Analytical Reasoning

Mrs. Green wishes to renovate her cottage. She hires the services of a plumber, a carpenter, a
painter, an electrician, and an interior decorator. The renovation is to completed in a period of
one working week i.e. Monday to Friday. Every worker will be taking one complete day to do his
job. Mrs. Green will allow just one person to work per day.
1. The painter can do his work only after the plumber and the carpenter have completed
their job.
2. The interior decorator has to complete his job before that of the electrician.
3. The carpenter cannot work on Monday or Tuesday.

Question:
1. In case the painter works on Thursday, which among the following alternative is
possible?
a. The electrician works on Tuesday.
b. The electrician works on Friday.
c. The interior decorator does his work after the painter
d. The plumber and the painter work on consecutive days.
e. Mrs. Green cannot fit all of the workers into schedule
Answer: B

2. In case the painter works on Friday, which among the following statements must be
untrue?
a. The carpenter may work on Wednesday.
b. The carpenter and the electrician may work on consecutive days.
c. In case the carpenter works on Thursday, the electrician has to work on the previous
day i.e. Wednesday.
d. The plumber may work before the electrician does.
e. The electrician may work on Tuesday
Answer: C

3. Which arrangement among the following is possible?

a. The electrician will work on Tuesday and the interior decorator on Friday.
b. The painter will work on Wednesday and the plumber on Thursday.
c. The carpenter will work on Tuesday and the painter on Friday
d. The painter will work on Monday and the carpenter on Thursday.
e. The carpenter will work on Wednesday the plumber on Thursday.
Answer: E
Three girls Joan, Rita, and Kim and two boys Tim and Steve are the only dancers in a dance
program, which consists of six numbers in this order: One a duet; two a duet; three a solo; four
a duet; five a solo; and six a duet.
None of the dancers is in two consecutive numbers or in more than two numbers.
The first number in which Tim appears is the one that comes in which Tim appears is the one
that comes before the first number in which Kim appears.
The second number in which Tim appears is one that comes after the second number in which
Kim appears.
Question:
1. Which among the following is a complete and accurate list of those numbers that could
be the last one in which Kim performs?
a. Three
b. Four
c. Five
d. Three, Four
e. Four, Five
Answer: E

2. Rita must perform only in duets if

a. Kim is in number two
b. Kim is in number five
c. Tim is in number one
d. Tim is in number two
e. Tim is in number six
Answer: D

3. In case Steve is in number five, number four must consist of

a. Two women
b. Two men
c. Tim and a woman
d. Rita and a man
e. Kim and a man
Answer: A
Vocabulary Flash card

Paradox – A contradictory situation

Consequential damages – Aka special damages; indirect but foreseeable

Atavism – Resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents, deformity returning after
the passage of two or more
Ephemeral – fleeting, or short life or duration
Tout – solicit or promote
Euphemism – mild word or phrase substituted for an offensive one
Implicit – implied, tacitly understood
Moiety – half, part
Circuitous – round-about, indirect
Defer – to postpone or to submit to another
Eradicate – to eliminate completely
Cryptic – encoded, secret, indecipherable
Ambivalent – uncertain, having conflicting feelings
Reading Comprehension

