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Philosophy Reviewer
Philosophy Reviewer
LESSON 1 : Introduction
Philosophy
Is the painstaking discussion of questions
Method for asking questions, it is engangement in search
for the meaning in life
System of beliefs about reality
REALITY means EVERYTHING EXIST
Derived from the Greek Words “_______” and “_______” , that
means “______” + “______”
= “Love of Wisdom”
“_______” was the one who created the word “Philosopher”
which means “________”
Philosophers are once called “______”
“_______” was the first philosopher
“Things appear to be ever changing but is there something
about them that does not change”
The answer to his philosophical question is “_____”
Principles of Philosophy
”_______” is the MAIN principle of Philosophy
The Principle of Identity means everything that “_____”,
“_____” and everything that “_____” , “_____”
In “N_n-C_ntr_d_ct__ n” , an object can’t be both existing
and non-existing
The principle of Philosophy that states that, “Humans can’t
be in existence, and non-existence and there’s no middle
ground”. “_____”
The principle of Sufficient Reason states that, “We can’t do
or say anything without an adequate ______ at all”
The Five Main Branches of Philosophy
M_T_PHYS_CS
Study of Reality
Answers the question “What is”
One of the bases of Philosophy
_P_ST_M_L_GY
Study of the method of acquiring knowledge
Answers the question “How do we know”
_TH_CS
Study of right and wrong
Answers the question “What do I do”
Good or Bad
P_L_T_CS
Ethics applied to a group of people in a society
__STH_T_CS
Study of Art
LESSON 2:
“It is the very nature of Philosophy that man searches
for the meaning of himself and his world”
-CORAZON CRUZ 1987
Logic
Argument that supports a conclusion
“______” Argument where the premises guarantee the
truth of conclusion with certainty
“______” Argument where the premises guarantee the
truth of conclusion with probability
Dialectic
Present the solution and argument to others
Criticized by other philosophers
Phenomenology
“Phenomena” - “________” + “Study” - “_______”
= “Study of _______”
Practical Philosophy
“M_d_rn” Philosophy
Finding the rightness in life
Emotions
Philosophical Anthropology
Philosophy of Man
Methods
1. Material World of Nature
2. Intra-mental realities
3. The social world intersubjectivity
Origin
Meaning of Existence
Termination of existence
Sociability – possibility of sharing something like
knowledge
MONISM & DUALISM
Monism holds that man is composed of ONE BASIC
SUBSTANCE or the principle of ground of reality
Reality of Man
The physical is very important
Dualism holds that man is made up of the irreducible
elements matter & spirit
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
Body (Sarx)
Soul (Psyche)
Spirit (Pneuma)
1. Body
2. Will, Mind, Emotions
3. Spirit
Think, dream,imagine,memorize,reason
QUALIA first experience
Philosophy of Mind
RENE DESCARTES
- Father of Modern Philosophy
- “I think therefore I am” = “_______”
- “_____” = Doubt
GREEK
- Earth is a place of “M_______” and “P______”
- “S_______ World”
- The physical world is “E___”
- “P______” body is a hindrance graveyard, prison, cell
of soul
- “ESCHATON” = “_______” is the gathering of
redeemed people on redeemed earth in perfected
fellowship with God
CHRISTIAN
- Heaven
- The “H_____” is God’s creature and salvation is
achieved through God’s coming to Man’s Earth
- The world id God’s world
HINDUS
- Heaven = “S_____ _____”
TAOIST & BUDDHISM
- Tao & Enlightenment
HEBREW
- Earth is the place of God’s activity
- Follow God
- Humans need to know the reality of life
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Uncovering TRUTH through systematic argumentation
and theory
Reason OVER Faith
“S_ph_st” were are important group that emerged
influence learning in Greece
- Excellent public speakers
- They always win with each argument
“P______” are the people against Sophists.
Stoicism
- Zeno of Cyprus
- Calmness and Moderation in Life
Scholasticism
- St. Thomas Aquinas
- Science + Religion / Logic + Faith = Greatest Truth
Humanism
- Reality
- Petrarch
- Reason & Critical thinking in Society
Rationalism
- Rene Descartes
- Reason + Experience = Knowledge
Empiricism
- George Berkeley
- Sense + Experience = Knowledge
Existentialism
- Reason and Meaning
Pragmatism
- Application
- Practical use of ideas and knowledge
Absurdism
- Go with the flow
PYTHAGORAS OF CROTON
- Pythagorean Theory
- Established community of learners
HERACLITUS
- Proposed that everything that exist is based on a
higher order plan called “L____”
- Change is permanent
- “No man steps on the same river twice”
DEMOCRITUS
- “A____”
DIOGENES OF SINOPE
- Simple and Virtuos life
- Vocal critic of Plato and Aristotle
- School of thoughts
EPICURUS
- Epicureanism
- Wisdom and Simple living
SOCRATES
- Foremost Philosopher
- Not wise but “M_____”
- Socratic Method is about examining a topic by
devising a series of questions.
PLATO
- Student of Socrates
- Perception = Explanation of Ideas
- Theory of FORMS
- He founded the Academy
ARISTOTLE
- Attended the Academy
- Student of Plato
- Everything that exists is based on perception and
our reality is based on what we can “s_ns_” and
“p_rc__ve”
ARCHIMEDES
- Modern Calculus
- Invented the Archidemes screw, pulleys, claws &
levers
EASTERN PHILOSOPHY
Consist of School of Thoughts closely tied with Religious
beliefs
Goal is to achieve a balance life and find one’s role in
society
Hinduism
- Oldest
- Vedas = Bible
- Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma
- Moksha = Actions , Dharma = Duties, Kharma =
Effect, Samsara = Rebirth
- Caste System
- Brahmins = Priest, Kshatriyas = Warriors, Vai syas =
Merchants , Sudras = Farmers, Dalit =
Untouchables
Buddhism
-
Islam
Confucianism
Jainism
Judaism
Taoism
Shinto