Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Human Settlement and Planning
Human Settlement and Planning
UNIT 1-5
Batch 2015-2020
Compiled by Ar. Issaki Navin., M.Arch (S.A)
CONTENTS
UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION 03
Elements of Human Settlements – Human beings and settlements – Nature Shells &
Network – their functions and Linkages – Anatomy & Classification of Human Settlements
– Location, Resource based, Population size & Occupational Structure.
What is Settlement?
Settlements inhabited by man.
Cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live.
Created through movement of man in space and definition of boundaries of territorial
interest for physical and institutional purpose.
Settlements Evolution:
In the long history from camp to village a handful of innovations accelerated the art of
settlement design. In the agricultural societies such an innovation may be symbolized by the
plow, for it boosted food production enough to free some people from tilling the soil and
enabled them to attend other pursuits. with the plow, man put his first lines on the earth‟s
surface. On the flat riverside flood lands-civilization‟s first tilled soil- the plow etched parallel
furrows which added up to a number of plots, more or less rectangular shape.
Function: The function of a settlement relates to its economic and social development and
Situation: describes where a settlement is located in relation to other surrounding features such
1. Shapeless cluster - without any regular street or with an irregular road which comes
up according to the local requirements, it may be of the massive type and dispersed
type.
2. Linear cluster-with a straight and specious street running network parallel rows of
houses.
3. Square or rectangular cluster-with straight streets running parallel or at right angles to
one another.
4. Settlement formed of isolated or dispersed homestead Settlements can further be
classified according to size and spacing into: clustered or compact and dispersed or
scattered.
SETTLEMENT HEIRARCHY:
i. Isolated dwellings
Such settlement consists of individual units. It can be termed as the initial stage of development
of a settlement.
An isolated dwelling would only have 1 or 2 buildings or families in it.
iii. Villages
When many hamlets combine they form a village. The reason for such grouping may be due to
interdependencies of one hamlet on another, thus to form a self-sufficient unit.
iv. Towns
A town is a larger entity which is more self-sufficient, has a stronger economic base.
v. Cities
Where large concentration of people exists, multiple economic activities exist.
vi.Metropolis
Metropolis is a large city, with a population of at least one million living in its urban
agglomeration.
vii. Megalopolis
An extensive, metropolitan area or a long chain of continuous metropolitan areas.
viii. Ecumenopolis
The entire area of earth that is taken up by human settlements.
TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS:
There is a great variation in the settlement types due to geographical, cultural and economical
factors, settlements can be broadly classified into.,
Temporary Settlement
Permanent Settlement
Urban Settlement
Rural Settlement
There are many reasons why humans make the choice they do about building settlements.
Factors include:
Physical Factors
People who share a common language, religion or cultural, social network or supports
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Quality of life
Employment
Factors can be push or pull. Push factors encourage a family to emigrate (pushes them to
leave a location). Pull factor encourage a family to immigrate (pulls them to move to a
location).
PUSH FACTORS:
Population pressure
Poor infrastructure
Inadequate jobs
Bad educational options
Poor health care
Ecological problems
Natural disasters
Social compulsions
PULL FACTORS:
First Urban settlements appeared as small cities in a plain or as fortresses on hills and
mountains (5,000 – 6,000 years ago)
Expansion of nucleus in one or more directions
Structure and form of Human Settlements – Linear, non-linear and circular – Combinations
– Reasons for Development – Advantages and Disadvantages – Case Studies – Factors
influencing the growth and decay of Human Settlements.
LINEAR SETTLEMENTS:
Linear settlement pattern can be considered special cases of point pattern distributions
that vary in one dimension as point along the line.
Linear settlement patterns are generally associated with linear features, either natural
or human built.
Linear feature in nature that may influence settlements patterns include water courses -
Shorelines, canyons, ridge tops and boundaries between environment zones.
Built of defined linear features associated with linear settlement patterns including
roads and rails, canals and even political boundaries.
Development and expansion of linear settlement patterns is not restricted to points
directly on or adjacent to linear feature.
Advantages: A direct line of travel for centrally directed flows Economics of a single
centralized terminal or origin point.
Disadvantages: Central congestion local flow problems. Difficult building sites.
