Balancing Training Part 1

Typical Steps of field Balancing

Illustration with model 907

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 An Overview of the Steps
1. Collecting Machine data
2. Preparing Instrument & Sensor
3. Balancing really required ?
4. Balancing possible ?
5. Procedure of balancing

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 Step 1 - Collecting Machine data

Understand the machine to be balanced
as much as possible

Collect machine data

Take a photo of the machine

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Sample: Machine to be balanced
Impeller Parameter:
• Diameter: 1400mm
• Thickness: 500mm
Bearing1 Bearing2 • Blade Number: 12
Impeller • Material:Fiberglass-Reinforced
Plastics
• RPM: 1825 r/min
• Bearing Model: ?
Motor Parameter:
• Power: 75kW
• RPM: 1500 r/min

Motor Others:
• Belt transmission
• Spring base
• Manufacture: LG
 Step 2 - Preparing Instrument & Sensors

Sendig- 904/907 dual- hc annel data

collector/analyser/balancer

A notebook computer

Sendig- MCM3 Analysis Software

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 Sensors & Cable connecting
Attach reflecting
paper on shaft

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 Step 3 - Balancing really required ?

Use 904/907 to measure overall vibration values

Compare with ISO Standard

2) Use “Collector” to 1) Switch

measure vibration
to Analyzer

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 Horizontal VELOCITY is the critical parameter

6: Point: Motor- 1- Side- 2

- X
Alarm
- mode: Displacement
Freq
- Range: 500Hz
Sensor:4.6
…………………………
New Data Old Data
ACC xxx / xxx m/s2
VEL 7.2 / 2.1 mm/s
DISP 68 / 12 µm
ENV xx / xx m/s2

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Comparison with ISO2372
Sample

Overall Value Measurement

Acc. Vel. Disp. Envelope
Peak ms-2 RMS mm/s P_P um RMS ms-2

Hor. 88.81 9.95 101.5 5.268

Ver. 55.89 5.554 38.77 7.362

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Sample
Not Permissible, Balancing really required !

Measurement

9.95 mm/s
 Step 4-1: Balancing possible?
– “single peak spectrum” ?

Use 904/907 to measure vibration spectrum

Only “single peak spectrum” can go for balancing

2) Use “Collector” to 1) Switch

measure vibration
to Analyzer

3) Use “C
- Spect” to
see velocity spectrum
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Sample of non
- single peak spectrum
- not suitable for Balancing

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Sample of non-single peak spectrum- Better change bearing before balancing

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 Sample of single peak spectrum –
You can reduce the vibration by Balancing

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 Step 4-2: Balancing possible ?
– “90o phase difference” ?

Use 904/907 to measure vibration phase difference between

vertical and horizontal directions

Only “90o phase difference” can go for balancing

3) See if “90o phase difference” exist?

1) switch to balancer
and use 2-planes
balancing procedure

2) Page down to “Initial

Measurement” to measure
vibration phase at X & Y
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Sample
- 90o phase difference” –
Sample of “non
You cannot reduce the vibration by Balancing

Phase Measurement:

Velocity Amplitude Phase

Vertical: 9.416 320

Phase
Horizontal: 3.08 116 difference
not 90o

Since phase difference is not 90o nor closer to 90o ,this means the
problem with the fan is something else other than unbalance.
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Sample
Sample of nearly “90o phase difference” –
You can reduce the vibration by Balancing

1. Phase stable

2. Phase Measurement:

Velocity Amplitude Phase

Vertical: 0.693 73
Phase
Horizontal: 1.569 150 difference is
77o

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 Balancing Training Part 2

Procedure of balancing

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 Different Kinds Of
Imbalance
1-plane 2-plane
imbalance imbalance

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 Characteristics Of
Imbalance

1. The vibration frequency is mainly composed of

RPM frequency. For each round the rotor turns, a
vibration is occurred.
2. The wave is an approximate sine wave.
3. There is a difference of 90o between the vertical
vibration phase and the horizontal one.
4. With RPM increasing, the vibration amplitude is
increased
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 Basic Principle
Of 1 Plane Balancing
1 select a plane to fix trial mass and a
point to measure, draw scale of phase
and sign of 0o phase
2 measure initial vibration A0(phase
and amplitude)

A 3 fix a trial mass Q on the plane,

measure vibration A1
4 calculate influence coefficients:
amplitude phase RPM A1 − A 0
α =
Q
5 calculate balancing mass P: α P = − A0
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 Illustration of 1 Plane Balancing

ω
•draw A0 & A1, calculate A1- A0
•measure the angle φ between A1- A0
o K and A0
φ •turn Q a φ along the direction of φ ,
Q gain the correct location of balancing
P mass.
A1- A0 •the weight of balancing mass is as
the following : A0
A1 φ P = Q
A0 A1 − A 0
o
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 Method of Influence
Coefficients

Method of influence coefficients is
widely used, its step as the following
(1 plane balancing as example):

1 measure initial vibration

2 fix a trial mass

3 measure the vibration with the trial mass

4 calculate the result of balancing mass

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 IF THE INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS ARE KNOWN, THE
STEP OF FIXING TRIAL MASS ARE IGNORED

The former steps are simplified as the following:

1) measure initial measurement
2) input influence coefficients
3) calculate the result of balancing mass

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 NOTICES DURING THE OPERATION

Confirm the dynamic

balancing are needed
according to spectrum phase
and phase analysis.

