Presentation on A Variable Audio Frequency

Oscillator Using Op-amp 741

Submitted to
Md. Ziaul Islam
Lecturer & coordinator
City university

Submitted by
Mariyom Akter
ID: 182183529
City university
 What is a IC 741
• The 741 Op-Amp IC is a monolithic integrated
circuit, comprising of a general purpose
Operational Amplifier.
741 IC Symbol & Pin Configuration
 Project Description of A Variable Audio
Frequency Oscillator Using Op-amp 741
The circuit of variable audio frequency oscillator using op-amp
741 is mainly a Wein Bridge oscillator whose frequency is varied
using the gang condenser. While using the IC1 741 (operational
amplifier), the use of split power supply has been avoided by
using capacitors C1 and C2, for R4*, a 150-Ω resistor, we can use
thermister or even a bulb which control the amplitude of the
oscillation.
While using the oscillator, an 8Ω speaker with a 10 µF capacitor
connected as in the circuit will provide a good amount of
volume. While using for testing, the output pin number 6 of the
IC1 I connected to the input of the instrument to be tested via a
0.01 µF capacitor. The circuit works off a 3V to 9V supply
satisfactorily.
 PARTS LIST OF VARIABLE AUDIO
FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR USING OP-AMP
741
• Resistor (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon)
R1, R2 = 390 KΩ
R3 = 100 Ω
R4* = 150 Ω

• Capacitors
C1, C2 = 100 µF, 15V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C3 = 10 µF, 15V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
VC1 = 2J GANG 35pF-365pF
• Semiconductors
IC1 = 741 (Operational Amplifier IC)
• Miscellaneous
LS1 = 8 Ω speaker
 Working of IC 741 Op-Amp

This section clearly explains the concept of the internal

schematic and working of IC 741. A typical IC 741 is constructed
with a circuit that is included with 11 resistors and 20 transistors.
All these transistors and resistors are assimilated and connected
as a single monolithic chip. With the below-portrayed image, the
component’s internal connections can be easily understood.

Below figure shows, for the transistors, Q1 and Q2, the inverting
and non-inverting inputs are connected correspondingly. Both
the Q1 and Q2 transistors function as NPN emitters where these
outputs are connected to a couple of Q3 and Q4 transistors.
These Q3 and Q4 operate as common-base amplifiers. This type of
configuration isolates the inputs that have a connection with Q3 and
Q4 and so eliminates likely signal feedback which might take place.

The voltage fluctuations that take place at the operational amplifier

inputs might show an impact on the internal circuit current flow and
also impacts the effective functional range of any transistor that is in
the circuit. So, to eliminate this from taking place, there has been the
implementation of two current mirrors. The transistor pairs (Q8, Q9)
and (Q12, Q13) are connected in a way to form mirror circuits.

As Q8 and Q12 transistors are the regulating transistors, they set the
voltage level at the EB junction for their corresponding pair of the
transistor. This voltage level can be accurately regulated to some
decimals of millivolts and this accuracy permits only necessary current
flow to the circuit.
One mirror circuit which is developed by Q8 and Q9 is fed to the
input circuit whereas the other mirror circuit developed by Q12 and
Q13 is fed to the output circuit. Also, the other mirror circuit which is
the third one formed by Q10 and Q11 functions as an increased
impedance connection between the -ve supply and input. This
connection offers a reference level of voltage showing no loading
effect on the input circuit.

The transistor Q6 together with 4.5K and 7.5K resistors will be

developed into a voltage level shifter circuit that decreases the
voltage level from the amplifier circuit at the input section by Vin
before it gets passed to the next circuit. This is achieved to eliminate
any kind of signal variations at the output amplifier section. Whereas
Q22, Q15, and Q19 transistors are designed to function as class A
amplifier and the Q14, Q20, and Q17 transistors develop as output
phase of the 741 Op Amp.
In order to remove any kind of abnormalities at the input phase of
the differential circuit, then Q5, Q6, and Q7 transistors are employed
to form a configuration that has Offset null +ve and -ve and levels
inverting and non-inverting inputs correspondingly.
 741 Op-Amp Applications
There are many electronic circuits are built with IC 741 op amp
namely Voltage follower, analog to digital converter, sample and
hold circuit, the voltage to current and current to voltage
converting, summing amplifier, etc. The applications of the IC
741 operational amplifier include the following.

• Variable audio frequency oscillator using IC 741 Op Amp.

• IC 741 Op Amp based Adjustable Ripple RPS.

• Audio mixture for Four channels using IC 741 Op Amp.

• IC 741 Op Amp and LDR based automatic light operated

switch.
• DC volt polarity meter using IC 741 Op-Amp.

• e-room thermometer using IC 741 Op Amp.

• Listening of Bug using IC 741 Op-Amp.

• Microphone Amplifier using IC 741 Op-Amp.

• IC 741 Op-Amp Tester.

• This is the based Protection of Short Circuit RPS.

• Thermal Touch Switch Using IC 741 Op Amp.

• Conversion of V to F using IC 741 Op Amp.

• IC 741 Op Amp based Wind Sound Generation.