ÷Õ> ºƒV>Á™© ÿ√‚Ω, ºƒV>Á™ ºƒV>Á™© ÿ√‚Ωl_ c^· º>ÁkBV™
ÿƒFB©√‚| ∂>uÔVÔ A Grade >´fl ƒV[§>µ kw∫Ô© standard solution c¶[ ÔȬzDº√Vm ∞u√|D
√‚|^·m. ÷Õ> ÿ√‚ΩÁB >tµÂV| xøkmD c^· W≈ \VÆ>_ÔÁ· ∂>uÔV™ kı
∂Á™›m ª´V‚EÔ”¬zD >tµÂV| zΩ¿Ï kΩÔV_ s·¬Ô©√¶›m¶[ (colour chat) Œ©∏‚|
kVˆBD (TWAD) JÈD ÷Èkƒ\VÔ kw∫Ô©√‚| >´›Á> ∂·°Ú¬Ôπ[ (parameters) >´ ∂·°ÔÁ·
ÿ>ˆÕmÿÔV^· kVF©A ∞u√|›>©√‚|^·m. c¶º™ ÿ>ˆÕm ÿÔV^·ÈVD.
º\KD, ÿ√Vm\¬Ôπ¶D ÷m √u§B ∏_¶Ï¸ ÿ√V§lB_ Ô_Ÿˆl_
sa©AÏ° ∞u√|›> ]Ú©ØÏ, ÔV∫ºÔB›]_ c^· zΩ¿ˆ[ >´D, Ôa°¿ˆ[ ∂∑›>› >[Á\
∏_¶Ï¸ ÿ√V§lB_ Ô_Ÿˆl[ (Builders Engineering g˛BkuÁ≈ sˆkVÔ ∂§•D ºƒV>Á™¬
College) Ô‚|\V™ ÿ√V§lB_mÁ≈ (Department of Civil ̶D c^·m. ÷∫z, >ıßÏ , Ôa°¿Ï
Engineering) E≈©A xÔVDÔÁ· ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ¶›] kÚ˛≈m.. g˛Bku§[ >´D √ˆºƒV›]¬Ô©√‚¶| ,
÷]_ ˇµ¬Ôı¶ ∂·°Ú¬Ô^ (Parameters) zÁ≈Õ> ºÂ´›]_ >´ ∂·°ºÔV_Ô”¬z ƒV[§>µ (certificate)
ºƒV>Á™ ÿƒFB©√‚| \¬Ô”¬z xΩ°Ô^ kw∫Ô©√‚| kw∫Ô©√|˛≈m. º\KD s√´∫Ô”¬z
kÚ˛≈m. xÁ™kÏ : ÷´V. ºÈVÔÂV>[,
1.∏.ÿ«fl (pH), 2.ÔV´›>[Á\ (Alkalinty), 3.zº·V´| º√´VEˆBÏ, ∏_¶Ï¸ ÿ√V§lB_
(chloride), 4.ÿ\V›> ÔÁ´ƒ_ c©AÔ^ (TDS), 5.AjÁ´| (Fluo- Ô_Ÿˆ, ∂ÁȺ√E: 99655 63386.
ride), 6.÷ÚDA (iron), 7.Á‚ÿ´‚ (Nitrate), 8.Á‚Á´‚ (Nitrite), ]Ú.Â.cflEx›m, c>s º√´VEˆBÏ,
9.ÿ\V›>¬ ÔΩ™›>[Á\ (Total Hardness), 10.∂Dº\VMBV ∏_¶Ï¸ ÿ√V§lB_ Ô_Ÿˆ, 94886 60136.
(Ammonia), 11.√V¸º√‚ (Phosphete), 12.*>x^· zº·Vˆ[
∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[| \VÏfl 2020 | 17
 Ô‚|\V™ gºÈVƒÁ™
ÿ>V¶Ï

ÔV[ΩokÏ ¸ÈV©
Ô‚|\V™›][ º√Vm...
ÔV [ΩokÏ ¸ÈV©Ôπ_ (Cantilever Slab) ÔD∏
Ô‚|k]_ c^· E¬Ô_ÔÁ·•D, Failure ÔÁ·•D
ÔÁ·km ®ÀkVÆ? ƒˆBV™ xÁ≈lÁ™ ÔÁ¶∏Ω¬Ô°D Failure
ÔÁ· >sÏ©√m ®©√Ω? EÈ gºÈVƒÁ™Ô^.
ÔV[ΩokÏ ¸ÈV© ®[√m Ô‚¶¶∫Ô”¬z
ÿkπºB ¿‚¶©√‚| ÷Ú¬zD EÈV© (slab) ∂>Vkm
ƒ[ºr| (Sunshade), √V_ÔM (balcony) Decirate ¬ÔVÔ
Beam oÚÕm EÈV©Ô^ ÿkπºB ¿‚¶©√‚|, ∏[¸
Drop, Wall Ô^ Ô‚¶©√|˛[≈™. ÷Õ> ÿkπ©A≈D
¿‚¶©√‚|^· EÈV©∏_ ÔD∏Ô^ (rebar) (Top Layer)
º\_ ∂|¬˛_ ÷Ú¬Ô–D. ÿ√VmkVÔ Floor EÈV©Ôπ_
ÔD∏Ô^ ÿƒ[Ωˆ∫ √ÈÁÔ¬z º\ºÈ (Cover Block)
ÔD∏Ô^ Ô‚¶©√|˛[≈™. g™V_ ÷Õ> EÈV©∏_
ÿkπ©A≈›]_ ŒÚ End _ support ∞mD ÷Ú©√m
÷_ÁÈ. gÔºk Technical gÔ ÷Õ> EÈV©∏Á™•D ÷]_
k´¬ÌΩB Load ÔÁ·•D >V∫z>uÔV™ ÔD∏ÔÁ· Top
Layer _ Ô‚¶–D. ∂ÀkVÆ Ô‚¶©√|D ÔD∏ÔÁ·
Top _ Ák©√>uÔVÔ z]Á´ ÔD∏ Chair rods ®[˛≈ sup-
port ÔD∏ÔÁ· ÿÔV|›m >V∫˛ ∏Ω¬Ô ºkı|D. ÷Õ>
z]Á´ ÔD∏ Chari rods ƒˆk´ ÿÔV|¬Ôs_ÁÈ ®[≈V_
Cantilever EÈV©∏[ Top Rod º\ºÈ ÷Ú¬ÔVm. ∂>uz
\V≈VÔ ∂>[ \‚¶›]oÚÕm ˇºw ÷≈∫˛ ∂>–Á¶B
>V∫zD ]≈Á™ Strength ÷øÕm EÈV© ˇºw søk>uz
Failure kVF©AÔ^ ∂]ÔD. ÷Õ> \V]ˆBV™ Failure Ô^
cantilever slab _ Safe WÁ≈B ÂÁ¶ÿ√uÆ ÷Ú¬˛[≈™.
º\u̧B ÔV´∫Ôπ™V_ cantilever EÈV© º√V|k›uz
√B©√|˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷Õ> Failure n >sÏ¬Ô ∂_Èm cantilever salab
ÔD∏ÔÁ· top layer _ ƒˆk´ Ô‚Ω EÈV©∏[ >V∫zD ]≈Á™
cÆ] ÿƒFB EÈ gºÈVƒÁ™Ô^.
1. Chair rod ÿƒFm EÈV©∏_ ƒˆk´ ÿ√VÆ›mk>uz
Ô‚¶D charge ÔD∏Ô‚|√kÏÔ”¬z
ÿÔV|©√m. pay and get
2. Cantilever EÈV©∏[ ÔD∏ÔÁ· U \V]ˆ End _
c^ºÂV¬˛ kÁ·›m Top layer _ WÆ›mk>uz
∞u√V| ÿƒFkm.
3. Cantilever EÈV©∏[ end _ Concealed Beam
(EÈV©A¬z c^º· Ô‚¶©√|D
∂Á\©√m.
÷Õ> Concealed ¨D Cantilever EÈV©∏[ ÔD∏ÔÁ·
End _ >V∫˛ ∏Ω›m EÈV©∏[ >V∫zD ]≈Á™
strength cÆ] ÿƒF•D. º\KD concealed ¨D c¶[
z]Á´ ÔD∏ÁÔ•D Chair Roads, Cantilever EÈV©∏_
ÿ√VÚ›]™V_ Top Layer ÔD∏Ô^ ®Õ> ÔV´›]™VKD
∂>–Á¶B ÷¶›]oÚÕm Position ˇºw ÷≈∫ÔVm.
®™ºk Failure ÷_ÈVm cÆ]BV™ Cantilever EÈV©∏Á™
ÿ√≈ÈVD.
2. Continouous Lintel & Window Sill Slab Ôπ[
x¬˛B›mkD :
Lintel ®[√m Ô>°, ƒ[™_Ô”¬z º\ºÈ ÷Õ>
opening ¬z Support ∂Á\›m Ô‚¶¶ √KsÁ™ ®Õ>s>
÷Á¶RÆD ÷_ÈV\_ transfer Ô¶›mD ¨D gzD..
º\KD ÷Õ> oı¶ÁÈ continuous ÿ>V¶Ï oı¶ÈVÔ
ÿƒF>V_ ÿƒ∫Ô_ Ô‚¶¶›]uz ŒÚ ÿ√_| (belt) \V]ˆ
s·∫zD. º\KD ÷Õ> ÿ>V¶ˆ_ oı¶_ Øt
∂]ÏflE (earth quake) ∞u√|D º√Vm ÷Õ>
Ô‚¶¶›]uz Â_È √VmÔV©Á√•D, Ô‚¶¶›]uz
(stiffness) ∏Ω\V™›Á>•D ∂π¬zD. ÷>Á™ ®πÁ\
BVÔ zÁ≈Õ> ÿƒÈs_ (economically) ÿ√Úk>uz
ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚|^·m.
Window Sill Slab ®[√m ƒ[™_, ÿkıΩºÈ‚¶Ï
Ô”¬z ˇºw >´¬ ÌΩB ŒÚ ÔV[ˇˆ‚ EÈV©
gzD. ÷>–Á¶B √Ë ®[™ÿk[≈V_ ƒ[™_,
ÿkıΩºÈ‚¶Ï opening g_ kÚD √K load oı¶_
end _ c^· ÿƒ∫Ô_ Ô‚¶¶∫Ôπ[ JÈD opening
ˇºw kÚD º√Vm ÿƒ∫Ô_ Ô‚¶¶›]Á™ √VmÔV›m
º\u√Ω √KsÁ™ (ÔV[ˇˆ‚ ®[√>V_) >V∫˛
ÿƒ∫Ô^ Ô‚¶›][ \u≈ √z]Ô”¬z xÁ≈BVÔ (uniform
transfer) ÿÔVı| ÿƒ_KD. ÷>™V_ ¤[™_ ˇµ
¨D)
\‚¶›]_ ∞u√¶¬ÌΩB zƬz sˆƒ_ (diagonal cracks)
>sϬԩ√|D. ÿƒÈ° zÁ≈° g™V_ √B[ ∂]ÔD.
Cantilever Beams / Slabs Ôπ_ kΩkÁ\©∏[ √Ω ®‡z
ÔD∏ÔÁ· ®ÀkVÆ Economical gÔ Place ÿƒFkm?
ÿ√VmkVÔ Cantilever kΩkÁ\©∏[ √Ω support _
bending moment ∂]Ô\VÔ°D Free end _ zero kVÔ°D