An organizational of streets that lie perpendicular to one another, the grid is among
the most controlled of settlement patterns
The square or rectangle plots which the grid defines exercise a discipline upon the
form of buildings within its compass
Grid plans are rarely the result of social imperatives within the vernacular cultures, but
are almost invariable imposed
Uniform „modules‟ of plots and building on grid plans have been traced in the Indus
Valley from the 3rd Millennium B.C
Grid plans have extensively adopted by planners to regularize and contain the
world‟s squatter settlements of the late 20th century.
Efficiency in the use of public land, minimizing of street lengths, the provision of sites
and services, sewage disposal and electricity supply are among the economic
arguments of modern grid planning policies
Examples: Chandigarh, New York, etc
URBAN GROWTH:
Urbanization occurs naturally from individually and corporate efforts to reduce time and
expense in commuting and transportation while improving opportunities for jobs, education,
housing and transportation.
Living in cities permits individuals and families to take advantage of the opportunities
of proximity, diversity, and market place competition
People move into cities to seek economic opportunities
A major contributing factor is known as “rural flight”. In rural areas, often on small
family farms, it is difficult to improve one‟s standard of living beyond basic sustenance
Farm living is dependent on unpredictable environmental conditions, and in times of
drought, flood or pestilence, survival becomes extremely problematic
In modern times, industrialization of agriculture has negatively affected the economy
of small and middle-sized farms and strongly reduced the size of the rural labour
market.
Cities, in contrast, are known to be places where money, services and wealth are
centralized. Cities are where fortunes are made and where social mobility is possible
Businesses, which generate jobs and capital, are usually located in urban areas. Whether the
source is trade or tourism, it is also through the cities that foreign money flows into a country. It
is easy to see why someone living on a farm might wish to take chance moving to the city and
trying to make enough money to send back home to their struggling family.
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There are better basic services as well as other specialist services that aren‟t found in
rural areas
There are more job opportunities and a greater variety of jobs. Health is another
major factor
People, especially the elderly are often forced to move to cities where there are
doctors and hospitals that can cater for their health needs. Other factors include a
grater variety of entertainment (restaurants, movie theatres, theme parks, etc) and a
better quality of education, namely universities
Due to their populations, urban areas can also have much more diverse social
communities allowing to find people like them when they might not be able to in rural
areas.
These conditions are heightened during times of change from pre-industrial society to
an industrial one.
It is at this time that many new commercial enterprises are made possible, thus creating
new jobs in cities. It is also a result of industrialization that farms become more
mechanized, putting many labourers out of work. This is currently occurring fastest in
India.
COMPREHENSIVE REDEVELOPMENT:
This is when you knock down al the buildings and start from scratch. It was felt to be needed in
some places as the problems were so bad. In Kingston and the Gorbals in Glasgow, for
example, the old tenements were knocked down and replaced by new flats and multi-storey
high rise buildings. Unfortunately, many of the new buildings were poorly built and have also
been knocked down. This approach has also been criticised as it destroyed the social fabric of
the area – people no longer knew their neighbours and they moved away from their friends
and relations.
New roofs
Secure entry – phone systems on tenement closes
The outside of tenements was cleaned by sand-blasting
Combining two small flats into a larger one
Improving the environment by landscaping
Building or improving the social facilities such as clubs and medical centres
Encouraging new business and industry to set up in the areas with grants and loans
Planning concepts and their relevance to Indian Planning practice in respect of Ebenezer
Howard – Garden City concepts and contents – Patrick Geddes – Conservative Surgery –
Case Study – C.A Perry – Neighbourhood concept Le Corbusier – Concept and Case
studies.
A distinguishing characteristic of the Garden City is the fair distribution to the community of the
profits that result from new development. Capturing rising land values created by the
development of the town can repay infrastructure costs and provide a portfolio of assets
which are proactively managed in perpetuity for the benefit of the Garden City community.
This requires the acquisition of land at, or near, current use value by a body with effective
planning and land assembly powers. Ideally, this requires a Development Corporation which
could be led by a local authority. Access to compulsory purchase powers is crucial as a power
of last resort for such bodies. The development of land is one major source of asset values and
income but the control of core utilities and, in particular, local energy companies, provides
significant opportunities for capturing values and securing genuinely localised and resilient
economies.
