COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

TECHNO CAMPUS, GHATIKIA, BHUBANESHWAR

BASIC ELECTRONICS (BE) LAB PROJECT REPORT ON

“THEFT ALARM(PROXIMITY SENSOR)”

SUBMITTED TO:
MRS.PRAGYAN PARAMITA PRADHAN
MRS.DEBASHREE BRAHMA
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SUBMITTED BY: SUBGROUP-2

1. AVINASH MISHRA :1701106382

2. BHABESH KUMAR SENAPATI :1701106385

3. PRITISH ROSHAN RAY :1701106388

4. HRISHITA SINHA :1701106402

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CONTENTS:
TOPIC PAGE NO.
1.INTRODUCTION
2.CIRCUIT AND COMPONENT SPECIFICATION
3.WORKING
4.APPLICATION
5.MERITS AND DEMERITS
6.CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION

As we all well versed of, a thermometer is an measuring device that

measures temperature and temperature gradient. It has two important elements.(1) a
temperature sensor in which changes occur according to temperature and;
(2)converting these changes to observable forms.

LED Thermometer – Temperature Measurement

Circuit

This is a simple electronic project. This project is about making a LED bar graph
thermometer using two ICs, one for the sensor.

What is a bar graph thermometer?

A bar graph thermometer is one which shows temperature reading, using an array of
LEDs instead of a digital numerical output. Here this project has 8 LED lights (4 blue,
2yellow & 2 red LED lights) . They are arranged in a single line, and by counting the
number of LEDs lit we can determine the temperature. Example: in a circuit, the glowing
of a total of 1 LED indicates 60 degree F, glowing all 10 indicates 80 degrees F. The
rest of the 8 LEDs indicate 2.5-degree temperature increments.

Using the LM3914 and LM35 temperature sensor can be designed various electronic
thermometer projects . The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
temperature.. This LED thermometer project uses a standard precision LM35
temperature sensor that has a linear voltage output based on the room temperature in
Celsius.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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COMPONENT SPECIFICATION
Things needed to make this LED THERMOMETER:-
1) 1x bread board and connectors
2) 1x LM3914 IC
3) 1x LM35 temperature sensor
4) 1x 100k potentiometer
5) 1x 1k resistor
6) 1x 10k resistor
7) 8x 5mm LED
8) 1x 9v power supply

1.LM3914 IC:-
The LM3914 is an integrated circuit (IC) designed by National Semiconductor and used
to operate displays that visually show the magnitude of an analog signal..
One LM3914 can drive up to 10 LEDs, LCDs, or vacuum fluorescent displays on its
outputs. The linear scaling of the output thresholds makes the device usable, for
example, as a voltmeter. In the basic configuration it provides a ten step scale which is
expandable to over 100 segments with other LM3914 ICs in series
operate with a range of voltages from 3-35 V, can drive LED and VFD displays. They
can provide a regulated output current between 2-30 mA to directly drive displays.
Internally, each device contains ten comparators and a resistor scaling network, as well
as a 1.25 volt reference source. As the input voltage increases, each comparator turns
on. The device can be configured for either a bar-graph mode, where all lower-output
terminals switch on, or "dot" mode in which only one output goes on. The device is
packaged in an 18 pin dual in-line package or in a surface mount leadless chip carrier.
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2.LM35(Temperature sensor)

Pin Configuration:

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Vcc Input voltage is +5V for typical applications

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2 Analog Out There will be increase in 10mV for raise of every 1°C. Can
range from -1V(-55°C) to 6V(150°C)

3 Ground Connected to ground of circuit

 Minimum and Maximum Input Voltage is 35V and -2V respectively. Typically 5V.
 Can measure temperature ranging from -55°C to 150°C
 Output voltage is directly proportional (Linear) to temperature (i.e.) there will be a rise of
10mV (0.01V) for every 1°C rise in temperature.
 ±0.5°C Accuracy
 Drain current is less than 60uA
 Low cost temperature sensor

WORKING
Using the LM3914 and LM35 temperature sensor can be designed various electronic
thermometer projects . The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
temperature.. This LED thermometer project uses a standard precision LM35
temperature sensor that has a linear voltage output based on the room temperature in
Celsius

The LM35 electronic led thermometer does not require any external calibration or
trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a
full −55 to +150°C temperature range. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output,
and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry
especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus
supplies. As it draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than
0.1°C in still air.

MERITS:
 The circuit is very simple and uses basic components.
 The circuit is inexpensive.
 The circuit is easy to troubleshoot.
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DEMERITS:
 The circuit uses analog means of indication of temperature.
 It doesn’t specify a fixed value of temperature.

CONCLUSION: