PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT ON

SMART PORTABLE SOIL TESTING SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY

Shikha Vivek Kumar Kumari Roll No : 403012

Apurva Bhalchandra More Roll No : 403015

Purva Upendra Purandare Roll No : 403025

Swati Sanjay Thorat Roll No : 403030

Department Of Computer Engineering

MAEERs MAHARASHTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Kothrud, Pune 411 038
MAHARASHTRA ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING AND EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH’S MAHARASHTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PUNE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

C E R T I FI CAT E

This is to certify that

Shikha Vivek Kumar Kumari (303012)

Apurva Bhalchandra More (303015)

Purva Upendra Purandare (303025)

Swati Sanjay Thorat (303030)

of B. E. Computer successfully completed project report in

SMART PORTABLE SOIL TESTING SYSTEM

to my satisfaction and submitted the same during the academic year 2018-2019 towards the partial
fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering of Pune University
under the Department of Computer Engineering , Maharashtra Institute of Technology,Pune.

Prof. Dr. Mr. B.M.Patil Prof. Dr. Mrs.V.Y.Kulkarni

(Project Guide) (Head of Computer Engineering Department)

Place: Pune Date:

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation for the cooperation given by Prof.
Dr. Mrs. V. Y. Kulkarni, HOD (Department of Computer Engineering) and a special mention for all
the motivation and support.
We are deeply indebted to our guide Prof. Dr. Mr. B. M. Patil for the completion of this project
report for which he has guided and helped us going out of the way.
For all efforts behind the project report, we would also like to express our sincere appreciation
to staff of department of Computer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology Pune, for
their extended help and suggestions at every stage.
Shikha Vivek Kumar Kumari
Apurva Bhalchandra More
Purva Upendra Purandare
Swati Sanjay Thorat
 ABSTRACT

Agriculture continues to play a major role in Indian Economy. Agriculture Sector is changing the
socio-economic environments of the population due to liberalization and globalization. Soil
Nutrients and Irrigation system in India is given a high priority in economic development. Many
new concepts are being developed to allow agricultural automation to flourish and deliver its full
potential. To take full advantage of these technologies, we should not just consider the implication
of developing a new single technology but should look at the wider issues for complete
development of a system.
The real time atomization of agricultural environment for social modernization of Indian
agricultural system using Raspberry Pi and all data will be updated over Android App.

Keywords:
Embedded system, Soil Nutrient sensor, WIFI, Precision Agriculture, Android app, Etc.
 [P3]

(Four blank spaces)

TABLE OF CONTENTS (14, bold, uppercase)

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS i
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF TABLES iii
(12, UPPERCASE)

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

(12, bold, UPPERCASE)

Sr.No. Title of Chapter Page No.

01 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Problem Definition
02 Literature Survey
03 Software Requirements Specification
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Project Scope
3.1.2 User Classes and Characteristics
3.1.3 Assumptions and Dependencies
3.2 Functional Requirements
3.2.1 System Feature 1(Functional Requirement)
3.2.2 System Feature2 (Functional Requirement)
……
……
3.3 External Interface Requirements (If Any)
3.3.1 User Interfaces
3.3.2 Hardware Interfaces
3.3.3 Software Interfaces
3.3.4 Communication Interfaces
3.4 Nonfunctional Requirements
3.4.1 Performance Requirements
3.4.2 Safety Requirements
3.4.3 Security Requirements
3.4.4 Software Quality Attributes
3.5 System Requirements
3.3.1 Database Requirements
3.3.2 Software Requirements(Platform Choice)
5.3.3 Hardware Requirements
 3.6 Analysis Models: SDLC Model to be applied
3.7 System Implementation Plan
04 System Design
4.1 System Architecture
4.2 Data Flow Diagrams
4.3 Entity Relationship Diagrams
4.4 UML Diagrams
05 Other Specification
5.1 Advantages
5.2 Limitations
5.3 Applications
06 Conclusions & Future Work
Appendix A: Problem statement feasibility assessment using, satisfiability
analysis and NP Hard,NP-Complete or P type using modern algebra and
relevant mathematical models.
Appendix B: Details of the papers referred in IEEE format (given earlier)
Summary of the above paper in not more than 3-4 lines. Here you should write
the seed idea of the papers you had referred for preparation of this project
report in the following format.
Example:
Thomas Noltey, Hans Hanssony, Lucia Lo Belloz,”Communication Buses for
Automotive Applications” In Proceedings of the 3rd Information Survivability
Workshop (ISW-2007), Boston, Massachusetts, USA, October 2007. IEEE
Computer Society.
Appendix C: Plagiarism Report

References
 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
ABBREVIATION ILLUSTRATION

IOT Internet of Things

IP Internet Protocol
LED Light Emitting Diode
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE ILLUSTRATION PAGE NO.