If Garden Cities are to be successful, they need strong political support and leadership, with a
clear vision and firm commitment. This commitment should be made as early as possible in the
planning process to provide reassurance and certainty for all parties. Both the designation
process and the development of the Garden City should demonstrate a real commitment to
community participation. Such participation must be set within the context of the needs of
people already living in the area and those in the wider community who need a home. New
Garden Cities require the very best of professional expertise. If a local authority decides to
pursue the development of a new Garden City or Suburb, it will need a dedicated planning
and delivery team with the right skills and expertise.
A distinguishing characteristic of the Garden City is the fair distribution to the community of the
profits that result from new development. Capturing rising land values created by the
development of the town can repay infrastructure costs and provide a portfolio of assets
which are proactively managed in perpetuity for the benefit of the Garden City community.
This requires the acquisition of land at, or near, current use value by a body with effective
planning and land assembly powers. Ideally, this requires a Development Corporation which
could be led by a local authority. Access to compulsory purchase powers is crucial as a power
of last resort for such bodies. The development of land is one major source of asset values and
income but the control of core utilities and, in particular, local energy companies, provides
significant opportunities for capturing values and securing genuinely localised and resilient
economies.
If Garden Cities are to be successful, they need strong political support and leadership, with a
clear vision and firm commitment. This commitment should be made as early as possible in the
planning process to provide reassurance and certainty for all parties. Both the designation
process and the development of the Garden City should demonstrate a real commitment to
community participation. Such participation must be set within the context of the needs of
people already living in the area and those in the wider community who need a home. New
Garden Cities require the very best of professional expertise. If a local authority decides to
pursue the development of a new Garden City or Suburb, it will need a dedicated planning
and delivery team with the right skills and expertise.
a surrounding belt of countryside to prevent sprawl, well connected and biodiversity rich
public parks, and a mix of public and private networks of well-managed, high-quality
gardens, tree-lined streets and open spaces. Garden Cities offer the opportunity to be highly
climate resilient through extensive green and blue infrastructure. They must also demonstrate
the highest standards of technological innovation in zero carbon and energy positive
technology to reduce the impact of climate emissions.
Garden Cities are places of cultural diversity and vibrancy with design contributing to
sociable neighbourhoods. This means, for example, shaping design with the needs of children‟s
play, teenage interests and the aspirations of elderly in mind. Creating shared spaces for
social interaction and space for both formal and informal artistic activities, as well as sport
and leisure activities.
Walking, cycling and public transport should be the most attractive and prioritised forms of
transport in the garden city. This means ensuring a comprehensive and safe network of
footpaths and cycleways throughout the development, and public transport nodes within a
short walking distance of all homes. Where car travel is necessary, consideration should be
made of shared transport approaches such as car clubs. New Garden Cities should be located
only where there are existing rapid public transport links to major cities, or where real plans
are already in place for its provision.
A strategic approach:
Ebenezer Howard saw the development of Garden Cities as part of a wider strategic
approach to meeting the nation’s housing needs. This was based on networks of new
settlements well connected by public transport. A national policy for a new generation of
Garden Cities should consider how these settlements contribute to the nation as whole; how
they relate to aspirations for a more balanced economy; to long term climate resilience, and
to new opportunities in industrial modernisation.
KEY IDEAS:
“Conservative surgery” versus the gridiron plan
Geddes championed a mode of planning that sought to consider "primary human needs" in
every intervention, engaging in "constructive and conservative surgery" rather than the "heroic,
Very early on in his career Geddes demonstrated the practicality of his ideas and approach.
In 1886 Geddes and his newly married wife purchased a row of slum tenements in James
Court, Edinburgh, making it into a single dwelling. In and around this area Geddes commenced
upon a project of "conservative surgery": "weeding out the worst of the houses that surrounded
them…widening the narrow closes into courtyards" and thus improving sunlight and airflow.
The best of the houses was kept and restored. Geddes believed that this approach was both
more economical and more humane.
In this way Geddes consciously worked against the tradition of the "gridiron plan",
resurgent in colonial town design in the 19th century:
“The heritage of the gridiron plans goes back at least to the Roman camps. The basis for the
grid as an enduring and appealing urban form rests on five main characteristics: order and
regulatory, orientation in space and to elements, simplicity and ease of navigation, speed of
layout, and adaptability to circumstance.”