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 30


ÿ√V§.∞.∏´Ôy¸k´[
M.E (Struct), >ÂVÿ√V√m,
E :pragadeeswaran100@gmail.com
÷Ú¬zD. ∂>Vkm Cantilever Beams / Slabs ¬ÔVÔ
Reinforcement ÿÔV|¬zDº√Vm support _ xø º>ÁkBV™
5/8 bars, Cantilever Span _ √V]B·s_ 50% ¬ÔVÔ ®‡z
ÔD∏ÔÁ· zÁ≈¬ÔÈVD ∂Õ> 50% ¿·\V™mD ®‡z
ÔD∏l[ ∂·° diameter ºÔu√ development Length (Ld)
®Àk·ºkV ÷]_ ®m ∂]Ôº\V ∂Õ> ¿·›]_ ®‡z
Steel bars ÔD∏Ôπ[ º>ÁklÁ™ 50% gÔ zÁ≈¬ÔÈVD.
∞ÿ™M_ Optimization √Ω, ®∫ºÔ Bending Moment
®Àk·° c^·º>V ∂>uºÔu√ kΩkÁ\©∏[ √Ω
®‡z ÔD∏Ô^ ÿÔV|›>V_ kΩkÁ\©A º>ÁkÁB•D
ØÏ›]BVzD Economical gÔ°D ∂Á\•D. √VmÔV©AD
Stability \uÆD Savings ÿƒÈ° zÁ≈°D ∞u√|D.
Cantilever Beam Reinforcement Curtailment Detailing SP 34
(S&T) 1987 ÿ>πkVÔ z§©∏‚ΩÚ¬zD.
Ô‚|\V™›mÁ≈l_ Cantilever ®[≈V_ √BD
\uÆD support _ º>Ák©√|D ®‡z ÔD∏ÔÁ·ºB Free
end kÁ´¬zD ÿÔVı| ÿƒ_˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷>™V_ ÿƒÈ°
zÁ≈° ∞u√¶Vm. ®‡z ÔD∏Ôπ[ º>ÁklÁ™ 50%
Curtailment zÁ≈©√>V_ Cantilever Beam / Slabs [ √ÈD Sta-
bility zÁ≈BVm \V≈VÔ Optimization kΩkÁ\©A √Ω ®[™
º>ÁkºBV ∂>Á™ zÁ≈¬ÔV\_ º>ÁkBV™ ®‡z
ÔD∏Ô^ ÿÔV|©√>V_ 10 ÔD∏Ô^ ®M_ ∂]_ 5 ÔD∏Ô^
º√VmD ®M_ Steel º>Ák ÿƒÈ° zÁ≈•D. Cantilever
Beam _ Fixidity ¬ÔVÔ Bending moment [√Ω, º>ÁkBV™
®‡z ÔD∏ÔÁ· ®Àk·° ¿·D Column ¬z^ ÿ>V¶Ï
Beam [ c^º· ÿÔV|¬Ô ºkı|D.
÷m z§›> sˆkV™ kΩkÁ\©AD ∂>M_
Curtailment of steel ®ÀkVÆ ÿÔV|©√m ®[√m z§›>
Ô¬ˇ|Ô^ Type - I (steel without curtailment & type - II
(steel with curtailment) ÷´ı|D ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚|^·m.
Cantilever Beam [ Loading √Ω M20 Grade of Concrete & Fe 500
TMT bars ¬z 300 x 450 t* ∂·°^· beam ¬z kΩkÁ\©A
design ¬ ÿƒF>V_ ®‡z ÔD∏Ô^ steel º>Ák©√|D.
Type I (with out Reinforcement Curtailment)
Support Free end
Top Layer 6/20 + 2/16y 6/20 + 2/16y
Bottam Layer 3/20 + 2/16y 3/20 + 2/16y
∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 31
Type II (with out Reinforcement Curtailment)
Support Free end
Top Layer 6/20 + 2/16y 6/20 + 2/16y
Bottam Layer 3/20 + 2/16y 3/20 + 2/16y
(‘y’ - Denotes TMT Bars)
- 20 m.m Diameter Steel Bar Weight = 2.16 kg/m
- 16 m.m Diameter Steel Bar Weight = 1.58 kg/m
Type - I ¬z º>Ák©√|D ®‡z ÔD∏Ôπ[ s√´D
a) Top Layer - 20 mm Ø = 6 Nos x 3 m x 2.46 kg/m = 44.28 kg
16 mm Ø = 2 Nos x 3 m x 1.58 kg/m = 9.48 kg
Total = 53.76 kg
b) Bottom Layer- 20 mm Ø = 3 Nos x 3 m x 2.46 kg/m = 22.1 kg
- 16 mm Ø = 2 Nos x 3 m x 1.58 kg/m = 9.48 kg
Total = 31.62 kg
(a) + (b) = 53.76 + 31.62 = 85.38 say 86 kg
Type - II ¬z º>Ák©√|D ®‡z ÔD∏Ôπ[ s√´D
a) Top Layer -20 mm Ø = 3Nos x 3 m x 2.46 kg/m= 22.14 kg
1 Nos x 1.5 m x 2.46 kg/m = 3.69 kg
2 Nos x 3.0 m x 2.46 kg/m = 14.76 kg
16 mm Ø = 2 Nos x 1.50 m x 1.58 kg/m = 4.74 kg
Total = 45.33 kg
b) Bottom Lr -20 mm Ø = 3 Nos x 3 m x 2.46 kg/m = 22.14 kg
- 16 mm Ø = 2 Nos x 1.50 m x1.58 kg/m = 4.71 kg
Total = 26.88 kg
(c) + (d) = 45.33 + 26.88 = 72.21 say 73 kg
÷´ı| type ¬zD c^· s›]BVƒ ®‡z ÔD∏Ôπ[
®Á¶ = 86 ä 73 = 13 ˛
®‡z ÔD∏ sÁÈ = 13 x Rs 50 approsment = ‘.650
Labour Charge ÔD∏ Ô‚|√kˆ[ Ìo = ‘.100
ÿ\V›>D = ‘.750
∂]_ 13 ˛ ®‡z ÔD∏Ô^ zÁ≈kVÔ°D xø
>V∫zD ]≈–¶–D c^· Budget ¬zD gzD ÿƒÈs_
zÁ≈•D.
º\KD Cantilever beams / slabs Ôπ[ ∏Ω
\V™D Fixidity ®ÀkVÆ cÆ] ÿƒFB©√|˛≈m ®M_
º\ºÈ c^· √¶›]_ ÔVı∏›>kVÆ Main Rods
column ¬z^º·V, ∂_Èm Cantilever Beam c‚A≈\VÔ
Column n >VıΩ ÿƒ_KD ®M_ Development Length
kÁ´ ∏Ω\V™›]uz º>ÁkBV™ ÔD∏lÁ™ \uÆD
ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶ ÿ√VÆ›m \VÆ√|D ∂Õ> ¿·›]uz
main ÔD∏ÔÁ· Column ¬z^º·V Beam [ ÿ>V¶ÏflE
√z]lºÈV ÿÔVı| ÿƒ[Æ Cantilever beam –Á¶B
∏Ω\V™› >[Á\ÁB Fixidity cÆ] ÿƒFB ºkı|D.
÷_ÁȺB_ Cantilever Beams / Slabs [ support √z]l_
sˆƒ_ Crack∞u√¶ kVF©A c^·m. ∏[A ÷ΩÕm
søD Failure ∂√VBD c^·m.
®™ºk Cantilever Beams / Slabs Ôπ_ Main Bars ÔÁ·
cˆB·° Development Length (Ld) Column ¬z^º·V ∂_
Èm Continuous Beam ÷Ú¬z\VÆ ÿƒFmD, Cantilever
Beam / Slabs Ôπ_ Reinforcements Curtailment procedure n
ÔÁ¶∏Ω›m kKkV™, ÿƒÈ° zÁ≈kV™ Structure n
ÿ√Æ∫Ô^.
 ÿƒV_o› ÿ>ˆk]_ÁÈ Ô‚¶¶¬ÔÁÈ

ÿ>V¶Ï
Eÿ\[‚, ÔD∏ ∞mt_ÈV\_
ÿ√V§BV·ÏÔ^ BVÚt_ÈV\_
180 gı|Ô”¬z x[º√..
\´ºkÏÔ^, sømÔ^ JÈ\VÔºk
ŒÚ koÁ\BV™ ÂÁ¶√VÈ›Á>
º\ÔÈVBVs_ c^· √w∫zΩ
\¬Ô^ Ô‚Ω•^·>VÔ°D,
∂m√u§B sk´D ÂD ÷>a_
ÿkπk´ ºkı|D ®™ Â\m
kVƒÔÏ ÿ¶[M¸.∏.´VB[
÷Á>©√u§ Â\¬z t[™fiƒ_
∂–©∏ ÷ÚÕ>VÏ. ∂m√u§...
ºÂV ∏_ÈÏ , ºÂV ƒ¸ÿ√[ƒ[
\´©√VÈD ºÔ^s©
√‚ΩÚ¬˛º≈VD. \´›][ cÆ]
\´ºkˆ_ ÂVu√>Ω √VÈD
BV™ ºkÏÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı|
∏[™©√‚¶ √VÈD √u§¬ Ô‚¶¶ gflƒˆB∫Ô”¬z ÿƒVÕ>¬ÔV´Ï
ºÔ^s©√ΩÚ¬˛º≈V\V? Â\m
kVƒÔÏ ∂.√VÈ∑©∏´\MBD ŒÚ \ÁÈflƒVÁÈl_ ÷ÚÕm ∏ˆ˛≈m ŒÚ \ı √VÁ>. \Ω©A
÷Á>©√u§ Â\¬z t[™fiƒ_ \Ω©√VÔ ∏ˆÕm ˇa≈∫zD ∂Õ> \ı √VÁ>l_ ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ∑\VÏ
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EÈV˛›m º√∑˛≈VÏ ∂kÏ. º√VÔ ∂Õ> ºkÏÔ^ >Ω›m, ]´ı| ∂Õ>© √VÈD ŒÚ koÁ\BV™,
\´›][ ºkÏÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı| \M>ÏÔ^ ¶Õm ÿƒ_ȬÌΩB ŒÚ √VÈ\VÔ cÚÿk|›ms‚¶m.
√w∫zΩÔ^ cÚkV¬˛B ÷Õ> ÷Õ> ªˆ_ \‚|\_È, º\ÔVÈBVs[ ºkÆ EÈ ªÏÔπKD
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÷Õ>©√VÈD ®∫˛Ú¬˛≈m? Ô´∫Ô·V_ 2016D gı| ]≈Õm Ák›m
ÿ√´Á, mÁ¶©√© A_KD, Ák›m^·™Ï. ∂>[ ∏[ >V[ ÷Õ>©√VÈ›Á>©
\Õ>VÁ´ \´∫Ô”D, ÷[–D ÿ√BÏ √u§ ª¶Ô∫Ô^ º√ƒ g´D∏›m^·™.
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∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 51

 ÿÔVº´V™V & ºÔVÁ¶ ÷´‚Á¶ >V¬z>o_
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njhopyhsu;fs;> Mr;rupakpy;iy.
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CUf;F nrd;Wtpl 50 Mapuj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fl;Lkhd gzp ,lq;fspy; gzpGupe;J te;j
,q;Nf xU kpfg;ngupa Gyk;ngau;ej ; tl ,e;jpa fl;Lkhd njhopyhsu;fs;> kPzL ; k; jq;fs;
fhyp ntw;wplk; nrhe;j CUf;F nrd;Wtpl ,q;Nf xU kpfg;ngupa fhyp ntw;wplk;
Jtq;fpapUf;fpwJ. Jtq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
];khu;l; rpl;bfs; > muR g;uhn[f;lf; s; rhiyfs;> neLQ;rhiyfs;>
ghyq;fs; mikj;jy; Nghd;w muR gzpfspYk; rup FbapUg;G
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fl;llq;fs;> jdpahu; fl;Lkhd jpl;lq;fs; cs;Shu; njhopyhsu;fs; kWgbAk; nrd;id>
efuhl;rp gzpfs; Nghd;w gzpfspYk; rup mjpy; Nfhit Nghd;w efuq;fSf;F jpUk;gte;J
<Lgl;L te;j ngUk;ghyhd tl ,e;jpa fl;Lkhd gzp nra;ayhk; vd;fpw vz;zj;ijNa epr;rak;
njhopyhsu;fs; jw;NghJ Mg;nrd;l; Mfp iftpl;L ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fisg; nghWj;jtiu ehk; ed;wp
,J Nghy xU Neha;njhw;W Nguplu; nfl;ltu;fshf khwptpl;Nlhk; .
tUk;NghJ me;jj; njhopyhsu;fis jf;f ,g;NghJ [_iy 1 Kjy; murpd; cj;juTg;gb
itj;J mtu;fSf;F cupa tPL trjp czT Culq;F jsu;jj ; g; gl;lhy; fl;Lkhdg;gzpfs;
rk;gsk; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhLj;J ve;j Kd;igg; Nghy KO tPrR ; ld; eilngWk; vd
xg;ge;j epWtdq;fSk; Kiwahf ftdpj;Jf; nrhy;yKbahJ. Vndd;why; kWgbAk; tl
nfhs;stpy;iy. mJ NghyNt mtu;fis ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsu;fs; ,q;F tUtjw;F cupa
gzpf;F mku;j;jpa epWtdq;fs; $l mtu;fspd; R+oy; cUthf Fiwe;jJ MW khj fhyk; MFk;
eydpy; mf;fiw nfhs;stpy;iy. vd vjpu;ghu;ff
; g;gLfpwJ mtu;fspy; gyu; kWg-
,Jgw;wp cupa ftdk; vLj;J khw;W bAk; ,J Nghd;w efuq;fSf;F te;J gazpj;J
Vw;ghLfisr; nra;atpy;iy. ,jdhy; jq;fp gzpGupa gzpGupfpw kdepiyapy; ,y;iy
ntWj;Jg;Nghd tl ,e;jpa njhopyhsu;fs; vd;gijj;jhd; mtu;fs; rhu;ej ; Vn[d;Lfs;
nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf mtu;fs; nrhe;j CUf;F buhty;]; epWtdq;fs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.
%l;il Kbr;RfSld; nry;yj; Jtq;fp tpl;lhu;fs;. vdNt ,g;NghJ ek;kplk; ,Uf;Fk; xNu xU
gzk; ,Ug;gtu;fs; nrhe;jkhf Gjpa irf;fps; kdpjts Mjhuk; jkpof fl;Lkhd njhopyhsu;fs;
thq;fp irf;fpspy; %ykhfNt neLQ;rhiyapy; jhd;.
gazpj;J ,uz;L thuq;fs; njhlu;rr ; pahf irf;fps; ,e;j mrhjhuz R+o;epiyapy; VjhtJ
Xl;b jq;fs; nrhe;j Ciu nrd;wile;jhu;fs;. mtu;fs; ,e;j tha;gi ; g gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L
gzk; ,y;yhjtu;fs; $l flid thq;fp ed;F cioj;J gzpGupe;J> kWgbAk; jq;fsJ
irf;fps;fs; %ykhf jq;fs; nrhe;j CUf;F Ntiy tha;gg ; pidg; ngw Kaw;rp nra;jhy; mJ
nrd;whu;fs;.NkYk; gyu; khjf; fzf;fpy; ele;J jkpof fl;Lkhd Jiwf;Fk; ey;yJ. mtu;fspd;
jq;fs; CUf;Fr; nrd;whu;fs;. vjpu;fhy tho;thjhuj;jpw;Fk; mJ ey;yJ.
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gzakhf itj;J
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ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j tu;jj ; fk; fl;llg; nghwpahsu;fs;.
kw;Wk; njhopy;fs; gioa epi- gy;NtW vjpu;fhy fdTf-
yia mila vj;jid ehl;fs;
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fl;Lkhdj; njhopy; rhu;eN ; jhu; jhd; ,g;gjptpd; Nehf;fk;.
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tUtJ; upay; v];Nll;
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nfhj;jdhu;> Mrhup> ngapz;lu;> fhzKbAk;.
kw;Wk; $ypj;njhopyhspfs;. ÷Õ> ∂´∑ xU Nkhl;lhu; irf;fpspy;
Gyk; ngau;ej ; njhopyhsu;fs;> FWf;Fk; neLf;Fkhf
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<Lgl;L jq;fspd; tho;itNa Ntfkhf gazpj;Jf;
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gzpahsu;fs; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.fhiy VO kzpf;F fhykpJ.
tPlb; ypUe;J fpsk;gpdhy; ,uT vl;L kzpf;F vjpu;tUk; fhyq;fspy;
Nky;jhd; jpUk;gp Nghthu;fs;. ehs; KOtJk; clYk; vjpu;ghuhj ,ilA+Wfs; ve;j
kdKk; guguntd;W ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. &gj;jpYk;> ve;j Neuj;jpYk;
njhopypy; Kd;Ndwp Kjyplj;ijg; gpbf;f>Cz; tuf;$Lk; vd;gij nfhuhdh ÿ√V§.>V•\V™k[
cwf;fk; jtpu;jJ ; > cioj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;gtu;fs;. czu;jj ; pAs;sJ.
fl;llg;nghwpahsd; vd;W ngUikg;gl nrhy;yp
,ilA+WfspypUe;J jw;fhj;Jf;nfhs;s>
fhyiuj; J}f;fptpl;Lf; nfhs;gtu;fs;.
fl;llg; nghwpahsu;fs; jq;fspd; vjpu;fhy
,d;iwaj; jpdj;jpy; ,tu;fs; gLk; Jauk; ghJfhg;gpd; kPJ mf;fiw nrYj;jNtz;ba
mstpylq;fhjJ. Culq;fpd; fhuzkhf Klq;fpg; NeukpJ. vd;d nra;ayhk;? ve;j tifapy;
Nghdtu;fs; gl;baypy; Kf;fpakhd gpuptpdu; jw;fhj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.?
,tu;fs;. ,tu;fisg; gw;wpa ve;j nra;jpiaAk;
fPof; f
; z;l mk;rq;fis ghu;gN ; ghk;.
ahUk; gfpu;tjpy;iy.
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Vnddpy; Ra fTutk; fhuzkhf jq;fspd;
Vw;gLk; tpj;jpahr njhifia cupikahsu;
f~;l e~;lq;fis mLj;jtUld; gfpu;eJ ; nfhs;s
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;gij Fwpg;gpl
,tu;fNs tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy;
Ntz;Lk;.
nra;Ak; Ntiyf;fhd njhifia tPlL ; cupikah-
2. fl;Lkhd nghUl;fspd; tpiythrpia
suplk; fwhuhf tR+ypf;fg; njupahj ,tu;fs; >
murhq;fk; fz;fhzpf;Fk; tifapy; tpiythrp
jq;fsJ njhopyhsu;fsplk; jhuhskhfNt ele;J
xOq;FKiw Mizak; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nfhs;thu;fs;.
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,tu;fsJ FiwfisAk; Mjq;fq;fisAk;
fTd;rpy; mikj;J nghwpahsu;fis mjpy; gjpT
ntspAyfpw;F ntspr;rk; Nghl;Lf;fhl;Lkstpw;F>
nra;J > mq;ff P huk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Clfq;fs; ,tu;fis fz;L nfhs;tjpy;iy.
njhopy; KidNthu; vd;fpw xU ftu;rr ; p nrhy;yhy; 4. Nguplu; fhyq;fspy; Nghjpa tUkhdkpd;wp
<u;ff; g;gl;L ,j; njhopypy; ,tu;fs; milAk; JaUWk; nghwpahsu;fSf;F cjtpj;njhif
,d;dy;fs; Vuhsk;. toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Ie;jhz;LfSf;Fs;shf ,j;njhopypy; 5. muRj;Jiw xg;ge;jg;gzpfspy; 50 rjtPjk;
<Lgl;l ,isa jiyKiw nghwpahsu;fis Ra njhopy; GupAk; nghwpahsu;fSf;F xJf;fpj;ju
vg;gb fiuNru;ff ; g;NghfpNwhk;? Ntz;Lk;.
gzkjpg;gpog;G>[p.v];.b Nghd;wtw;why; 6. Gjpajhf njhopy; njhlq;Fk; ,sk;
Klq;fj; njhlq;fpa njhopy; jw;Nghija nfhuhdh nghwpahsu;fSf;F 5 Mz;LfSf;F GST
jhf;fj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Culq;F kw;Wk; fl;Lkhdg; apypUe;J tpyf;F mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nghUl;fs; tpiyNaw;wk;> Mfpatw;why; Kw;wpYk; 7. mwpKfg; nghwpahsu;fSf;F Fiwe;j
%iyapy; xLq;fptpl;lJ. nfhuhdh ghjpg;Gf;F tl;bapy; njhopy; fld; toq;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
Kd;dhy; xg;ge;jk; Nghlg;gl;L> Jtq;fpa gzp fl;llg; nghwpahsu;fSk; ,r;r%fj;jpy; Xu;
fis mNj tpiytpfpjj;jpy; jw;NghJ Kbj;Jf; mq;fk; vd;gij fUj;jpy; nfhz;L murhq;fk;
ju KbAkh? xg;ge;j njhiff;Fs;shfNt gzp Mtz nra;AkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
fis Kbj;J juNtz;Lk; vd neUf;fb "YOUTH ARE NOT USEELESS ;BUT,
jUk; thbf;fhsu;fis vg;gb vjpu;nfhs;tJ ? THEY ARE USED LESS.
nfhuhdh ghjpg;Gfs; rupahfp ,ay;G epiy vg;NghJ THEY ARE NOT CARELESS ;BUT,
THEY ARE CARED LESS"
jpUk;Gk;? vjpu;fhyk; vg;gb mikAk;?vd;fpw
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilfs; ,y;iy.tpop gpJq;fp ,J Rthkp rpd;kahde;jh mtu;fs;
epw;fpwhu;fs;. ,isQu;fis gw;wp njuptpj;j fUj;Jiu.
tptrhaj;jpy; e~;lk; Vw;gl;l fhuzj;jhy; ,J rj;jpakhd cz;ik.,isQu;fis fz;L
eilngWk; jw;nfhiy rhTfs;‌ ntspNa njupa nfhs;shj> mtu;fis Kiwahf gad; gLj;jpf;
tUfpd;wJ. njhopy; e~;lj;jhy; jw;nfhiy nfhs;shj r%fk; Kd;Ndwpajhf tuyhW
Kbit Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghwpahsu;fSk; cz;L. fpilahJ. ,jid czu;eJ ; murhq;fKk;>njhopy;
Mdhy;> mit gutyhd NgRnghUs; Mtjpy;iy. rhu;ej
; mikg;GfSk;> mDgtg;nghwpahsu;fSk;>
%o;fn ; fhz;bUf;Fk; fl;Lkhdj;njhopiyAk; ,sk; fl;llg;nghwpahsu;fis mutizj;J
mij ek;gpAs;s gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd topelj;jNtz;Lk;.
 9
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ÿÔV|¬zD >·\VÔ ÷m c^·m.