1.1 System Overview 3

1.2 System Behavior 5
2.1 TCP Header 11
4.1 Waterfall Model 27
4.2 Timeline Chart 30
4.3 DFD Level – 0 31
4.4 DFD Level – 1 32
4.5 DFD Level – 2 33
4.6 Use case Diagram 34
4.7 Sequence Diagram 35
4.8 ER Diagram 36
4.9 Class Diagram 37
4.10 Component Diagram 38
4.11 Deployment Diagram 39
4.12 State Machine Diagram 40
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE ILLUSTRATION PAGE NO.

4.1 Project Plan 29

3.1 Packet Information 47
3.2 Network Error 48
3.3 IP Configuration 48

SMART PORTABLE SOIL TESTING SYSTEM

 INTRODUCTION
IOT has many applications in agriculture, smart Cities, smart home, healthcare, business sectors,
Traffic monitoring , Transport and logistics etc. This is a growing mega trend that will influence
everything from businesses to our daily personal lives.
Here we are mainly focussing on agriculture as it plays a vital role in development of our country’s
economy.

Integrating the embedded technology in the agriculture field to monitor and control various
parameters
Agriculture is a new development in traditional agriculture. In precision agriculture, production
environment is monitored, and the monitored data is used to derive the most suitable environment
management decision which employs control and adjustment solutions to obtain better product
yield. In this project agriculture parameter monitoring is processed by uploading the data on app.
As per the soil contents/nutrients present, we are producing the crop based on the
recommendations.
Here we are using Raspberry pi in which inbuilt wifi is there so we don’t need to use the IOT
module.

MOTIVATION
Motivation towards development of automated irrigation system is mainly saving the water, time,
and money and improve the performance of production in agriculture sector. This system will be
helpful to individuals and countries where economy is based on the agriculture sector. System
autonomously predicts soil nutrients and moisture at the right time & will improve the
performance. It will optimize soil nutrients, water resources & use of water and fertilizers for crop
production & this will be great for farmers.
• Increase crop yields and quality, while saving on operational costs and labor.
• Predict the soil nutrient values
• Reduce water consumption
• Recommend the crops suitable according to the soil
• Manage the plant process from practically anywhere - whether from the office, from home
or on the road(remote access).
• minimize energy costs

PROBLEM STATEMENT
So as shown in above fig., there are lots of problems that occur, hence, here we are checking the
nutrients and their values present in the soil, what the nutrient values are present in soil based on
that we can decide the crop. Using soil nutrients sensor which is interfaced with the raspberry pi.
By implementing this project it is possible to get a better harvest. And also all data will be show on
Android App.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

DETECTION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM (NPK) NUTRIENTS

OF SOIL USING OPTICAL TRANSDUCER
AUTHOR:- Marianah Masrie* , Mohamad Syamim Aizuddin Rosman,
An optical transducer is developed to measure and to detect the presence of Nitrogen (N),
Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) of soil. Such transducer is needed to decide how much extra
contents of these nutrients are to be added to the soil to increase soil fertility. This can improve the
quality of soil and reduces the undesired use of fertilizers to be added to the soil. The N, P, and K
value of the sample are determined by absorption light of each nutrient. The optical transducer is
implemented as a detection sensor which consists of three LEDs as light source and a photodiode
as a light detector. The wavelength of LEDs is chosen to fit the absorption band of each nutrient.
The nutrient absorbs the light from LED and the photodiode convert the remaining light that is
reflected by reflector to current. The system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller for data
acquisition therefore the output from the transducer is converted into a digital display reading.
Testing on various samples of soils, showed that the optical transducer can evaluate the amounts of
NPK soil content as High, Medium and Low.

SOIL MACRONUTRIENT SENSING FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE

AUTHOR:- Hak-Jin Kim,*a Kenneth A. Sudduthb and John W. Hummelb
Accurate measurements of soil macronutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are
needed for efficient agricultural production, including site-specific crop management (SSCM),
where fertilizer nutrient application rates are adjusted spatially based on local requirements. Rapid,
non-destructive quantification of soil properties, including nutrient levels, has been possible with
optical diffuse reflectance sensing. Another approach, electrochemical sensing based on ion-
selective electrodes or ion selective field effect transistors, has been recognized as useful in real-
time analysis because of its simplicity, portability, rapid response, and ability to directly measure
the analyte with a wide range of sensitivity. Current sensor developments and related technologies
that are applicable to the measurement of soil macronutrients for SSCM are comprehensively
reviewed. Examples of optical and electrochemical sensors applied in soil analyses are given,
while advantages and obstacles to their adoption are discussed. It is proposed that on-the-go
vehicle-based sensing systems have potential for efficiently and rapidly characterizing variability
of soil macronutrients within a field.
N, P, K DETECTION & CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS USING PIC
CONTROLLER: A REVIEW
AUTHOR:- Laxmi C. Gavade

The main way of this paper is to review different detection of N, P and K contents, humidity of the
soil by using sensors and also monitor the temperature and sunlight in the agricultural field. India
is such a country which has capacity to produce three crops in a year such as Rabi, Kharif and zaid
crops. Indian agriculture is characterized by agro-ecological diversities in soil, rainfall,
temperature, and cropping system. Indian agricultural productivity is very less compared to world
standards due to, use of obsolete farming technology. Also due to, lack of understanding of the
need for sustainability in the poor farming community has made things worse. Fertilizer has been
the key input in augmenting food production in India. However, fertilizer use in India is skewed,
high in a few states having adequate irrigation & dismally low in the NE states. There is also
imbalanced use of N, P, and K. Due to the imbalanced use of plant nutrients is considered as the
main cause for decline in crop yield and crop response ratio.

DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC NUTRITION SUPPLY SYSTEM USING IOT TECHNIQUE IN

MODERN CITIES
AUTHOR:- SOWMIYA.P.B, NAGASWETHA.B.K, PRIYADHARSHINI.D
Vegetables provide nutrients that are important for the health of the human body. Vegetables are
the important source of many nutrients including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
prosperous and Sulphur. This nutrients keeps human healthy and also it gives more benefits. In
today’s world everyone is busy with their own works and no one has the time to plant the seeds in
their house and also watering it and can’t give essential nutrients that plant needs. The only
solution to this problem is smart farming by modernizing the current traditional methods of
farming in modern cities. Hence the project aims at making terrace farming smart using
automation and IoT technologies. The highlighting features of this project is that, it supplies
essential nutrition’s which is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium to the plants based on
the sensors data’s. Controlling of all these operations will be done automatically and also manually
by the mobile phone or computer that is connected to the internet and the operations will be
performed by data’s which is collected from the sensors of moisture, humidity, temperature, LDR,
pH with micro-controller raspberry pi. From this project we are going to build an automated
nutrient supply system.
INTEGRATED CLOUD FRAMEWORK FOR FARM MANAGEMENT
AUTHOR:- Cristian Radu, Elena Apostol, Cat˘ alin Leordeanu, Mariana Mocanu
Smart or intelligent farming is a relatively new concept, but it’s becoming an important factor for the agricultural
sectors, as a way to raise productivity through technology. This article presents a global management and decision
system for smart farming. Our system is addressed to farmers and other actors involved in farming operations, such as
rural service companies and banks. It can manage up to several groups of smart or technology-based farms. The
system is functioning on two levels, local and Cloud. First of all, it must be deployed on the farm’s local wireless
network. And secondly, it uses the Cloud’s resources and flexibility to offer even more complex services.

SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRECISION SPECIALTY CROP PRODUCTION

AUTHOR:- W.S. Leea,∗, V. Alchanatis b,1, C. Yangc,2, M. Hirafuji d,3, D. Moshoue,4, C. Lif,5
a University of Florida, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, P.O. Box 110570, Frazier Rogers Hall,
Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611-0570, United States b Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization
Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO – The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel c
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Kika de la Garza Subtropical
Agricultural Research Center, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83,
Weslaco, TX 78596, United States d National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Agricultural
Research Center and University of Tsukuba, 3-1-1 Kannondai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan e Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.), Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. 275, Egnatias street 124,
54124, Thessaloniki, Greece f Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Georgia, 2329 Rainwater Road,
Tifton, GA 31793, United States

PHD FORUM: SENSOR BASED SPATIO-TEMPORAL SOIL HYDRODYNAMIC

MODELING
AUTHOR:- Bipendra Basnyat
Overground Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is reaching its final stage of being able to pass the
test of resiliency and reliability. However, the network protocol for underground communication
and sensor applications are still evolving. Thus, in this work, we propose to study the sustainability
of a wireless underground sensor network (WUSNs) built by fine-grained spatiotemporal sensing
grids. The metrics for our system’s sustainability measure are reliability, resiliency and the
longevity of the device. In this work, we propose to build a low-cost automated WUSN system that
can collect and map out the subsurface groundwater movement. Our system senses spatiotemporal
soil moisture levels and generates a predictive model to quantify the groundwater movement in
soil strata. We propose an end to end system that can monitor soil moisture level during and after
the rainfall. The prototype consists of a rain gauge, soil moisture sensors mesh and data
storage/transfer unit. The results from this work will document the feasibility and challenges
associated with the deployment of the underground sensor network.
MOBILE INTEGRATED SMART IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
SYSTEM USING IOT
AUTHOR:- Vaishali S, Suraj S, Vignesh G, Dhivya S and Udhayakumar S
Agriculture has been the most important practice from very beginning of the human civilization.
Traditional methods that are used for irrigation, such as overhead sprinkler and flood type, is not
that much efficient. They results in a lot of wastage of water and can also promote disease such as
fungus formation due to over moisture in the soil. Automated irrigation system is essential for
conservation of the water and indirectly viability of the farm since it is an important commodity.
About 85% of total available water resources across the world are solely used for the irrigation
purpose. In upcoming years this demand is likely to increase because of increasing population. To
meet this demand we must adopt new techniques which will conserve need of water for irrigation
process. In automation system water availability to crop is monitored through sensors and as per
need watering is done through the controlled irrigation. The almost infinite capabilities of storage
and processing, the rapid elasticity makes cloud computing an attractive solution to the large
amount of data generated. The idea is to focus on parameters such as temperature and soil
moisture. This is a Mobile Integrated and smart irrigation system using IOT based on application
controlled monitoring system. The main objective of this project is to control the water supply and
monitor the plants through a Smartphone.

AN INTEGRATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK THROUGH WI-MAX FOR

AGRICULTURE MONITORING
AUTHOR:- M. Usha Rani1 , C. Suganya2 , S.Kamalesh3 , A. Sumithra4
The present work is to develop a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural
environment. Monitoring of environmental factors has increased in importance of water level
management to increase the underwater level .In agricultural environment we have to consider
various factors such as temperature, moisture content available in the soil depends on that the
water flow will be allowed and the amount of water flow range and amount of pressure to be
retrieved. In this approach to measuring these factors in an agricultural environment two options to
be given that is manually taking measurements and automatic process the sensor data is checking
them at various times. If the ability to document the details changes occurred in the sensor field
extend this to remote monitoring using Wimax, anywhere we can monitor and control the
agricultural field with smart irrigation system using these sensors with the help of Wimax. In this
based on Wimax technology the sensor nodes sends the data wirelessly to the central server and
collect the data.
 IOT BASED SMART CROP-FIELD MONITORING AND AUTOMATION IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
AUTHOR:- R. Nageswara Rao,
Agriculture plays vital role in the development of agricultural country like India. Issues concerning
agriculture have been always hindering the development of the country. The only solution to this
problem is smart agriculture by modernizing the current traditional methods of agriculture. Hence
the proposed method aims at making agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies.
Internet of Things (IoT) enables various applications crop growth monitoring and selection,
irrigation decision support, etc. A Raspberry Pi based automatic irrigation IOT system is proposed
to modernization and improves productivity of the crop. main aim of this work to crop
development at low quantity water consumption, In order to focus on water available to the plants
at the required time, for that purpose most of the farmers waste lot time in the fields. An efficient
management of water should be developed and the system circuit complexity to be reduced. The
proposed system developed on the information sent from the sensors and estimate the quantity of
water needed. A two sensors are used to get the data to the base station the humidity and the
temperature of the soil, the humidity, the temperature, and the duration of sunshine per day. The
proposed systems based on these values and calculate the water quantity for irrigation is required.
The major advantage the system is implementing of Precision Agriculture (PA) with cloud
computing, that will optimize the usage of water fertilizers while maximizing the yield of the crops
and also will help in analyzing the weather conditions of the field.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
SR.NO PAPER NAME
1. Detection of Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, and Potassium
(NPK) nutrients of soil using
Optical Transducer
2. Soil macronutrient sensing for
precision agriculture
3. N, P, K Detection & Control for
Agriculture
Applications using PIC
Controller: A Review
Design of automatic
4.
nutrition supply system
using
IoT technique in modern
cities
5. Integrated Cloud Framework for
Farm Management
AUTHOR YEARS DESCRIPTION
Marianah Masrie*, Proc. of the 4th IEEE An optical transducer is
Mohamad Syamim International developed to measure
Aizuddin Rosman, Conference on and
Rosidah Sam and Smart
to detect the presence
Zuriati Janin Instrumentation,
Measurement and of Nitrogen (N),
Applications Phosphorus (P) and
(ICSIMA) Potassium (K) of soil.
28-30 November Such transducer is
2017, Putrajaya, needed to decide how
much extra contents of
Malaysia these nutrients are to be
added to the soil
to increase soil fertility.
Hak-Jin Kim,*a Received 2nd April 2009, Accurate measurements of soil
Kenneth A. Sudduthb Accepted 23rd July 2009 macronutrients (i.e., nitrogen,
and John W. Hummelb First published as an phosphorus, and potassium) are
Advance Article on the
needed
web 13th August 2009
DOI: 10.1039/b906634a for efficient agricultural
production, including site-
specific crop management
(SSCM), where fertilizer
nutrient application rates are
adjusted spatially based on local
requirements.
Laxmi C. Gavade International Journal of The main way of this paper is to
Engineering Research & review different
Technology (IJERT) detection of N, P and K contents,
http://www.ijert.org
humidity of the soil by using
ISSN: 2278-0181
IJERTV6IS040495 sensors and also monitor the
(This work is licensed temperature and sunlight in the
under a Creative agricultural field.
Commons Attribution 4.0
International License.)
Published by :
www.ijert.org
Vol. 6 Issue 04, April-
2017
SOWMIYA.P.B, 2017 International Vegetables provide nutrients
Conference on Technical
NAGASWETHA.B.K, that are important
Advancements in
PRIYADHARSHINI.D Computers and for the health of the human
Communications body. Vegetables are the
important source of many
nutrients including nitrogen,
potassium, calcium,
magnesium, prosperous and
Sulphur.
Cristian Radu, Elena 2016 10th International Smart or intelligent farming
Apostol, C˘at˘alin Conference on Complex, is a relatively new
Leordeanu, Mariana Intelligent, and Software concept, but it’s becoming an
Mocanu Intensive Systems
important factor for the
agricultural
sectors, as a way to raise
productivity through
technology.

