Topic; Needs Analysis of speaking skills at BS(English7th level)

Abstract
The purpose this research is to identify the difficulties of students in speaking skills of English
language at the level of BS(English 7th).This study also investigates the factors which create
problems for students to improve their speaking skills. Researcher use qualitative method and
open ended questions to conduct this research. The population of this research is students of
English department of University of Narowal.The sample of this research is from
BS(English7th). This research shows that due to lack of confidence, hesitation and poor
vocabulary of English language students are not able to speak fluently. It shows that teachers
should design courses which help to improve vocabulary and involve students in more class
room activities to improve their speaking skills. This study finds that students are improving
their skills because it is need of present day. This study provides suitable measure for students
and teachers to resolve these problems.
Introduction:

English language is known as international language. No one can deny the importance of English
language these days. It taught as a subject in Educational institution. English is known as global mean of
communication and without speaking skills we can not communicate effectively so speaking skills are
also very important. This research focus on the speaking skills of students of English language.
Researcher tries to identify difficulties of students in English speaking skills. This research tries to find
whether students are satisfy from courses which they have studied so far. Why students cannot speak
English fluently at this level?. Researcher give answers of these questions in this research. This research
identifies problems which are main cause in deficiency of speaking skills.

Objectives
.To identify difficulties of students in English speaking skills.

.To find solution to reduce difficulties of students in speaking skills.

.To identify students are capable enough to speak English fluently.

Literature review
According to Dong Xiaohong (1994) speaking is “one of the most necessary language proficiency”.
Speaking, thus, seems to be the most important skill that should be paid attention to in the process of
teaching and learning. Likewise, today's world requires that the goal of teaching speaking should
improve students' communicative skills, because only in that way, students can express themselves and
learn how to follow the social and culture rules. Scott (1978) reveals that “speaking can be typified as an
activity involving two or more people in whom the participants are both hearers and speakers having to
react to what they hear and make their contribution.” Each has an intention or a set of intentions that he
wants to achieve in the interaction and an ability to interpret what is said to him whom he cannot
predict exactly either in terms of form or in terms of meaning. Brown (1983) also states that “speaking is
an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing
information.” Its form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs, including the
participants themselves, their collective experiences, the physical environment, and the purposes for
speaking. It is often spontaneous, open ended and evolving. However, speech is not always
unpredictable. Language functions that tent to recur in certain discourse situations (declining and
invitation, requesting time off from work) can be identified and charted. Speaking requires not only that
learners know how to produce specific points of language, such as grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary
(linguistic competence), but also that they understand when, why and in what way to produce language.
Needs Analysis is considered as a basic principle of ESP (Robinson 1991:7). Definition of needs vary
depending on the purpose of analysis but all take the learner as a focus of analysis. Lawson (1979)
defines "need" as "something that is recognized but it is not in any sense "discovered", and its
"existence" de-rives from whatever criteria are thought to be relevant in making the diagnoses"
(p.37). This implies that in order to recognize "needs" one would have to carry out some kind of
assessment or evaluation of the existing situation and the diagnosis of assessment results would
reveal some deficiency.Any vocationally-oriented course must be based on the fundamental issue of
“what learners need to do with English” (Dudley-Evans, 1997:5).

Hutchinson and Waters make a distinction between "target needs" and "learning needs". The target
need is what the learner needs to do in the target situation and the learning need refers to what the
learner needs to do in order to learn .They further subcategorize target need into (1) necessities; refer to
the knowlegde of the learner which he has to use effectively in target situation, (2) lacks; the contrast
between necessity and what the learner already knows, (3) wants; what the learner actually wants to
learn or what they feel they need. The learner's "wants" may or may not conform those perceived by the
teachers or course designers The learning need is equated to the route of learning

Research Methodology
Research methodology is a science of studying how research is to be carried out.The procedures by
which researches go about their work of describing , explaining and predicting phenomena are called
research methodology John W. Creswell states that "research is a process of steps used to collect and
analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". It consists of three steps: pose a
question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question.

Research is used to describe a number of similar and overlapping activities relating a search for
information. It is “something that people undertake in order to find things out in a systematic way,
thereby increasing their knowledge” (Saunders et al. 2009). According to Kothari (2004), endeavor of any
research is to uncover the concealed reality that is yet to be exposed or revealed. However, research is
constantly used to solve organizational problems through systematic strategies (Ojo, 2008).

Foundations of research are built and conducted over a structure called methodology (Remenyi et al.
1998) and a valid study will always adapt encouraging research methodology (Buckley et al. 1975).

Types of research methods can be broadly divided into two quantitative and qualitative categories.

Quantitative Research
Quantitative research “describes, infers, and resolves problems using numbers. Emphasis is placed on
the collection of numerical data, the summary of those data and the drawing of inferences from the
data” (Herbert, F.Coldwell 2004)
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research, on the other hand, is based on words, feelings, emotions, sounds and other non-
numerical and unquantifiable elements. It has been noted that “information is considered qualitative in
nature if it cannot be analysed by means of mathematical techniques. This characteristic may also mean
that an incident does not take place often enough to allow reliable data to be collected” .Herbert
F.Coldwell (2004)

Research Method
The researcher selects the qualitative method for research, because answer was required in detail.
Researcher used open ended question for his research.

Population
This research is conducted in BS English department of University of Narowal.

Sample
The researcher selects the sample of this research from Bs English (7th)

Tool
Researcher use questionnaire as an instrument. The researcher select the open ended questions to
conduct his research.

Data presentation:
Answers of first question, by different students,,

Question1: Do you feel hesitation while speaking English.

Student 1 answer: Yes, feel little bit hesitation while speaking English, because I have no rich
vocabulary of English language. Student 2 said, Yes because I have less vocabulary and lack of
pronunciation, confidence. Student 3 said, Not at all. Student 4 said, yes I do feel hesitation when
speaking English because I think maybe,i speaking wrong English.Student 5 said,yes,because it
is not my mother tongue but I think after few years I will be able to speak English. Student 6 said
that, yes, feel hesitation in speaking English. because we've lack of confidence.we cannot make
sentence structure in a good way. Student 6 said that, yes because of less vocabulary and lack of
confidence.

Question 2:Are you satisfied from the courses which you studied so far of communication
skills???
Answers: Student 1 said that, yes I am satisfied with the courses, but not satisfied with
activities.Student 2 said, no because there is no practical work which we have done regarding
this subject. Student 3 said,a little bit.Student 4 said that,I am not satisfied from the courses
which I studied because some subjects are so boring in this course like classical poetry.Student 5
said that, yes , these courses are very interesting, when we read these courses we feel we get
much from these skills.Student 6 said, yes I am satisfied with communication courses,but we
need practice. Student 7 said,no the course of communication skills is not according to our need.
During studying this course our ni skill after improve.

Question 3:

Do you like to take part in classroom activities related to speaking skills?

Answers: Student 1 reply, yes I always use to participate in class archivists l activities because
these are very important for improving speaking skills.Student 2said ,yes somehow.Student 3
said,yes I always take part in classroom discussion.Student 4 answer, yes I like to take part in
classroom activities related to speaking skills, but due to hesitation I could not take part in such
activities.Student 5said, no because in our class speaking skill activities are not happen.Student 6
said,yes we take part in classroom activities.Student 7said ,yes as practice makes man perfect so
we do practice to better our speaking skills take part in classroom activities.

Question 4:Do you understand English language easily?

Answers,student 1 said, yes I can understand very well.Student 2 answer that,y es I can
understand but, I cannot speak thoroughly.Student 3 said, yes I can understand English language
easily.Student 4 said,yes I can understand English language easily because its structure is
easy.Student 5 said that, yes somehow I understand English language easily,because I listen
English carefully but few meaning are difficult but when I read notes then I understand
easily.Student 6 said, yes we can understand English language easily if teachers or speaker
speaks easy vocabulary.Student 7 said,Yes somehow understand but at the initio stage it is
difficult to understand.

Question no. 5: Do you understand vocabulary of English language??

Answers: Student 1said ,yes. Student 2 said that,yes I can understand the vocabulary of second
English language learners but not native English language. Student 3, it is not a though task to
understand the vocabulary. Student 4 replyed,yes I do understand vocabulary of English
language because that is international language.Student 5 said that,yes I feel no difficulty in
understanding vocabulary.Student 6 said that,yes I understand vocabulary of English language.
Student 7said that ,not very well but understand.

Question no,6: Have you studied courses related to grammatical structure of English language?
Answers: Student 1,yes I studied different courses which are related to English language.Student
2 said that,yes language in use, morphology and syntax.Student 3said that, we have read a little
bit about grammatical structure which is not enough. Student 4 said that, yes I studied courses
related to great-nephew structure of English language but without practice we cannot English
language.Student 5 said that,yes for example language in use.Student 6 said,yes ,but we cannot
understand because our teachers not created the interest in that course. Student 7 said that,yes
like langues in use, but no satisfied with this course course it's good but practice is not .

Question no 7:Do you have enough opportunities to speak English in classroom??

Answers: Student 1 said that,yes we have enough opportunities to speak English.Student 2 said
that,yes I have an opportunity in the form of presentation.Student 3 said that,In our sixth and
seventh semester we have enough opportunities to speak English.Student 4 said that,yes but it
depends upon the teachers. Student 5 said that,no because only one opportunity it's required in
classroom which is presentation, and it contains only two or three minutes.Student 6 said that,yes
given opportunities to speak English in classroom but we could not speak English because lack
of confidence.Student7 said that,yes our teachers encourage us to speak English, present in
English,ask questions in English.