Basic principles:
Size: 5000 population ( 1 school), 160 acre (area for one unit neighbourhood).
Shops: to fulfil market purpose. the location is on the corner of four junction.
Major arterials and through traffic routes should not pass through residential neighbourhoods.
Instead these streets should provide boundaries of the neighbourhood.
Interior street patterns should be designed and constructed through use of cul-de-sacs, curved
layout and light duty surfacing so as to encourage a quiet, safe and low volume traffic
movement and preservation of the residential atmosphere.
The population of the neighbourhood should be that which is required to support its
elementary school the neighbourhood focal point should be the elementary school centrally
located on a common or green, along with other institutions that have service areas coincident
with the neighbourhood boundaries.
The radius of the neighbourhood should be a maximum of one quarter mile thus precluding a
walk of more than that distance for any elementary school child Shopping districts should be
sited at the edge of neighbourhoods preferably at major street intersections.
CHANDIGARH was the first planned city after independence from British rule in 1947. It is the
capital city of the states of Punjab and Haryana.
The city is located at the picturesque junction of foothills of the Himalayas Mountain range and
the Ganges plains.
It houses a population of 1,054,600 inhabitants (2001) and is one of the richest cities of the
nation.
American architects Albert Mayer and Mathew Novicki were the first architects to be
appointed for the project. After the death of Novicki in 1950, Le Corbusier was commissioned.
The city plan was conceived as post war „Garden City‟ wherein vertical and high rise
buildings were ruled out, keeping in view the living habits of the people. Le Corbusier
conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly defined
Lungs (the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens), Intellect (the cultural
and educational institutions),
Circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and Viscera (the Industrial Area).
Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centres and places of
recreations and worship.
The population of a sector varies between 3000 and 20000 depending upon the sizes of
plots and the topography of the area.
The Central Sector of the city, Sector 17, is the main Public Congregation area of the city.
It houses all major Shopping Complexes, Sports Facilities and Congregation Spaces.
The Basic Building Typology is observed as extremely Rectilinear with similar proportions. the
smaller individual Residential Units are arranged around central common Green Spaces,
although the shapes are different.
Scope and Content of Master plan – planning area, land use plan and Zoning regulations
– zonal plan – need, linkage to master plan and land use plan – planned unit
development (PUD) – need, applicability and development, Rehabilitation and
Conservation – JNNURM – case studies.
ZONING:
Zoning is defined as the creation by laws, zones such as Residential, Commercial,
Industrial, Civic, Institutional and Recreational unit and the density of population.
DENSITY ZONING:
The density of population may be either gross or net density
Gross density is the average density of population per unit land use area
Net density is the average density of the housing including local roads only
LAND USE:
Land use represents physical characteristics of a land. India has total land area
approx., 328 million hectare and land utilization is almost 93% of area. i.e., around
306 million hectares.
CLASSIFICATION OF ZONING:
USE ZONING:
Residential zone (40-50%)
Commercial zone (2-5%)
Industrial zone (5-20%)
Civic zone (2-3%)
Institutional zone (1-2%)
Recreational zone (15-20%)
HEIGHT ZONING:
To control the volume of building the height zoning is required
Tall building impair the value of small neighbourhood houses by cutting off sunshine,
air, breeze etc. and thus make it small house unsuitable for inhabitation. They should
be arranged in the layout of proper grouping with the smaller building.
CIRCULATION:
“Kevin Lynch” has identified various forms with respect to their circulation network.
Sheet form
Core form
Galaxy form
Linear form
Ring form
Star form
Poly-centred net form
HOYT’S VARIABLES:
Wealthy people chose to live where they could afford to – close to services
Wealthy residents use their car‟s as transport from home to work and vice versa
thereby living further from industry but close to main roads.