Surviving sources of information about women doctors in ancient Greece and Rome are
fragmentary: some passing mention by classical works, scattered references in medical works,
and about 40 inscriptions on tombs and monuments. Yet even from these fragments we can
piece together a picture. The evidence shows that in ancient Greece and Rome there were, in
fact, female medical personnel who were the ancient equivalent of what we now call medical
doctors. So the history of women in medicine by no means begins in 1849 with Dr. Elizabeth
Blackwell, the first woman to earn an M.D in modern times, or even in 1321 with Francesca de
Romana’s licensure to practice general recorded occurrence of this sort.
The very nature of the scant evidence tells us something. There is no lists of woman doctors in
antiquity, no direct comment on the fact that there were such people. Instead, the scattering of
references to them indicates that, although their numbers were probably small, women doctors
were an unremarkable part of ancient life. For example, in The Republic (421 B.C), the earliest
known source attesting to the existence of women doctors in Greece, Plato argues that, for the
good of the state, jobs should be assigned to people on the basis of natural aptitude, regardless
of gender. To support his arguments he offers the example that some women, as well as some
men, are skilled in medicine, while others are not. Here, Plato is not trying to convince people
that there ought to be women doctors. Rather, he is arguing for an ideal distribution of roles
within the state by pointing to something that everyone could already see-that there were
female doctors as well as male. Moreover, despite evidence that some of these women doctors
treated mainly female patient, their practice was clearly not limited to midwifery. Both Greek
and Latin have distinct terms for midwife and doctor, and important texts and inscriptions refer
to female practitioners as the latter. Other references provide evidence of a broad scope of
practice for women doctors. The epitaph for one named Domnina reads: “You delivered your
homeland from disease.” A tribute to another describes her as “savior of all through her
knowledge of medicine.”
Also pointing to a wider medical practice are the references in various classical medical works
to a great number or women’s writing on medical subjects. Here, too, the very nature of the
evidence tells us something, for Galen, Pliny the elder, and other ancient writers of
encyclopedic medical works quote the opinions and prescription of male and female doctors
indiscriminately, moving from one to the other and back again. As with the male doctors they
cite, these works usually simply give excerpts from the female authority’s writing without
biographical information or special comment.

Question:
1. Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?
a. Although surviving ancient Greek and Roman texts about women doctors contain
little biographical or technical data, important inference can be drawn from the very
fact that those texts pointedly comment on the existence of such doctors.
b. Ancient texts indicate that various women doctors in Greece and Roman were not
only practitioners but also researchers who contributed substantially to the
development of medical science.
 c. Scholars who have argued that women did not practice medicine until relatively
recently are mistaken, insofar as they have misinterpreted textual evidence from
ancient Greece and Rome.
d. Some scholars in ancient Greece and Rome made little distinction in their writings
between learned women and learned men, as can especially be seen in those
scholars reference to medical experts and practitioners.
e. There is a range of textual evidence indicating that the existence and professional
activity of women doctors were an accepted part of everyday life in ancient Greece
and Rome.
Answer: E

2. Which one of the following does the author mention in the passage?
a. A scholar who has argued that Francesca de Romana was the first doctor in any
Western society.
b. A specialized field of medicine that was not practiced by women in ancient Greece
and Rome
c. Ancient writers whose works refer explicitly to the writings of women.
d. Disease that were not curable in ancient times but are readily cured by modern
medicines.
e. The extent to which medical doctors in ancient Greece and Rome were trained and
educated
Answer: C

3. The primary function of the third paragraph of the passage is to

a. Acknowledge some exceptions to a conclusion defended in the second paragraph
b. Describe the source of evidence that are cited in the first two paragraphs in support
of the author’s main conclusion.
c. Emphasize the historical importance of the arguments presented in the first two
paragraphs
d. Provide additional support for the argument presented in the first paragraph
e. Suggest that the implications of the argument presented in the first paragraph are
unnecessarily broad.
Answer: D

4. Which one of the following could most logically be appended to the end of the final
paragraph?
a. Although the content of each of these excerpts is of limited information value, the
very range of topics that they cover suggests that Plato”s claims about women
doctors should be reevaluated.
b. Nevertheless, these writers’ evenhanded treatment of male and female medical
researchers must be interpreted partly in light of the conflicting picture of ancient
medical practice that emerges from the fragmentary earlier writing.
c. So it is only combining the previously mention fragment of ancient writing that
historian have been able to construct a fairly complete account of some of these
women’s lives.
d. That there were women doctors apparently seemed unremarkable to these writers
who cited their works, just as it did to Plato.
e. These texts indicate that during a certain period of ancient Greek and Roman history
there were female medical scholars, but it is unclear whether at that time there
were also female medical practitioners.
Amswer: D