6. Sensing technologies for precision
specialty crop production
7. IOT BASED SMART CROP-
FIELD MONITORING AND
AUTOMATION IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
8. PhD Forum: Sensor Based Spatio-
Temporal Soil
Hydrodynamic Modeling
This article presents a global
management and decision
system
for smart farming.
W.S. Leea,∗, V. Computers and With the advances in
Alchanatisb,1, C. Electronics in Agriculture electronic and information
Yangc,2, M. Hirafuji 74 (2010) 2–33 technologies, various sensing
systems have been
d,3, D. Moshoue,4, C.
developed for specialty crop
Lif,5
production around the world.
Accurate information
concerning the spatial
variability within fields is
very important for precision
farming of specialty crops.
However, this variability
is affected by a variety of
factors, including crop yield,
soil properties and nutrients,
crop nutrients,
crop canopy volume and
biomass, water content, and
pest conditions (disease,
weeds, and insects).
R. Nageswara Rao, Proceedings of the Agriculture plays vital role in
Second International
B.Sridhar
Conference on Inventive
the development of
Systems and Control agricultural country like
(ICISC 2018) India. Issues concerning
IEEE Xplore Compliant - agriculture have been always
Part Number:CFP18J06- hindering the development of
ART, ISBN:978-1-5386- the country. The only solution
0807-4; DVD Part to this problem is smart
Number:CFP18J06DVD,
agriculture by
modernizing the current
ISBN:978-1-5386-0806-7
traditional methods of
agriculture. Hence the
proposed method aims at
making agriculture smart
using automation and IoT
technologies. Internet of
Things (IoT) enables various
applications crop growth
monitoring and
selection, irrigation decision
support, etc.
Bipendra Basnyat, P.E. 2018 IEEE International Overground Wireless Sensor
Conference on Smart Network (WSN) is
Computing reaching its final stage of being
able to pass the test of
resiliency
and reliability. However, the
network protocol for
underground
communication and sensor
applications are still evolving.
Thus,
in this work, we propose to
study the sustainability of a
 wireless
underground sensor network
(WUSNs) built by fine-grained
spatiotemporal sensing grids.
The metrics for our system’s
sustainability measure are
reliability, resiliency and the
longevity
of the device.
9. An Integration of M. Usha Rani1, C. 014 International The present work is to
Conference on develop a
Wireless sensor Suganya2,
Computer smart wireless sensor network
Network through Wi- S.Kamalesh3, A. Communication (WSN) for
and Informatics an agricultural environment.
Max for Sumithra4
Monitoring of
(ICCCI -
Agriculture Monitoring 2014), Jan. 03 – 05, environmental factors has
increased in
2014, Coimbatore, importance of water level
management to
INDIA
increase the underwater level
Mobile Integrated Smart Irrigation Vaishali S, Suraj S, International Conference Agriculture has been the
10. Vignesh G, Dhivya S on Communication and
Management and Udhayakumar S Signal Processing, April
most important practice
and Monitoring System Using IOT 6-8, 2017, India from very beginning of the
human civilization.
Traditional methods that are
used for irrigation, such as
overhead sprinkler and flood
type, is not that much
efficient. They results in a lot
of wastage of water and can
also promote disease such as
fungus formation due to over
moisture in the soil.
Automated irrigation
system is essential for
conservation of the water and
indirectly viability of the
farm since it is an important
commodity. About
85% of total available water
resources across the world
are solely used for the
irrigation purpose.
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

3.1.1 PROJECT SCOPE

The existing system includes wireless technology of short distance and the agricultural data’s are
transmitted and viewed in home PC. There is no way of monitoring the data through internet from
remote place. Hence we go for new system.
 In this system the agricultural land in which Soil Nutrient sensor detects NPK
values with moisture level of soil.
 If any sensor value changes than its set value, at that time through wifi data update
over android app.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

System Feature 1(Functional Requirement)

System Features

A system failure can occur because of a hardware failure or a severe software issue, causing over
power supply, short-circuit, damaging of component, wrong connection etc.. or stop
functioning altogether. A system failure may or may not result in an error being displayed on
the screen. The computer may shut off without warning and without any error message. If an
error message is displayed, it often is displayed as error.
System Feature 1

3.1.1 without battery system fails.

Without battery we can’t run the project the system will stop automatically and system will
be failed.

Functional Requirements:
Functional Specification
 The application is user friendly.
 It provides an easy interface to user.
 The accessibility or response time of the application should be fast.
 Performance of the system is appropriate.

Dependency and Constraints:

The system can’t work without giving power supply it depends on sensor.

General Constraints:
 End User application will be developed in raspberry pi .
 Database will be in raspberry pi.
 All the system coding using python
 All scripts shall be written in python language .

Performance Requirement:
1. The application will be soil testing system, it check soil quality .
2. The scheme ensures confidentiality, integrity and freshness of prove.
3. For good performance the resources must be dedicated and must be normalized.

Safety and Security Requirement:

In Safety Requirement it is ensured that hardware is not harmful to any other program or Software
running on particular machine in any manner.

 Performance Requirement:
System can produce results faster on raspberry pi .
It may take more time for peak loads at main system.
The system will be available 100% of the time. Once there is a fatal error, the system will
provide understandable feed back to the user.
 Safety Requirement
Only administrators have access to the database which is sent in the device of each individual
user.
All data will be backed-up every day automatically and also the system administrator can back-
up the data as a function for him.
 This makes it easier to install and update new functionality if required.

 Security Requirement
Our System is being developed in python. Python is an interpreted high-level programming
language for general-purpose programming. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in
1991, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability, notably
using significant whitespace.

 Usability
The system is designed keeping in mind the usability issues considering the end-users who are
developers/programmers. It provides detailed help which would lead to better and faster
learning. Navigation of system is easy.
 Availability

The system shall be available during 24 hours of a day.