BV·Ï ∂Áw›>>[ º√ˆ_ ÿkπBV‚Ô^

c^º· k´ xΩ•D. cˆÁ\BV·Ï ∂Áw›>>[
º√ˆ_ ÿkπBV_ kÕ>V_ ∂kÏ z§›>
s√´∫ÔÁ· x[Ì‚ΩºB √]° ÿƒFm
Œ©A>_ ∂π¬ÔÈVD. ®©º√Vm, BVÏ ®Õ>
T‚|¬ÔVÔ kÕ>VÏÔ^, ®[™ kVÔ™›]_
kÕ>VÏÔ^ ®[√m º√V[≈ s√´∫ÔÁ·
m_oB\VÔ √]° ÿƒFB ÷Õ> g©
º√Ú>sBVÔ ÷Ú¬zD.

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 61

∏_‚ ƒ©Á·! Á√©∏∫ ÿ´√´[¸ ©º´V
Ô ‚|\V™ √Ël[ º√Vm ÿƒÈ°
Ô‚¶¶∫Ôπ_ º\uÿÔV^·©√|D
∏·D∏∫ √ˬÔV™ kΩkÁ\©A
Ô¬zÔÁ· √]° ÿƒFB Ô”¬z kaÔV‚|D g© ÷m. ∏·D∏∫
c>°D, g© ÷m. ÷Õ]B ÛwK¬z z§›> ÿ√VmkV™ ∂§xÔ›Á> ∂π¬˛≈m.
∞u√ √B[√|›mD kÁÔl_ ÷Õ> g© ÷>™V_ Ô‚|\V™›mÁ≈ O‚√∫
kΩkÁ\¬Ô© √‚|^·m. ÔÁ· ®πÁ\BVÔ ∂Á™kÚD AˆÕm¬
\_ ÿƒ∫Ô_ ÔD∏ º√V[≈ ÿÔV^· xΩ•D. c∫Ô^ T‚| ∏·D∏∫
ÿ√VÚ‚ÔÁ· kV∫zD º√Vm ∂m z§›> √ˬz ®[ÿ™[™ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ kV∫Ô
s√´∫ÔÁ· ÿ\VÁ√_ º√VMºÈºB ºkı|D ®[Æ ∏·D√Ï ÌÆkÁ> ƒˆ √VϬÔ
√]° ÿƒFk>V_ ®©º√Vm ºkı| ÷m c>sBVÔ ÷Ú¬zD.
\V™VKD ƒˆ√VÏ¬Ô xΩ•D. ÷>uz x[
®[ÿ™[™ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ kV∫˛º™VD,
A]>V™ ®Àk·° kV∫z˛º≈VD ®[√Á>
√‚ÿ¤‚ º√V‚| ÷m ÿÔV|›ms|D. º\
KD, √ËBV·ÏÔÁ· √B[√|›mk>uz
÷]_ ®π>V™ √‚ÿ¤‚ º√V¶ xΩ•D.
ŒÚ ºkÁȬz ®Àk·° ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^

E¬ÔÈV™ ÷¶∫Ôπ_ ∏·D∏∫ √ËÔÁ·

º\uÿÔV^· zwVF ÷Á©AÔ^ ®©√Ω ÷Ú¬Ô
ºkı|D. ∂>uz º>ÁkBV™ ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^
z§›> kaÔV‚|>ÁÈ ÷m ∂π¬˛≈m. Ô‚|
\V™ mÁ≈l_ √ËAˆ•D Â√ÏÔ”¬zD √_ºkÆ
O‚√∫ÔÁ· ∑‚Ω¬ÔV‚|D kÁÔl_ ÷Õ> g©
kΩkÁ\¬Ô©√‚|^·m. √B[√V‚| WÁÈl_
º>Ák ®›>Á™ √ËBV·ÏÔ^ º>Ák
c^· Ô‚¶¶›]_ ∞>Vkm ∏·D∏∫ ∏´flƒÁ™
®[√Á> ŒÚ∫˛ÁÕ> xÁ≈l_
®[≈VKD, ∂Á> ƒˆBV ÿ>ˆÕm¬ÿÔV^· ÷Õ>
Ô¬˛¶ ÷m √B[√|D.
g© c>sÔ´\VÔ ÷Ú¬zD.

º\˜¬ ∏·V[!
A ]B Ô‚¶¶∫Ô”¬z kΩkÁ\©AÔÁ· cÚkV¬Ô
c>°D, g© ÷m. kw¬Ô\VÔ ÔVoBV™ √z]
Ôπ_ ∂Ω©√Á¶ ∂·°ÔÁ· c^C| ÿƒFm ∂>uz
∞u√ kΩkÁ\©AÔ^ cÚkV¬Ô©√|D.
g™V_ , ÷Õ> º\˜¬ ∏·V[ g© ∏_ Ô‚Ω
xΩ¬Ô©√‚| √B[√|›>©√|D Ô‚¶¶›][
AÁÔ©√¶›Á> c^C| ÿƒFm ∂>[ kΩkÁ\©AÔÁ·
cÚkV¬Ô xΩ•D. ÷>™V_ Ô‚¶¶ kΩkÁ\©√V·Ï
c>sl[§ ∂Ω©√Á¶ kΩkÁ\©AÔÁ· cˆÁ\
BV·ÏÔº· cÚkV¬ÔÈVD.