Direction of phase:
Reflecting slice

reverse to the direction

of rotation
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 SELECTING
PARAMETERS

Measure displacement or velocity for

middle or low speed machines

Measure velocity or acceleration for high
speed machines

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 CONFIRM whether the trial is suitable

•The radius of loading trial mass is as same as loading

the amended mass
•The turning speed is steady
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 1-PLANE BALANCING

Without
Tacho
sensor influence
coefficients
A
Accelerometer

907
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 Operation Basic

Prompt is displayed at the last line

Press ‘∧’ and ‘∨’ key to move the
cursor up and down

Press Enter to select iterm

Press number keys to input digits

To other MENU, press PgDn or
PgUp

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 Always make sure the
“Setting” is correct before the
balancing
Enter a digit, select 1 set of data from 10

Enter a digit, select plan number

Change by “ENTER”,
use displacement or
velocity for most machines
Input sensitivity (from
accelerometer certificate)

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 INITIAL MEASUREMENT

Press Enter to measure
rotation speed first

Press Enter for a moment
to measure vibration after
rotation speed become
steady

After phase and amplitude
become steady, press
Enter for a moment to end
the measurement
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 TRIAL ESTIMATION

Input the 4
parameters

When cursor on 6th
line, press Enter to
calculate trial range

Stop the machine, fix
a trial mass according
to the range
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 TRIAL MEASUREMENT

Input phase and weight of the
trial, confirm whether it will be
removed afterward, restart the
machine

Move cursor to 6th line, press
Enter to measure rotation speed

When RPM steady, press Enter a
moment to measure vibration

When amplitude and phase
steady, press Enter for a
moment to end the
measurement
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 TRIAL RESULT

See what the 6th line
shows

If YES displayed, press
Pg Dn to go on

If NO displayed, stop
the machine, adjust
trial mass, return to the
early page of TRAIL
MEASUREMENT,
measure again
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 CALCULATION

Cursor on 2nd line, press
Cursor on 2nd line, press

ENTER to calculate influence Enter to calculate balancing
coefficients mass

The result is shown in 4th line
The result is shown in 3rd line

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 Decomposing/Splitting

Input the 2 angles

Display the results

If nothing displayed at
right side, change the
order of the 2 angles
and re- enter Pa2

Pa
Pa1

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 VERIFICATION

Cursor on 2nd line, press Enter

to measure rotation speed

When RPM steady, press Enter
a moment to measure
vibration

When amplitude and phase
steady, press Enter for a
moment to end the
measurement

The last 2 lines displays the
results
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 1-PLANE BALANCING

With influence coefficients,

you do not need to add trial
mass. You need only
measure the initial vibration

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 SETTING PARAMETERS

Set “Yes” for the

question of “Have
influence Coefficient?”

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 INITIAL MEASUREMENT

Press Enter to measure
rotation speed

Press Enter for a moment
to measure vibration after
rotation speed become
steady

When phase and amplitude
become steady, press
Enter for a moment to end
the measurement
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 INPUT COEFFICIENTS

Move the cursor to the

4th line, input
amplitude and angle of
coefficient

Press Pg Dn to the next
page

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 Calculation, Decomposition &
verification

calculate
balancing mass

Decomposition
and verification
Pa2
are the same as
illustrated earlier
Pa
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 2-PLANES BALANCING
Without influence coefficients

The main difference than 1-plane:

1. Need to add trial mass one after
another at the 1st plane and 2nd
plane
2. Need to use 2 vibration sensors
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 Sensors & Cable connecting
Attach reflecting
paper on shaft

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 SETTING PARAMETERS

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 INITIAL MEASUREMENT & TRIAL
ESTIMATION

Get 2
lines of
reading
here

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 TRIAL I MEASUREMENT

Input phase
and weight of
the trial on
plane 1,
decide if it will
be removed,
restart the
machine

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 TRIAL II MEASUREMENT

Input phase
and weight of
the trial on
plane 2,
decide if it will
be removed,
restart the
machine

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 Calculation, Decomposition &
Verification

calculate
balancing mass

Decomposition
and verification
are the same
as illustrated Pa2
Pb2
earlier
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Pa1
 2-PLANES BALANCING With
influence coefficients

With influence coefficients,

you do not need to add trial
mass. You need only
measure the initial vibration.

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