WHAT USUALLY OCCURS

DURING THE FIRST DAY OF

YOUR JOB?

CONFUSION
MISPERCEPTION
FEAR UNCERTAINTY
PERPLEXITY
AWKWARDNESS
IF YOU DO NOT KNOW HOW TO TEACH, THAT’S GREAT
WE SHARE THE SAME DISAPPOINTMENTS.
DO-IT-YOURSELF MAGIC TRICKS TO
EFFECTIVE TEACHING

REALLY?
CAN YOU SHARE THE TRICKS TO US?
PLS! PLS! PLS!
AND I WAS LIKE:
 WHY?
BECAUSE THERE IS NO MAGIC TRICK IN EDUCATING, ONLY:

variation goals
linkages preparations
unselfish service dedications experience
purpose
sacrifice readiness

art
cooperate patience
mission understanding
(PLEASE STOP, THIS SLIDE IS NOT ENOUGH).
AND YET YOU OPTED TO TEACH
YOU MUST BE OUT OF YOUR MIND
DO YOU BELIEVE EVERY SINGLE ONE OF US
IS GIFTED WITH THE ABILITY TO:

DRAW
PLAY WITH NUMBERS
EDUCATE?
THE SECRET TO EFFECTIVE TEACHING IS TO
MASTER THE USE OF TOOLS
by using:

• Instructional Materials
• Appropriate Technological Processes
• COMMON SENSE
These tools we call:

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
CLASSIFIED INTO:

• HARDWARE
• SOFTWARE
• SKILLS
• PEDAGOGY
other authors would say:

an array of tools that might prove helpful in

advancing student learning.
A little about history

Much of the foundation of the field of instructional design was

laid in World War II, when the U.S. military faced the need to
rapidly train large numbers of people to perform complex
technical tasks, from field-stripping a carbine to navigating
across the ocean to building a bomber
History would tell that edtech progressed
with the use of:

• Cave wall paintings

• Educational film in the 1900s
• Training films for soldiers
• Presentation-based thru visual and aural
by streaming thru audio and video
• Programmed instruction
• Computer-Aided Instruction
• Computer-Based Instruction

& the story will never end…

What then is “TECHNOLOGY”?

• Making
• Modification
• Usage
• Knowledge
So?

• affected the way people live, work, play and learn;

• challenged the time tested method and approaches in teaching
and way of education is managed;
• kept school administrators abreast with the fast changing mode of
teaching;
• resulted in the massive retooling of teachers and employees
• changed the roles of teacher from purveyor to that of a facilitator
or guide in the quest of knowledge;
• IT continues to have a strong impact on the access to worldwide
web and information that enriches teaching and learning.
From different perspectives:

Instructional design perspective:

Learning
- Learning Theory
- Affect & Motivation
- Learning Level
- Learning Type

("How to")
Instructional
Design
Tools & Methods Model Pedagogy
- Educational Technologies - Educational Theory
- Technologies - Instructional Theory
- Cognitive Tools - Pedagogical Strategies
- Instructional Design - Instructional Design Theory
Methods
 From different perspectives:

Design-Research oriented perspective:

Learning Theories – behaviorism, constructivism, associationism…

Pedagogical Strategies – inspired by constructivism, instructionalism, socio-culturalism…
Technology – learning management systems, multimedia animations, workflow tools…
Learning Types – attitudes, facts, concepts, reasoning, procedure learning, problem solving…
- and other elements
 From different perspectives:

From a fundamental research perspective

Many researchers in the field rather adopt a more fundamental research stance and they focus on
small well defined problems such as "under which conditions can multimedia animations be effective?."

From a technology perspective

Each time a new technology appears soon after it may be hailed as a new solution to education by
both researchers and practitioners. Therefore, one also could argue that fundamentally speaking, educational
technology research and practice is technology driven (although not many members of the community would
accept this stance).
 Evaluation of Technology & Its Current
Application

Evaluation must:
• be a holistic approach; all the phases of learning must be seen because all of
them contribute to the total development of the child.
• judge the strength of the content selected, the strategies employed, and the
instructional materials used.
• be used in Educational Technology and its means in considering the merits of
the material used, its strength and weaknesses as a tool for learning.
• include many aspects of consideration like size, attractiveness, relevance, and
economy, ease of handling, novelty and practicality.
 The Four Phases of Educational
Technology

• Identification of Objectives
• Design of the Learning Experiences
• Evaluation on the effectiveness of the
learning experiences
• Improvement of the learning
experiences.
 Some common terms in EdTech:

• Media – means communicating messages from a source to a receiver.

In general Media provides avenues for communication.

• Format – The physical form or manner in which a medium is displayed or

shown (variety show, magazine, radio)

• Technology – a product, a process, or both a product and a process.

 Characteristics of Media

Used as communicative avenues to learning, there are traits which

characterize media.
• MESSAGE is the content to be taught. The word “content” here is taken in a broad sense,
meaning knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes.
• MEDIUM is the shape of the message, examples of which are words, pictures, objects two-
dimensional projected images, symbols and non-verbal signs such as pantomime.
• CHANNEL is the vehicle (mechanical or physical) or the structure through which the medium is
presented to the learner. Examples are television system, a projector, the human voice box, or
a recording and playback device. A field trip may be classified as a channel, since it is merely
the structure or administrative vehicle for getting the learner to the place where the media for
learning are to be observed.
 Classifications of Educational Technology

 Material Technology
1. Traditional or Low-Tech Instructional Materials are the indigenous materials usually
real objects or those that are made of paper and cardboards. Pictures or photographs,
illustrations, drawings, cartoons, posters, graphs, charts, flash cards and maps done in paper.
2. High-Tech Materials or the Mediated Technology includes those which are
presented using media equipment or hardware. This includes the educational television, motion
pictures, overhead projectors (OHP), opaque projector, slide projector and more importantly the
computer and its peripherals like the LCD, printer and scanner.

 Non-Material Educational Technology on the other hand includes the theories, laws,
principles, methods and strategies of teaching. They evolved as results of researches and
studies in order to facilitate teaching and learning.
 Criteria in Evaluating Educational Technology

• Size
• Relevance
• Color
• Economy
• Durability
• Easy to handle
• Novelty
Because in the end the AIM of
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY is to MAKE
teaching easier &

MORE
EFFECTIVE