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 38

 ÷kuÆ^ c∫Ô^ ÔV[˛Ïˆ‚Á¶ √

ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶
√ˆºƒV]¬zD
ÂT™´Ô¬ ÔÚsÔ^ kV∫Ô ÿ¶¸‚ ÿƒFBÈVD!
koÁ\BV™ ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶

1. A]B ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ ~´WÁÈ √ˆºƒV]¬zD ÔÚsÔ^.

ŒÚ Ô‚¶¶›][
∂¬Ô‚¶›][ º\uÌÁ´ 2. ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ ÷Æ¬Ô (Compress) WÁÈ √ˆºƒV>Á™¬ ÔÚsÔ^.
(Roof Concrete) ®[≈V_ 3. ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ √´°D >[Á\ (Self Levelling) \uÆD \V]ˆ¬ ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶
(Sample Block) √ˆºƒV]¬zD ÔÚsÔ^
∂m tÁÔBVÔVm.
º\uÔı¶ J[Æ xÁ≈ ®[√m tÔ, tÔ, x¬˛B\V™
ÿ√VmkVÔ ÷[Á≈B Ô‚| √ˆºƒV>Á™Ô^ gzD. ÷m º√V[Æ √È √ˆºƒV>Á™Ô^ ÷Ú¬˛[≈™
\V™› mÁ≈l_ ÔV[˛Z‚ ®[≈V_ ÷Õ> J[Á≈© √u§ \‚|D ÷¬ Ô‚|Á´l_ sˆkVÔ¬
®[√m >sÏ¬Ô xΩBV> ÔVıº√VD.
ŒÚ x¬˛B ∂∫Ô\V˛ 1. A]B ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶fl (~´ WÁÈ )ºƒV]¬zD ÔÚsÔ^ Temperature
s‚¶m. ∂›>ÁÔB >[Á\ Recorder (Am¬ ÔV[˛Z‚ ÿk©√\VM) A]>VÔ› >BVˆ¬Ô©√‚¶ ÔV[
˛Z‚Ω[ ÿk©√D ®Àk·° ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[√Á> ∂§Õm ÿÔV^·
kVFÕ> ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ c>°D ƒV>™D ÷m m_oB\V™ ∂·T|ÔÁ·¬ ÔV‚|D. >Ôk_ÔÁ·
>´›Á>, cÆ]ÁB, ∂flE‚| ®|¬zD kƒ]•D ˛Á¶¬˛≈m. √]°ÔÁ· WÁ™s_ Ák›]
√ˆºƒV]¬Ô ºkıΩBm Ú¬zD√Ω ÿƒFm, º>Ák©√|ÁÔl_ √B[©√|›]¬ ÿÔV^·ÈVD.
tÔ, tÔ x¬˛B\V™ √]s≈¬ÔD ÿƒFm ∂flE‚| ®|¬ÔÈVD.
Œ[≈VzD. ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ 4. xÁ™ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı| ÂV[z ÷¶∫Ôπ_ ÿk©√ WÁÈÁB
∂·¬Ô Ák¬ÔÈVD. 15000 √]°Ô^ kÁ´ ÁÔBV^k>uÔV™ kƒ]•D
>´D zÁ≈Õ>V_ ∂>™V_ cı|. ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩB √´©Á√ xøÁ\BVÔ g´VB ÷m
∞u√|D, ÿ√VÚ^ \uÆD c>°D.
clÏ Âi¶D ∂_Èm ÔVuÆ© ∏Ω©A *‚¶Ï (air entrainment meter)
÷w©A ®[√m ~|ÿƒFB ÔV[˛Z‚ >·¬zD ÿkπ©A≈¬ ÔVuÁ≈fl EÁ≈©√|›] Ák›m¬
xΩBV> Œ[≈VÔ© ÿÔV^”D >[Á\ ÿÔVı¶>VÔ ÷Ú¬zD.÷ÀkVÆ ÔVuÁ≈© ∏Ω›m¬
ÔÚ>©√|k]™Vl_, ÿÔV^”D >[Á\ ®Õ> ∂·°¬z ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[√Á>•D ∂·s¶
ºkı|D.
ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶© √ˆºƒV]¬Ô, ÷>uz 5 o‚¶Ï ÿÔV^··° ÿÔVı¶ √V›]´D Œ[Á≈
÷[Á≈B ÂT™ ÔVÈ›]_, ®|›m¬ ÿÔV^kVÏÔ^. ÷Õ> √V›]´›][ JΩ ÿkz sÁ´kVÔ
√_ºkÆ kÁÔBV™ A] JΩ¬ÿÔV^”D. ÷]_ ∂ø›>›Á> ∂Á·s|D ÔÚs Œ[ÆD
B √ˆºƒV>Á™¬ ÔÚsÔ^ ÿ√VÚ›>©√‚ΩÚ¬zD. ∞uÔ™ºk ∂·°Ô^ z§¬Ô©√‚¶ xÔ©A
Œ[§[ *m ÂÔÚD x^Á·¬ ÿÔVı| ÔVu§[ ∂ø›>›Á>
ƒÕÁ>¬z kÕm^·™. ∂·s¶ÈVD. ÔVuÆ© √D©A \uÆD >‚Ωs|D Ôa g˛Bkuƶ[
∂kuÆ^ EÈkuÁ≈© √u§ Œ‚|ÿ\V›>› ÿ>Vz©√VÔ ÷Õ>fl ƒV>™D ˛Á¶¬˛≈m.
÷¬Ô‚|Á´l_ √VÏ©º√VD Ô™ ∂·°¬Ô¬ˇ‚| kVπÔ^ (Vloumetric Weight Buckets)
∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 46
 ÿ√V§.\Vˆx›m´VÎ
Á¶ √ˆºƒV]¬Ô ®Õ> xÁ≈ E≈Õ>m?

\uÆD >Vº™ ÷ÆzD ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶fl ºƒV]¬Ô

(ÿv_© ÔVD√V¬Ω∫ ÔV[˛Z‚) ÂT™ ÔÚsÔ”D
c^·™.
2. ÷ƬÔfl ºƒV>Á™¬ ÔÚsÔ^ Á«‚´Vo¬ ´VD (Hydraulic
Ram)
¿ˆ[ ∂ø›>›Á>© √B[√|›] ÷B¬Ô©√|D
ÔÚsÔ^ \uÆD ƒV>™∫ÔÁ· Á«‚´Vo¬
÷BÕ]´∫Ô^ ®[Æ kÁÔ©√|›mkm
kw¬ÔD. ÷›>ÁÔB ÔÚsÔ^ Â_È, cÆ]BV™
Ô‚¶Á\©∏uz^ ÿ√VÚ›>©√‚ΩÚ¬zD, ÷Õ>¬
ÔÚsÔÁ· cÚkV¬zk>uzfl E≈©A kÁÔ ÷ÚDA
√B[√|›>©√‚ΩÚ¬zD. c´VFÁk¬ zÁ≈¬zD
s›]ÈV™ ∞u√V|Ô^ ÷BÕ]´›][ m_oB›Á>
∂]Ôˆ¬zD. ÷]_ ÔV[˛Z‚ Ô‚ΩÔÁ· ÷‚|
ºƒV>Á™¬z c‚√|›> ºkı|D.
ºÈV‚ ‡º√´DÔ^ & ∏º·‚¶[Ô^ (Load
A]>VÔ› >BVˆ¬Ô©√|D ÔV[˛Z‚ Frames, and Platens)
®Àk·° Ô™ ∂·suz ®Àk·° ®Á¶
ÿÔVı¶>VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[√Á> ÷BÕ]´∫Ôπ[ >[Á\
WÏl¬Ô ÷Õ> kÁÔ kVπÔ^ ®™V\_ ÿ√VmkVÔ WÏl¬Ô©√|km ∂Ák
√´©Á√¬ ÿÔVı¶ ÷ÚDA kVπÔ·VÔ ∂Ω©√Á¶BV™ ¿·, ∂ÔÈ, cB´
÷Ú¬zD. kV‚¶∫Ôπ_ ÷B∫zD >[Á\
ÁB© ÿ√VÚ›m>V[. Ô‚¶¶
Object Oebetrineter & Concrete Needle
kΩkÁ\©AÔπ_ #ıÔ^Kn
Penetrometer (ÿ√M‚º´V*‚¶Ï) ∂Á\¬zDº√VmD ÷Á>¬ ÔÚ›]u
ÔV[˛Z‚ ®Õ> ∂·°¬z› ÿÔVıº¶ cÚkV¬zkm kw¬ÔD.
mÁ·¬Ô©√¶¬ ÌΩB>VÔ ÷º>º√V_ zƬzfl ƒ‚¶∫Ô^ \
÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[√Á> ∂·s¶°D uÆD c›>´∫ÔÁ·•D ∂Á\¬Ô
EÈ ÔÚsÔ^ º>Ák©√|D. ºkı|D. ÷ku§[ ]Ú©A› ]≈Á™
÷Ák ÿ√M‚º´V*‚¶Ï ®[Æ ∂·s|k>uz› ]ÚÔVËÔÁ·©
z§©∏¶©√|D. ÷Õ> ÿ√M‚º´V √B[√|›m˛≈VÏÔ^. >V∫Ô©√¶
*‚¶ÏÔ^ √V¬ÿÔ‚ ÿ√M‚º´V*‚¶Ï ºkıΩB √”suz› >zÕ>√Ω ÷Õ>
\uÆD ¿Ω_ ÿ√M‚º´V*‚¶Ï ®[ÆD sÁƒÔÁ·¬ Ô¬˛¶ c>°D ÔÚsÔ^
∂Áw¬Ô©√|D. ÔV[˛Z‚|¬z^ ÷Ú¬˛[≈™. ÷BÕ]´ kΩkÁ\©A
ÔD∏ ∂_Èm ªE º√V[≈ ÿ√VÚÁ·fl ®π>VÔ¬ ÁÔBV·©√¶ c>sBVÔ
ÿƒK›]™V_, ∂>Á™ ®Õ> ∂·°¬z¬ ÷Ú¬zD s>›]_ √u≈ Ák©A© √z]
ÔV[˛Z‚ c^º· ∂–\]¬˛≈m ÔÁ·•D ÷Á›]Ú©√VÏÔ^.
®[√Á>fl ºƒV]¬Ô ÷Õ> kÁÔfl
ƒV>™∫Ô^ c>°˛[≈™.
√V_ ¢‚Ω∫ ∂ÿƒD∏π (Ball Seating
Assembly)
÷Ák >s´ ∂Á´Ák ÷BÕ]´D,
®ıÿF x>ÈV™, c´VFÁk¬
∏Ω©√V[Ô^, ÿÔ_s ÿ√_,
zÁ≈¬zD ÿ√VÚ‚Ô”¬z^ Jµ˛
ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ ÊÏ >[Á\ ∂·s|D
÷Ú¬zmD cÚıÁ¶Ô^ ÷›>ÁÔB
*‚¶Ï ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[ ]´”D >[Á\
∂Á\©Á√ ∞u√|›m˛[≈™.
ÁB ∂·s¶ c>°D ƒV>™∫Ô^,
ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩB √z]•¶[
ÔVD√V¬Ω∫ ‡º√¬¶Á´ ∂·s|D
ÿ√VÚ›>\VÔ ÷Á›m ÷Á©A
ƒV>™D, ÔV[˛ZΩ[ √VFÁk c´
sÈ˛ s¶V\_ ÷Ú¬z\VÆ ÿ√VÚ›]¬
c>°D √ kΩk© ÿ√‚Ω, ÔV[˛Z‚Ω[
ÿÔV^· kƒ] ÷Ú¬zD.
√VF° ºkÔ›Á> ∂§B √VF° º\Áƒ,

∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 47

Á«‚´Vo¬ √kÏ RM‚ (Hydraulic Power Unit)
>VMB∫˛ xÁ≈l_ ÷B¬Ô©√|D
÷BÕ]´∫Ô^ º>Ák©√|D sÁƒÁB ∂Õ>
÷BÕ]´∫Ôπ[ ŒÚ √z]lºÈºB Ô‚|©√|›mD
kƒ]ÁB¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD. ÷Õ> ÷BÕ]´∫Ôπ_
÷´ı| √DAÔ^ x¬˛B©√∫z k˛¬zD. cBÏ
∂ø›>D \uÆD zÁ≈° ∂ø›>›]_ ÷Ák
÷B¬Ô©√¶¬ Ì|D. ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩB √z]
ÁB ÂÔ´ s¶V\_ ÿ√VÚ›]¬ ÿÔVı| cBÏ,
zÁ≈° ∂ø›>© √DAÔÁ· ÷B¬˛fl ºƒV]¬ÔÈVD.
®ıÿF, Ô‚|©√|›>©√‚¶ s>›]_
√VFflƒ©√‚| ÷BÕ]´© √z]Ô^ ®π>VÔ ÂÔ´
kÁÔ ÿƒFB©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
ÁÔ©∏ΩÁB¬ ÿÔVı| ÷B¬zD s>›]
ÈV™ \V]ˆÔ”D ÷Ú¬˛[≈™. ∂ø›>›]uz©
ÿ√VÚ›>\V™ kÁÔl_ ºƒV]¬Ô ºkıΩB
√z]ÁB¬ Ô‚|©√V‚|¬z^ Ák¬Ô xΩ•D.
∂ø›>›][ sÁ·°ÔÁ·› >V∫˛¬ ÿÔV^·¬
ÌΩB ∂Ω›>·D kKkVÔ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
√´°D >[Á\ \uÆD \V]ˆ ÔV[˛Z‚Á¶fl
ºƒV]¬zD ÔÚsÔ^ .
º√V¬ÔÏ Ák©º´‚¶Ï (Poker Vibrator)
ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶
c^· ÔV[˛Z‚
Ô‚Ω Â[≈VÔ¬
zK¬˛s¶©√‚|›
>BVˆ¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬Ô
ºkı|D. ÷Õ> zK¬˛
s|D ºkÁÈÁBfl
ƒˆBVÔfl ÿƒFk>uz
÷Õ> kÁÔ¬ ÔÚsÔ^
√B[√|˛[≈™.
zK¬˛ s|D
xÁ™Ô^ 25 t.* zƬԷ°D 220 t.* ¿·xD
ÿÔVı¶ÁkBVÔ ÷Ú¬zD.
ÔVuÆ ∂ø›] (Electric Copressor)
∂ø›>©√‚¶ ÔVuÁ≈© √B[√|›] ÷Õ>
ºƒV>Á™ÔÁ· º\uÿÔV^· ºkıΩ ÷Ú¬zD.
÷>uÔV™ ÔVu≈ø›]ÔÁ·•D ÿ√VÚ›>\
VÔ› º>ÏÕÿ>|¬Ô ºkı|D. 50 o‚¶Ï
ÿÔV^··°^· ÿ>V‚ΩÁB¬ ÿÔVı¶ ƒV>™D
∞u≈>VÔ ÷Ú¬zD. Wt¶›]uz 110 o‚¶Ï
ÔVuÁ≈ ÿkπ©√|›mD ]≈[ ∂kEB\VÔ
÷Ú¬zD. ∂]Ô √‚ƒ ∂ø›>D 10 √VÏ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD.
∂ø›>›Á>¬ zÁ≈©√>uÔV™ ∞u√V|Ô”D
÷›>ÁÔ· ÷BÕ]´∫Ôπ_ ÿ√VÚ›>©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
zK¬˛s|D º\ÁƒÔ^ (Vibrating Tables )
ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩB ÔV[˛Z‚ \V]ˆÔÁ·
º\Áƒ º\_ Ák›mfl ºƒV]¬Ô ºkıΩ kÚD.
÷>uÔV™ º\ÁƒÔ^ ®Á¶ zÁ≈kV™ÁkBVÔ
÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. ÷¶D s‚| ÷¶D ®|›mfl
ÿƒ_È ®π>VÔ ÷Ú©√m ∂kEBD. t[
÷Á©Á√ ∞u√|›>°D WÆ›>°D sÁƒÔ^
ÿ√VÚ›>© √‚ΩÚ¬Ô ºkı|D. ∂fl∑¬Ôπ[
∂·° ŒÀÿkVÚ √¬Ô›]uzD 15 ÿƒ.*. kÁ´
÷Ú¬ÔÈVD.
\V]ˆÔÁ· ¿´Vu≈_ (Curin of Concrete Samples)
ºƒV>Á™¬ÔVÔ
®|›m¬
ÿÔV^·©√|D \V]
ˆÔÁ· ¿´VuÆfl
ÿƒFk>uz› >M›
ÿ>V‚ΩÔÁ·©
√B[√|›mkVÏÔ^.
÷Õ>› ÿ>V‚ΩÔ^
÷ÚD∏™V_
ÿƒFB©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
t[™b›
ÿ>Va_O‚√›Á>© √B[√|›] ÿk©√›Á>¬
Ô‚|©√|›mD kƒ]Ô^ ÷Ú¬zD
ÿ>V‚Ωl[ c‚A≈›]_ m¬ÔÂVÔ© Øfl∑¬
ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬zD. ÿ>V‚Ωl[ ÿkπ©A≈D
ÿ√lı‚ ∂Ω¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩB \V]ˆÔÁ· ÷´ı|
>‚|¬Ôπ_ Ák›m c^º· ÿƒK›>°D ÿkπl_
®|¬Ô°D kƒ]Ô^ ÷Ú¬zD. 15 ÿƒ.*. ∂·°^·
√¬Ô∫ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı¶ 70 \V]ˆÔÁ· c^º·
Ák¬ÔÈVD. 20 ÿƒ.*. ∂·° ÿÔVı¶ cÚÁ·
®[≈V_ 35 kÁ´ Ák¬ÔÈVD. ∏·V¸Ω¬ cÚkD
ÿÔVı¶ ÿ>V‚Ω, ÿk©√›Á>fl ƒV>V´
xÁ≈l_ Ô‚|©√|›mD ∞u√V| g˛Bkuƶ[
˛Á¶¬zD ÿ>V‚ΩÔ^ ƒuÆ sÁÈ zÁ≈Õ>ÁkBVÔ
÷Ú¬zD.
¿º´VuÆD ºkÔ›Á> ∂]Ôˆ›m º>Ák©√|D
ÔVÈ ∂·Ák¬ zÁ≈©√>uzˆB ÿ>V‚ΩÔ”D
˛Á¶¬˛[≈™. c‚A≈D ¸ÿ¶l[ÿȸ ¸œÈV_
∂Á\¬Ô©√‚| ÿkπl_ ÷ÚDA› >Ô‚¶V_
J¶©√‚ΩÚ¬zD. ÷Á¶©√‚¶ √z]l_ ÿk©√›
>|©A© ÿ√VÚ‚Ô”D ÿ√VÚ›>©√‚ΩÚ¬zD,
Á\B¬ ÔVuº≈V‚¶ kƒ]•¶[ ÌΩB º\uA≈ JΩ
÷ÆÔ J¶›>¬Ô>VÔ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
200 kV‚ ]≈[ ÿÔVı¶ t[ ÿk©√
cu√›]fl ∑Ú^Ô”D ÿ√VÚ›>©√‚ΩÚ¬zD.
÷ku§[ ÿƒB_√V‚Á¶ t[™– xÁ≈l_
Ô‚|©√|›>ÈVD. ÿk©√D Ê´VÔ ∂]Ôˆ¬Ô©√|D
kÁÔl_ 6 WÁÈÔÁ· ∞u√V| ÿƒFm Ák¬ÔÈVD.
∂]Ô√‚ƒ\VÔ ŒÀÿkVÚ Ô‚¶›]KD 9 \Ë 59
Wt¶D kÁ´ ÿk©√›Á> WÁÈ WÆ›> xΩ•D.
÷B_√V™ ∂Á≈ ÿk©√WÁÈl_ ÿ>V¶∫˛
100 Ω˛ˆ ÿƒ_EB¸ kÁ´ ÿk©√›Á> \Vu§
∂Á\¬ÔÈVD.
 Œ Ú
÷¶›]_
º¤E∏ ÷BÕ]´D
g´D√›]_ º¤E∏
÷BÕ]´∫Ô^ ÿk^Á·
\uÆD EÔ©A
ºkÁÈ ÿƒFm W≈›]_>V[ ÷ÚÕ>™.
ÿÔVıΩÚ¬˛≈m g™V_ ∏[ ÂV‚Ôπ_
®[≈V_, ∂>Á™ ∂kÏÔ^ \fiƒ^ W≈›]
ºkΩ¬ÁÔ √VÏ¬Ô uz \V§s‚¶™Ï.
÷[≈·°D ÷Õ] ÷Õ> W≈D ÔV´\VÔ
BVs_ ÿ√ÚD √Ô_ ∂_Èm ÷´° ®™
Ì‚¶º\ ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®ÕºÂ´D ®[≈VKD
®[≈V_ √VÏ›m º¤E∏ ÷BÕ]´D √VÏÁk¬z
ÿÔV^”∫Ôº·[. ®π>VÔ AÈ©√|D. ÷mºk ÷Õ> W≈›]uÔV™
∂>[ ºkÁÈ ∂©√Ω. ÔV´D. ÷>[ JÈ\VÔ Ô‚|\V™D c^π‚¶
Ô¶Õ> EÈ \V>∫ √ËÔ^ ÂÁ¶ÿ√uÆ ÿÔVıΩÚ©√Á> ŒÚk´V_
Ô”¬z x[A #JCBKiKhudayi ®[≈ ®π>VÔ ∂§Õm ÿÔV^· xΩ•D. ∂>uz›>V[ ÷Õ>
º«iº¶¬ ‚ÿ´ı‚ g™m. #JCBKiKhudayi \fiƒ^ ÔÈÚ ˜∫zflƒV...
®[√>uz ∂Ï›>D ®[™ ÿ>ˆ•\V? º¤E∏ ƒˆ, ÷M º¤E∏ ÷BÕ]´D √u§B º\KD EÈ
÷BÕ]´D *m \¬Ô^ ÿÔVı|^· ∂[√V_, ∑kV´¸B\V™ >Ôk_ÔÁ· ÿ>ˆÕm ÿÔV^·ÈVD.
÷Õ]BVs_ #JCBKiKhudayi º«iº¶¬ º¤.E.√VD‡º√VÏ| ®¬¸ÔVºk‚¶Ï¸ otÿ¶‚
√B∫Ô´\VÔ Ωÿ´ı‚ g™m ®[√m ®[≈ WÆk™D >V[ (J.C. Bamford Excavators
z§©∏¶›>¬Ôm. Ltd) ƒÏkº>ƒ ∂·s_ ∑Ú¬Ô\V™ º¤E∏ ®™
ƒˆ, º¤E∏ ÷BÕ]´D ∞[ \fiƒ^ W≈›]_ ∂§B©√|˛≈m. ÷m ÷∫˛ÈVÕÁ> ºƒÏÕ> WÆk™D
÷Ú¬˛≈m? ®[ ¿∫Ô^ ®[≈Vkm ºBVE›>m gzD. Ô‚|\V™D, skƒVBD \uÆD Ôa°
cı¶V? º\ÈVıÁ\ c^π‚¶ √ËÔ”¬z º>ÁkBV™

®>uz ÷Õ> \fiƒ^ W≈D?