Question no 8:Do you have enough confidence to speak English in classroom??

Answers:: Student 1 said that,no I have lack of confidence r speak in classroom. Student 2 said
that,no because i have less vocabulary and confidence.Student 3 said that, firstly I used to feel
gesso but i am satisfied with my performance. Student 4 said that,no I don't have enough
confidence to speak English in classroom because class fellow laughed at me.Student 5 said
that,yes , when I give presentation I confidently speak English. Student 6,no we have lack of
confidence,so we cannot speak English in classroom.Student 7 said that, At this stage yes but
also no reason in that sometime due to lack of vocabulary and some time due to hesitation we
cannot speak.

Question no 9:

What are the factors that motivate you to do BS English??

Answers: Student 1 said that, to speak English is very important in this era,so I want to speak
English more and more. Student 2 said that, english is necessary for my profession. Student 3
said that,It is my passion and I want to appear in CSS. Student 4 said that, because English is an
international language and need of every student. Student 5 said that, nothing. Student 6 said
that,speaking skills, writing skill are the factors that motivate you to ship BS English. Student 7
said that,to become a good English speaker.

Question no 10:

Do you want to improve your speaking skills??

Answers; Student 1said that, yes Student 2 said that, yes , today only that person gain an
achievement who have an ability to speak and compete other. Student 3 said that, yes ,it is a need
of hour . Student 4 said that, yes I do want to improve my English speaking skills because it
makes our personality as a good speaker of English language. Student 5 said that, yes I want to
improve my speaking skills. Student 6 said, Yes, because it is essential for communication,
without it I cannot speak a single word. Student 7 said that, yes, because it is necessary for my
professional life.

Data Analysis
Student one said that, she feels hesitation while speaking English due to lack of confidence. She
also said that, the course of communication skills is good, but required some practice. She also
participates in classroom activities, and satisfied with courses related to grammar. She said that
we have lots of opportunities in class for speaking but could not speak English due to lack of
confidence. She agreed to improve their speaking skills.

Student two said that, English is not her mother tongue so, she feels hesitation to speak English.
She is satisfied with their courses. She also feels easy to understand vocabulary. She disagreed
with the opportunities which they given in the class. She also agreed to improve her speaking
skills.

Student 3 answers that, she feels hesitation, and not satisfied with their courses. She also like to
take part in classroom activities but could not take part due to lack of confidence. Courses are
satisfied for her. She said that, they have studied different courses related to grammar. She that, I
don't have too much opportunity for English speaking. She said that, English is a international
language so this is why she has choosed it., and wants to improve it.

Student 4 explained that, she doesn't feel hesitation at all and always takes part in classroom
activities. And understand vocabulary pretty well. She said, they have enough opportunities for
speaking. She wants to learn because it is her passion.

Student 5 said, due to less vocabulary and difficulty in pronunciation she feels hesitation. She
also like to participate in classroom activities like presentation and so on. She wants to improve
her speaking skills because it is the need of present day.

Student 6 said, he has issues with his vocabulary so, due to this he feels hesitation in speaking
English. He said, he likes to participate in classroom activities. He also said that he do not have
enough confidence to speaking English. He thinks that English is the need of this era so , wants
complete command on it.

Student 7said that, she did not feel any hesitation while speaking English due to good
confidence. And she likes to participate in classroom activities. She also understand easily
English. Student explained that they don't have to many opportunities of English speaking in
classroom. And she added that she wants to become an officer so English speaking can help her.

These students have given their different opinions related to English speaking skills within their
field. Mostly students feel hesitation while speaking English due to lack of confidence. Some
students are satisfied with their courses and most of them are not. Students are not satisfied with
the opportunities which they are given in the class.

Conclusion:
Mostly students are learning English due to its importance in every field of life, so they think that
it will help them in communication. All in all mostly students feel hesitation and not satisfied
with courses and activities which they got till now. But Students likes courses related to
grammar. All the students want to improve their English speaking skills. Students are not able
enough to speak fluently due to the lack of confidence.

Appendix

Questionnaire

1.Do you feel hesitation while speaking English?

2. Are you satisfied from the courses which you studied so far of communication skills?

3. Do you like to take part in classroom activities related to speaking skills?

4. Can you understand English language easily?

5. Do you understand vocabulary of English language?

6. Have you studied courses related to grammatical structure of English language?

7. Do you have enough opportunities to speak English in class room?

8. Do you have enough confidence to speak English in class room?

9. What are the factors that motivate you to do BS-English?

10. Do you want to improve your speaking skills?

Refrences