ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

1. Aldehydes are more reactive towards nucleophilic reagents than ketones.

2. Chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid.
3. Aldehydes are more volatile than corresponding alcohols.
4. Why carboxylic acids do not give the characteristic reactions of carbonyl group?
5. Treatment of benzaldehyde with HCN gives a mixture of two isomers which cannot be separated
even by careful fractional distillation.
6. Sodium bisulphite is used for the purification of aldehydes and ketones.
7. Why aldehydes and ketones undergo a number of addition reactions?
8. Why b.p. of aldehydes and ketones are lower than that of corresponding acids?
9. There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one such group is involved in the
formation of semicarbazones. Why?
10. Why cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrins in good yield but 2,4,6-trimethylcyclohexanone does not?
11. Formaldehyde gives cannizzaro’s reaction whereas acetaldehyde does not?
12. Why electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position?
13. Why carboxylic acid stronger than phenol?
14. Why p-fluorobenzoic acid weaker acid than p-chlorobenzoic acid?
15. During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of acid
catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed. Why?
16. Benzaldehyde reduces Tollen’s reagent but not Fehling’s or benedicts solution?
17. Hydrazones of aldehydes and ketones are not prepared in highly acidic medium?
18. Why is benzoic acid less soluble in water than acetic acid?
19. Why carboxylic acidcs do not form oximes?
20. Why does benzoic acid not undergo friedel-crafts reaction?
21. Why is it necessary to control the pH during the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia
derivatives?