∂Úı x›m º¤E∏ WÆk™D √u§ c∫Ô”¬z› ÿ>ˆBV> ∑kV´EB\V™ >Ôk_Ô^..
÷BÕ]´∫ÔÁ· º¤E∏ WÆk™D cu√›] ÿƒFm
kÚ˛≈m. º¤E∏ WÆk™›][ >BVˆ©AÔ^
÷Õ]BV c^√¶ 150 ¬zD ∂]Ô\V™ ÂV|Ôπ_
su√Á™ ÿƒFB©√‚| kÚ˛[≈™. gEBV,
nº´V©√V, k¶ ∂ÿ\ˆ¬ÔV \uÆD ÿ>[
∂ÿ\ˆ¬ÔV ®™ cÈ˛[ 4 Ôı¶∫Ôπ_
÷ÕWÆk™›][
ÿ>VauƒVÁÈÔ^ ÷B∫˛
kÚ˛[≈™. ÷Õ> 4
Ôı¶∫Ôπ_ ÷ÕWÆk™›]
uzfl ÿƒVÕ>\V™ 22
ÿ>VauƒVÁÈÔ^ c^·™.
cÈ˛_ Ô‚|\V™›]u
ÔV™ x>_ ´V‚ƒƒ ÷BÕ]´D
º¤E∏ >V[.
ÿ√BÏ ®m°D Û‚¶©√¶V\_ >V[, Ô¶Õ>
1945D gı| ÷m ∂§xÔD ÿƒFB©√‚¶m. ÷>[
WÆk™Ï ¿ı¶ ÔVÈ\VÔ ÷>uz ÿ√BÁ´ ºBVE›m
ÿÔVıº¶ ÷ÚÕ>VÏ. g™V_ ®m°D ∏Ω√¶s_
ÁÈ. ÷Æ]BVÔ ÷ÕWÆk™›][ WÆk™ˆ[
ÿ√Bº´ Û‚¶©√‚¶m. ∂k´m ÿ√BÏ º¤Vƒ©
Eˆ_ √VD‡º√VÏ|.
c∫Ô”¬z ŒÚ sƒBD ÿ>ˆ•\V? ÷Õ]
BVs_ ÿ>VauƒVÁÈÁB ∂Á\›> x>_
>MBVÏ ∏ˆ‚œi ÔDÿ√M º¤E∏ >V[. 1945ä_
º¤Vƒ© Eˆ_ √VD‡º√VÏ| x>_ ÷BÕ]´›Á>
kΩkÁ\›>VÏ. Ω©∏∫ Ωÿ´FÈ´V™ (ȬºÔÎ
Ωÿ´FÈÏ) ÷m º√VÏ c√ˆ √VÔ∫Ôπ_ ÷ÚÕm
Ô‚¶Á\¬Ô©√‚¶m.
÷m ∂Õ> ƒ\B›]_ \VϬÿÔ‚Ω_ 45
√°ı‚Ô”¬z su√Á™ ÿƒFB©√‚¶m ∂>Vkm
>uº√VÁ>B WÁÈl_ √VÏ›>V_ 4 gl´D ‘√VF
>V[. ∂©º√Vm ÷Õ]BVs_ ƒk´[ >∫ÔD ‘.195
®[√m z§©∏¶›>¬Ôm.
g´D√›]_ º´V| º´VÈÏ º√VÈ ÿ\mkVÔ›
>V[ º¤E∏ ÷BÕ]´∫Ô^ ƒVÁÈÔπ_ √BË›>™.
g™V_ ∂Õ> WÁÈ•D ∏[™Vπ_ \V§Bm.
cÈ˛[ x>_ \uÆD ºkÔ\V™ ¸¨|
Ω´V¬¶´V™ ‡√V¸‚º´¬ÁÔ Ô¶Õ> 1991D
gı| º¤E∏ WÆk™D cÚkV¬˛Bm. ÷m 65 ˛*
ºkÔxÁ¶B>VÔ ÷ÚÕ>m. g™V_ ÿƒ[≈ g[Ω_
ÂkD√Ï 16 gD º>] cÈ˛[ ∂]ºkÔ Ω´V¬¶Á´
º¤E∏ WÆk™D 153 ˛t ºkÔ›]_ ÿƒ_ȬÌΩB
‡√V¸‚º´¬ \V¶ÁÈ ∂§xÔD ÿƒFm ˛[™¸
A›>Ô›]_ ÷¶D ∏Ω›>m.
º¤E∏ √u§ ÿ√ÚÁ\BVÔfl ÿƒV_KD º√Vm
÷©√Ω ÿƒV_kÏÔ^. \ı ∂^”D ÷BÕ]´D
®[´VºÈ º¤E∏ ®[Æ >V[ ÿ√B´V˛ s‚¶>V_
∂º> º√V_ ÷BÕ]´›Á> >BVˆ›m suzD
÷[ÿ™VÚ ∏´√È WÆk™xD ̶ º¤E∏
÷BÕ]´D ®™ ÿƒV_o >V[ su√VÏÔ·VD.
'cÈ˛_
' Ô‚|\V™›]u
ÔV™ x>_ ´V‚ƒƒ ÷BÕ]´D
º¤E∏ >V[.
''
''
÷m \‚|\_È, º¤E∏ √u§B ÷Õ> sƒBD
c∫Ô”¬z gflƒˆB›Á> ∞u√|›>ÈVD. º¤E∏
WÆk™D, ÿ>V¶∫Ô©√‚¶ º√Vm 1948D gıΩ_,
º¤E∏ WÆk™›]_ √ËBVu§B ªaBÏÔπ[
®ıˬÁÔ ÿkÆD gÆ>V[. g™V_ ÷[Æ
∂ÕWÆk™›]_ cÈÔD xøkmD 11 gl´›]uzD
∂]Ô\V™ ªaBÏÔ^ √ËBVu§ kÚ˛[≈™Ï.
÷Õ> ÿÔV´V™V ʃM_ ̶ ŒÚ ÿ>VaÈVÁÈÁB¬
̶ T‚|¬z ∂–©√V\_ Ák›]ÚÕ>
∂ÕWÆk™D cu√›] \uÆD su√Á™ ∏ˆ°Ôπ_
√ËBVuÆD ∂›>Á™ ªaBÔ”¬zD \V>V
\V>D xøfl ƒD√·›Á>•D ªaBÏÔ^ Ô¬˛_
>k≈V\_ ÿƒK›] s‚¶>VD.. ÷›>Á™¬zD
cu√›] ˝º´V kVÔ ÷ÚÕ> ƒ\BD ∂m.. º¤E∏
l_ ºkÁÈ ˛Á¶¬Ô ºkı|ÿ\[≈VKD ƒˆ
∞ÿ¤[E ®|¬Ô ºkı|ÿ\[´VKD ƒˆ ¿∫Ô^
zÁ≈Õ> √‚ƒD ∏.÷ √Ω›]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√m
ÿÔV∑Æ >Ôk_.
®_ÈVD ƒˆ √^·D º>Vı|>_, ÷Ω›>_ ,
√V´D ∑\›>_ g˛B ºkÁÈÔÁ· ÿƒF•D º¤E∏
®[˛≈ ÷BÕ]´D k´V\oÚÕ>V_ Ô‚|
\V™› mÁ≈l_ WÈk´D ®[™ g˛ ÷Ú¬zD.?
®›>Á™ \M> cÁw©A º>Ák©√|D,
ºkÁÈ ºÂ´D? WÁ™¬Ôºk ∏´t©√VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m.
∂º> ƒ\BD º¤E∏, ˛º´[Ô^ ÷_ÈV\_ ÂD
√V‚¶[\VÏÔ^ Ô‚ΩB Ô_ÈÁ™•D, ÿ√ˆB
ºÔVlKD Â\¬z ÷[–D ÿ√ÚD ∏´t©Á√›
>Ú˛≈m.
 ÿƒ∫Ô_ ∑kÏÔ^ Ô‚¶©√‚|^·™.
T|Ôπ[ ∂Ω›>· gwD
÷Õ>