Multi lingual Support

Front End: python

Backend: Hardware

Open Issues

Currently we are in only design phase so we have not faced such kind of open issue which will
cause our system.

3.2 System Feature 2

4. External Interface without power supply.

User Interfaces

There will be two user types – the cluster user and the cluster administrator – each of which will
have its own corresponding interface.
Hardware Interfaces

All hardware interfaces of question and answer system will be on top of which it will be running.
Hence, it will incorporate interfaces for:
 CPU usage

 Memory usage

 Network communication

Software Interfaces

It has already been stated, it runs on every system, so it does not need any specific software, just
the installation the python is required.

Communications Interfaces

Communication architecture defines the frequency and fidelity of information flow between
individuals in your organization. It helps structure how and when you communicate, both within a
team and cross-functionally. The specific tactics are unique to each organization, but it requires
proactive thought and investment. Other Nonfunctional Requirements
Functional Specification
 The application is user friendly.
 It provides an easy interface to user.
 The accessibility or response time of the application should be fast.
 Performance of the system is appropriate.

Other Nonfunctional Requirements

4.1 Functional Specification

 The application is user friendly.
 It provides an easy interface to user.
 The accessibility or response time of the application should be fast.
 Performance of the system is appropriate.

 General Constraints:

 End User application will be developed in Windows OS..

  All scripts shall be written in python language .
 Application design pattern shall be Singleton.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 Raspberry Pi.
 System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz. And above
 Hard Disk : 40 GB.
 Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.
 Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.
 Mouse : Logitech.
 Ram : 512 Mb.
  Soil Nutrient sensor

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Operating system : Windows XP/7.

 Coding Language : Python
 IDE : Android studio
 Coding Language : JAVA
 IDE : Android studio
 Database : MYSQL
 Framework : Tomcat Apache 7.0.65

Analysis Models: SDLC Model to be applied

Methodologies used. SDLC Module

We are using waterfall model for our project.
 1. Requirement gathering and analysis:

In this step of waterfall we identify what are various requirements are need for our project
such are software and hardware required, database, and interfaces.

2. System Design:

In this system design phase we design the system which is easily understood for end user
i.e. user friendly.
We design some UML diagrams and data flow diagram to understand the system flow and system
module and sequence of execution.
3. Implementation:

In implementation phase of our project we have implemented various modules required for
successfully getting expected outcome at the different module levels.
With inputs from system design, the system is first developed in small programs called units,
which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality which
is referred to as Unit Testing.
4. Testing:
 The different test cases are performed to test whether the project module are giving
expected outcome in assumed time.
All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system after testing of
each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.
5. Deployment of System:

Once the functional and non-functional testing is done, the product is deployed in the
customer environment or released into the market.
6. Maintenance:

There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues patches
are released. Also to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is done to
deliver these changes in the customer environment.
All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing steadily
downwards like a waterfall through the phases. The next phase is started only after the defined set
of goals are achieved for previous phase and it is signed off, so the name "Waterfall Model". In this
model phases do not overlap.

System Implementation Plan

COCOMO MODEL
The project cost can be found using any one of the model.
COCOMO-1 Model
COCOMO-2 Model
Model -1: The basic COCOMO model computes software development efforts as a function of
program size expressed in estimated lines of code.
Model-2: The intermediate COCOMO model computes software development efforts as a function
of program size and a set of cost drivers that include subjective assessment of the product,
hardware, personnel, project attributes
Model-3: The advanced COCOMO model incorporates all characteristics of the intermediate
version with an assessment of the cost drivers impact on each step of the software engineering
process. Following is the basic COCOMO -2 model.

Software Project A(b) B(b) C(b) D(b)

Organic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38
Semi-detached 3.0 1.22 2.5 0.35
Embedded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32

The basic COCOMO -2 model equations take form:

E=A(b)KLOCB(b)
D=C(b)ED(b)
Where E is the effort applied in person months. D is development time in chronological month.
KLOC is estimated number of delivered lines of code for the project. This project can be classified
as Semidetached software project. The rough estimate of number of lines of this project is
9.072k.Applying the above formula
E=3.0*(9.072)1.22
= 44.20 person- months
D=2.5* 44.35
=
9.40 months
Hence according COCOMO -2 model the time required for completion of the project is 9 (~9.40)
months.