Similar types of land use clustered together to create “Sector – Development”
The location of each zone and the distribution of each functional zone are related to
several factors:
o Land values and space
o Age
o Accessibility
o Wealth of inhabitants
CHANGES IN DEMAND:
Land use and functional change with time
19th century industry was located next to the CBD whereas modern industry prefers
edge of the city sites
The main land use in the 19th century was for industry and low-cost housing, all in a
more pleasant environment and open space
CBD – PROBLEMS:
Traffic congestion- Town grew and street patterns were established before the motor
car was invented. Rush hour traffic – “grid-lock”
Pollution – Water, land, air and noise pollution are all common in city centres. Pollution
adds to the stresses of living in urban areas and is thought to aggravate some diseases
such as asthma and bronchitis
Competition for land – extremely high prices similar firms and retailers forced away
from the CBD
URBAN DECLINE:
Parts of the CBD have declined – Shops and offices closed down and empty buildings
are vandalised. City centres now compete with out of town shopping centres and
growing demands of shoppers
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HOUSING:
A house is defined by the “National building organization” – as a pucca or semi –
pucca unit of dwelling that can accommodate an average household
The economic importance of housing is also very significant. It contributes to national
income, national wealth and employment
It has a great extent in promoting human welfare, social life, economic growth of
human life
TYPES OF HOUSING:
Urban housing
Rural housing
Mass housing
ISSUES OF HOUSING:
Unplanned growth of settlements
Non availability of development land and unfavourable land management
Lack of financial resources
Inadequate open space
Manpower shortage
Unimproved technology and materials
URBAN HOUSING:
According to the census of India, 1971, a housing is defined as an urban settlement
only if the following conditions are satisfied
o The estimated population is at least 5000 persons
o The density of the population should be 400 sq.km per unit area
o 75% male are working in non-agricultural unit
RURAL HOUSING:
All settlements having population less than 5000 persons can be considered as the
rural settlements. The housing problems of rural areas are:
o Unavailability of land
o Unavailability of materials
o Unavailability of technical supervision
o Poor economic condition
o Living habit and status
o Social obligations
MASS HOUSING:
If the building project has more than thousand units, it is known as mass housing
It is cost effective and time efficient
Environmentally sustainable
It is an integrated township
TOWN CENTRE:
The town centre is a meeting place for the population. As a whole. It is nearer to the
central bus terminus or railway station. The town centre is divided into following groups
o Business centre
o Civic centre
o Light shopping centre
BUSINESS CENTRE:
It incudes offices, big shops, markets, etc
It consists of the following three groups:
o Convenience store (daily necessary goods)
o Demand store (clothes, cycle, clocks, etc)
o Impulse store (luxury items)
CIVIC CENTRE:
It is known as community centre
It is an assemble of public buildings
It should be neat & clean and beautiful
The civic centre may be cultural or educational
It included town hall, court, post office, library, museum, auditorium, art gallery, etc
Transport facilities should be well connected with the civic centre
DEFINITION:
A development plan can be defined as a general plan for future layout of city
showing both the existing and proposed streets or roads, open space, public buildings,
etc
A development plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for new town
to be developed on virgin soil
So, a development plan aims to controlling the future growth of a town along
preconceived and predetermined paths
IN INDIA:
In India, the idea of preparation of development plan is understood to have been
flourished after 1915 when the Bombay Town Planning Act was passed and was soon
followed by the Madras Town Planning act in 1920.
The comprehensive act requiring the preparation of DP and authorizing its enforcement
is the Bombay Town and Country Planning Act, 1954 which actually came into force in
1957
Following are the main objectives of preparing a development plan of the town
It aims at intelligent and economic spending of the public funds for achieving welfare
of the inhabitants in respect of amenity, convenience and health
It arranges the pattern of a town in such a way so as to satisfy the present
requirements without introduction of future improvements by the coming generation
It helps in restricting the haphazard and unplanned growth
It places various functions which a town has to perform in physical relationship of each
other so as to avoid the chances of mutual conflict
It serves as a guide to the planning body for making any recommendations for public
improvements
It removes the defects of uncoordinated physical growth of the various components of
town
Following are the reasons which have led to the thinking of having a development plan for the
town.