ŒÚ √¬Ô\VÔfl 10’0” (3.00 *) kÁ´ \ı

Á› º>VıΩ© º√V¶©
ƒVFkº>[? √‚|^·™. g™V_
÷kÚÁ¶B T‚| ∂Ω›>·D
ÌÁ´© √ÈÔ›]_ sˆƒ_ 7’0” ∂Ωl_ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚¶m.
søkº>[? Ô¶Õ> 2015 Ô™ \Áw¬
ÿ√V§QÏ.∂.T´©√[ z© ∏[ (ÿƒ[Á™ \VÂÔÏ
ŒÚ kV´›]uz ÿk^·›]_ ÿ√V§.∂.T´©√[
t>Õ>m), ÷kÚÁ¶B Madras
Terrace ÌÁ´›>·›]_ ∑kÏÔ”¬z ÷ÁBVÔ
ºÂϬºÔV| º√V‚¶m º√VÈ ä sˆƒ_ søÕm^·m.
E§B OıËB sˆƒ_>V[. ∂>[ ka ¿Ï¬ÔE°
∞u√‚|fl ∑kÏÔπKD √¶ÏÕm^·m.
÷Õ>¬ ÌÁ´›
>· sˆƒ_ ∞[
∞u√‚|^·m? ÷Á>
®©√Ωfl ƒˆ ÿƒFkm
®[Æ ÔÚ›mÁ´
ÿƒ [≈ kV´D tÔ°D
ÿ>ˆÕ> ÿ√Vm©
√Ë›mÁ≈© ÿ√V§BV·Ï ä
ºÔ‚¶VÏ.
÷Õ> T‚|¬
({F° ÿ√u≈kÏ) Âı√Ï ŒÚkÏ Ô‚¶¶D xøÁ\
®D ∂KkÈÔD kÕm Ô‚|\V™D BV™ xÁ≈l_
ÿ>V¶Ï√VÔfl EÈ ∂FB∫ÔÁ· √VÏÁkl¶© √‚¶m.
®ø©∏™VÏ. √¬ÔkV‚|fl ∑kÏÔπ_
∂kÚÁ¶B T| 75 gı|Ô”¬z x[A ®Õ> sˆƒKD sˆƒKD sws_ÁÈ. ∂Ω›>·
Ô‚¶©√‚¶ √V´Õ>V∫zD ∑k´Á\©AÁ¶Bm. \‚¶›]KD (ƒ[™_ ˇµ \‚¶D & º\_ \‚¶D)
>Á´›>· \‚¶›]KD ®Õ> ÷≈¬ÔxD ÷_ÁÈ. ∂Ω›>·
\ıbD Ôπ\ıVÔ ÷_ÁÈ. kı¶_ ÔÈÕ>
\ÈVÔºk c^·m.
÷ÀT‚Ω[ ÷¶©√¬Ô¬ Ô‚¶xD kÈ©√¬Ô¬
Ô‚¶¶xD ÷Õ> T‚| ∂Ω›>·›]uz¬ ˇºw
10’1” ∂Ω gwD ®|›m ∂Ω›>·D ∂Á\›>Á\
BV_ ä ÷kÚÁ¶B ÷Ú√¬Ôfl ∑kÏÔ”D (7’0” ∂Ω
gw›]_ ∂Ω›>· xÁ¶BÁk) tÔ tÔ tÔ OıËB
∂·s_ ÷Ú√¬Ô∫Ô”D tÔ tÔ¬ zÁ≈kVF ®]Ï
®]Ï› ]Áƒl_ ƒVFÕ]Ú¬ÔÈVD. ÷>™V_ ÌÁ´›t>·D
sˆkÁ¶Õm (Under tension due to minute elongation) ÌÁ´›
>·›]_ º\uA≈›]_ OıËB sˆƒ_ ä ºÂϬºÔV|
ÿƒ[Á™l_ ˇµ©√V¬ÔD √z]l_ c^·m. º√V‚¶m º√V_ ∞u√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m. 2015¬z© ∏[™Ï
>Á´›>·D + x>u>·xÁ¶Bm. Madras ÷Õ> sˆƒ_ º\KD sˆkÁ¶BV\_ (Dormant ) ∂º>
Terrace ®™©√|D ÌÁ´ kÁÔ©√‚¶m. 6 ∂·s_ c^·m.
\V>∫Ô”¬z x[ ∂kÏ T‚|fl ∑kÁ´ Œ‚Ω sˆƒÁÈ \Á≈¬zD sˆƒ_ W´©A (Crack Filler)
√¬Ô›m T‚|¬ÔV´Ï ÔVÏ WÆ›>¬ ÿÔV‚¶ÁÔ ÿÔVı| sˆƒo_ v √^·ÿ\|›m ∂ø›>›m¶[
Œ[Á≈ ∂Á\›m^·VÏ. W´©√fl ÿƒV[º™VD. ÌÁ´›>·›][ *m sˆƒK¬z
ÿÔV‚¶ÁÔl[ ÿ>[√z]¬ ÌÁ´ ÷kÏ ÷Ú√¬Ô∫ÔπKD ¿Ï›>|©A ºk]lB_ ]´k›]_
T‚|© ÿ√Vmfl∑kˆ_ (1’1 1/2 = 340 t* ∂ÔÈD ÷ÚØfl∑Ô^ ØE ä ∂›>·›]_ ∞ø ÂV‚Ô^ >ıßÏ
ÿÔVı¶m) 4” (100t*) ∂·°¬z c^OÁw›m WÆ›]© √VÏ›]_ ~´¬ ÔE° ∞u√¶s_ÁÈ. sˆƒKD
ÌÁ´ º√V¶©√‚|^·m. ÷m >s´ ÷kÏ xu§K\VÔ ∂Á¶¬Ô©√‚¶m. ®™ºk √¬ÔkV‚|fl
T‚| ÷¶©√¬Ô›]KD kÈ©√¬Ô›]KD ∑kÏÔ^ OıËB ∂·s_ ƒVFÕ>VKD ÷›>ÁÔB
5 gı|Ô”¬z x[A G+2 >· T|Ô”D sˆƒ_ ∞u√¶ kVF©Aı|.
 fl;Lkhdk; mikf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; gpiofSk;
mtw;iw jtpw;Fk; topKiwfSk;

NfhlTdhf 1000 kg/sqm NyhL Vw;Wjy;.

5. fl;Lkhdk; mikf;Fk; NghJ ftdk; nrYj;jhik
6. ,Uk;g fk;gp mikf;Fk;NghJ B nla;ypq; ruptu
nra;ahik
7. fl;llq;fs; ruptu guhkupf;fhik
8. NkNy $wpa fhuzq;fshy; tYT+l;Lk; ,Uk;GJU
gpbj;jy;.
,Uk;Gj; JUgpbj;jy;
fl;Lkhdj;jpy; ,Uk;G JUgpbj;J fl;lk; gOjilt-
ij glk; 2 y; fhzyhk;. fl;llk; gOjiltjw;F ,Uk;G
JUgpbj;jy; xU Kf;fpa fhuzpahf cs;sJ. MfNt ,e;j
gpioia jtpu;ff ; ehk; vLf;f Ntz;ba ghJfhg;G Kiwfis
RUf;fkhf ghu;gN ; ghk;.
,Uk;g JUgpbf;fhky; ,Uf;f ftdpf;f Ntz;ba
tpjpKiwfs;
1. ,Uk;G fk;gp fl;b fl;llk; mikf;Fk;NghJ fhd;fpuPl;
nra;tjw;F ,Uk;G fk;gp ,ilNa Fiwe;jJ 50 mm
100 tUlq;fs; ed;whf ,ilntspahtJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,Uk;G kpf mlu;jj ; pahf
,aq;fty;y fhd;fpuPl; tPLfs; 20
,Uf;f $lhJ.
my;yJ 25 tUlq;fspy; gOjiltJ
2. tYT+l;Lk; ,Uk;G kz;> jz;zuP ; my;yJ kzy; jiu
Vd;? fhd;fpuPl; fl;llq;fs; gOjila
Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; juf;Fiwthf Nrkpf;f $lhJ. ,t;thW
xU Kf;fpa fhuzk; tYT+l;Lk;
Nrkpj;jhy; ,Uk;G fhd;fpuPl; mikg;gjw;F Kd;Ng JU Vw
,Uk;g fk;gp JUgpbg;gJ jhd;. fk;gp
tha;gG ; cs;sJ.
JU gpbg;gJ Vndd;why; fl;Lkhdk;
3. fhd;fpuPl; mikg;gjw;F Nru;ff ; g;gLk; nghUs;fspy;
mikf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; gpiofNs!
cg;G jd;ik ,Uf;f $lhJ. Kf;fpakhf kzy; kw;Wk;
,e;j gpiofis jtpu;ff ; htpl;lhy;
[y;yp> jz;zuP ; ,itfs; Rj;jkhf cg;G jd;ik ,y;yhky;
100 tUlq;fs; ed;whf ,aq;ff;$ba
ghu;jJ
; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
fl;Lkhdk; 15 my;yJ 20 tUlq;fspy;
4. ,Uk;G fk;gpia ed;whf xau; gpu~; nfhz;L Rj;jk;
gOjile;J tpLfpwJ. fl;llk;
nra;j gpd;dNu fhd;fpuPlb ; d; cs; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mikf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; gpiofis
5. fhd;fpuPl; mikf;Fk; NghJ juk; cau;ej ; jhf ,Uf;f
Kjypy; gl;baypLNthk;.
Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ rupahd jz;zuP ; rpnkz;l;
fl;Lkhdk; mikf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk;
tpfpjk; kw;Wk; ey;y ghuk; xu;f>; NkYk; rupahd ePu; Mw;wy;
gpiofs;
Mfpait kpf Kf;fpak;.
1. fl;llj;jpd; gSjhq;Fk;
6. fhd;fpuPl; mikf;Fk; NghJ ftu; kpf Kf;fpak;. rupahd
msit epu;zapf;fhky; fl;llj;jpd;
ftu; mika ftu; gpshf; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ghfq;fis tbtikf;fhky;
7. fpNul; 30 n/mm2 Nky; fhd;fpuPl; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fl;Lkhdj;ij mikj;jy;.
8. fhd;fpuPl; mikj;j gpwF mjd;Nky; gug;gpy; rupahd
2. Gay;> G+fk;gk; Nghy; ,aw;if
Nfhbq; nfhLj;J fhd;fpuPli ; l ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.
rPww
; j;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; Ny-
,Uk;G JU gpbj;jiy jtpu;jj ; hy; fl;llk; gOjilahky;
hil fzf;fplhky; fl;Lkhdj;ijj;
ePbj;J ciof;Fk;
mikj;jy;.
3. fl;Lkhd nghUs;fspd;
juj;ij rupahf filgpbf;fhky;
fl;Lkhdj;ij mikj;jy;.
4. fl;llj;jpd; Nky;
mjpfg;gbahd NyhL Vw;Wjy;
mjhtJ tbtikf;Fk;NghJ 200 kg/
sqm vd;w msTf;F tbtikj;J
fl;llj;ij cgNahf gLj;Jk;NghJ
∏_¶Ï¸ÁÈ[ | \VÏfl 2020 | 57