Cost of Project:
Equation for calculation of cost of project using COCOMO - 2 model is:
C = D * Cp
Where,
C = Cost of project
D = Duration in month
Cp= Cost incurred per person-month, Cp=Rs.5000/- (per person-month) (approx.)
C = 9 * 5000
= 45000/-
Hence according COCOMO - 2 model the cost of project is 45000/-(approx.)

SYSTEM DESIGN
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
DFD0

DFD1
DFD2
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
USECASE DIAGRAM
OTHER SPECIFICATION

RASPBERRY PI
RASPBERRY PI DISCRIPTION
Raspberry Pi Model, 512 Mb with a nice black plastic case: The Raspberry Pi is a low cost,
credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a standard
keyboard and mouse. It has the ability to interact with the outside world, and has been used in
real time applications. This board is the central module of the whole embedded image capturing
and processing system as given in figure. Its main parts include: main processing chip, memory,
power supply HDMI Out, Ethernet port, USB ports and abundant global interfaces.

Fig. Raspberry pi module

The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by
the Raspberry Pi Foundation. The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a
chip which includes an ARM1176JZF 700 MHz processor Video CoreIV GPU and was
originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later Upgraded to 512 MB. It does not include a
built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, but Uses an SD card for booting and long-term storage.

The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip(SoC), which includes

an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHzprocessor (The firmware includes a number of "Turbo" modes so
that the user can attempt over clocking, up to 1 GHz, without affecting the warranty),
VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded to
512 MB. It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, but uses an SD card for
Area of Project :
1. Android studio :

Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Google's Android
operating system, built on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software and designed specifically for
Android development. It is available for download on Windows, macOS and Linux based
operating systems. It is a replacement for the Eclipse Android Development Tools (ADT) as
primary IDE for native Android application development.

Android Studio was announced on May 16, 2013 at the Google I/O conference. It was in early
access preview stage starting from version 0.1 in May 2013, then entered beta stage starting from
version 0.8 which was released in June 2014. The first stable build was released in December
2014, starting from version 1.0. The current stable version is 3.0 released in October 2017.

The following features are provided in the current stable version:

 Gradle-based build support

 Android-specific refactoring and quick fixes
 Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility and other problems
 ProGuard integration and app-signing capabilities
 Template-based wizards to create common Android designs and components
 A rich layout editor that allows users to drag-and-drop UI components, option to preview
layouts on multiple screen configurations
 Support for building Android Wear apps
 Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform, enabling integration with Firebase Cloud
Messaging (Earlier 'Google Cloud Messaging') and Google App Engine
 Android Virtual Device (Emulator) to run and debug apps in the Android studio.

Android Studio supports all the same programming languages of IntelliJ,

and PyCharm e.g. Python, and Kotlin; and Android Studio 3.0 supports "Java 7 language features
and a subset of Java 8 language features that vary by platform version." External
projects backport some Java 9 features.

Data base connectivity :

LIMITATIONS

 LESS ACCURACY
 HIGH INITIAL COST
 DIFFICULT FOR FIRST INSTALLATION
 COMPLEX THAN THE TRADITIONAL SOIL TESTING METHOD TO DEVELOP
AND MAINTAIN
APPLICATIONS

 It can be commonly used by farmers in their fields.

 It can be used in vegetable, lawn, garden beds as well.

 It is useful because it saves water & fertilizers by calculating the needs of the soil.

 Growth of crops is fast & healthy, labor use gets reduced. Therefore our project is
useful for society one can save manpower.

 Improvement in farm profitability by increasing income & reducing costs.

 It is useful especially in areas where water supplies are limited and the crops are
planted without any prior knowledge of the nutrients needed by the crops.
CONCLUSIONS

This system involves growing plants by checking the soil condition and using the
raspberry pi interface for sending the data through Android App using WIFI. It provides
every- thing that is needed to build any monitor or control application in significantly in less
time, The automatic nutrient detection, prediction and moisture system was developed and
successfully implemented along with sensors. The system reduces human effort and wastage
of water, fertilizers and excess electricity consumption.
FUTURE WORK

In future vision, we could add extra modules to the project like recommending the
crops based on the humidity, wind flow, erosion etc. along with the basic nutrients required.
The application can be made on a commercial/large scale so as to be available to the Indian
farmer base with better fault tolerance and more accuracy.