o To control the development of various industries in a systematic way
o To discharge the growth of town in an unplanned and unscientific way
o To give a perspective picture of a fully developed town
o To limit to a certain extent the flow of rural population to the urban area
o To offset the evils is which have come up due to overcrowding of population
DATA TO BE COLLECTED:
Details of trades and industries
Development of the airports
Economic conditions of the authority
Environments of the site
Facilities of transport
Geological conditions of the site
Land values and land use pattern
Locations of spots of the natural beauty
Location of the water supply units
FOLLOWING ARE THE DETAILS CONTAINED IN THE USUAL DRAWINGS PREPARED FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN:
Boundaries of land of different types such as residential, agricultural, industries etc
Boundaries of green belt surrounding the town
Contours of the whole city
Different zones
Landscape features
Location of the public buildings and town centres
Open spaces including parks and playgrounds
Positions of natural springs, rivers and streams
Position of the public utility services such as water supply station, sewage disposal
plant, power plant etc
Road systems
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING:
IMPORTANCE:
The neighbourhood planning can make a valuable contribution towards the creation of
a community spirit and a properly balanced population structure
The neighbourhood plan aims at wedding various elements of social and cultural life of
a community in a proper order
DRAFT SCHEME:
The area, ownership and tenure of each plots
Land use details
Estimation of cost of the scheme
PRELIMINARY SCHEME:
Verification of ownership and areas as per revenue records
Reconstitute final plots
Calculation of cost of the scheme
Submit the draft scheme to the Govt for sanction
Maps preparation (land use, infrastructure, original plot etc)
To complete the entire process of T.P scheme preparation and finalization will take 47
months
INDIAN CONTEXT:
Indian cities have a history that dates back to centuries
In the last century cities faced a major unprecedented force of urbanization which
ripped them
They have grown exponentially
Their administration has not been able to cope up with rapid urbanization
The age-old infrastructure is weakened and decayed leading to degeneration of the
core areas in the city
Cities which have survived centuries are now at critical stage
Concept of Urban Renewal – To provide life to the dying city
Dilapidating, ageing parts of the city, not providing the city its full potential and
becoming a health hazard
In built form it consists of old area of the city, congested area around transit points,
illegal settlements needing redevelopment
In terms of infrastructure – measures for efficient and smooth movement of traffic,
improvement of transportation network, provision / improvements of utilities
JNNURM:
In India the need to infuse vibrancy and rejuvenate cities was recognized in 2005 and
the central Government launched the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM)
Launched to encourage cities to initiate steps for bringing phased improvements in their
civic service levels
Initiative to redevelop towns and cities by developing infrastructure, carrying out
municipal reforms and providing aid to the state governments and the urban local
bodies (ULB‟s) in land use transformation
Gentrification is part of natural process of city development
PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS:
REGIONAL PLANNING:
NEDA – National Economic Development Authority
NLUC – National Land Use Committee
RDC – Regional Development Council
PDC – Provincial Development Council
PLUC – Provincial Land Use Committee
Sanggunian Panlalawigan
URBAN PLANNING:
HUDCO – Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
HLURB – Housing & Land Use Regulatory Board
RLUC – Regional Land Use Committee
M/CDC – Municipal / City Development Council
BDC – Barangay Development Council
Sanggunian Panglunsod / Banyan
Barangay Council
INTEGRATED TOWNSHIP:
Large cities are getting over-crowded under the relentless march of urbanization. An
estimated 160 million people have moved to India‟s cities in the last two decades, and
another 230 million are projected to move there within the next 20 years. The exponential rise
in the number of city dwellers is leading to an ever-increasing demand for housing and urban
infrastructure. At the same time, the massive influx of people has strained India‟s urban
systems to the point of breaking down, creating massive slums with inadequate housing,
sanitation, basic services and security. The 2011 census indicates that there are 14 million
To cope with this demographic pressure, all our bigger cities are stretching their boundaries.
The extension of the traditional city limit is spurred in large measure by the expansion in real
estate activity to accommodate the bulge in population. Even the new master plans for all
major cities are being rejigged to facilitate the expansion of city limits.
To ease the pressure on big cities and improve the quality of urban living, town planners and
policymakers are encouraging the setting up of integrated townships as an effective
development tool for building infrastructure in the newly marked spaces beyond traditional
city boundaries. Setting up of self-contained integrated townships in a decentralized manner
offers a sensible solution to providing a more holistic living environment and preventing the
proliferation of unplanned urban villages. In fact, integrated townships bring a raft of value
propositions such as affordability, convenience, and a relaxing lifestyle in one very attractive
package to modern urban planning and development.