Mariano Gómez y Guard was a Filipino secular priest, part of the Gomburza trio who were falsely

accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was
placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen.

EARLY LIFE
Gómez was born on August 2, 1799 in the suburb of Santa Cruz, Manila. He was a Tornatrás, one born
of mixed Chinese and Spanish ancestries. His parents were Francisco Gómez and Martina Guard. After
studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán, he took theology in the University of Santo Tomás. He
was a student preparing for the priesthood in the Seminary of Manila.

ASSIGNMENT IN CAVITE
On June 2, 1824, he was designated the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite. Aside from taking care of the
spiritual necessities of the town and the church, he also taught agriculture and cottage industries. Gómez
also helped in maintaining a harmonious relationship among his other priests. He fought for equal rights
of native priests against the abuses of their Spanish counterparts.
DEATH
Gómez was accused of treason, sedition, and taking active part in the Cavite mutiny of 1872 and
sentenced to death by garotte in a military court. He was sent to jail along with Fray José Burgos,
Fray Jacinto Zamora, Joaquín Pardo de Tavera and Máximo Paterno. The three friars were executed on
February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan field; and have been known since then by the acronym composed of
their collective surnames – Gomburza.
Before his death, Gómez was active in the publication of the newspaper "La Verdad" (Spanish, "The
Truth").

José Apolonio Burgos y García was a Filipino mestizo secular priest, accused of mutiny by
the Spanish colonial authorities in thePhilippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and
summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen.

EARLY LIFE
Burgos was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur on February 9, 1837 to a Spanish officer, Don José Tiburcio
Burgos, and a mestiza mother named Florencia García. He obtained three undergraduate degrees with
honors, two masters degrees and two doctorate degrees from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and
from the University of Santo Tomas. He conducted his first mass in the Intramuros.

CONTRIBUTION
Burgos' liberal views, codified in editorial essays, championing political and ecclesiastic reforms in favor
of empowering more native clergymen, made him a target of opposition by Roman Catholic authorities.
In 1864, an anonymous pamphlet was published in Manila, criticizing the prejudice in the Church, and
providing rebuttals against several canards against the native clergy. Although the document was
unsigned, historians believe the author to be Burgos, based on its style and content. Burgos also penned
several signed articles later in his life, in response to a series of anonymous written attacks on the Filipino
clergy. Though Burgos offered few new ideas, his name caught the attention of Spanish authorities, who
would report that the native clergy was becoming liberal and separatist.
In 1869, Felipe Buencamino, a young student and an acquaintance of Burgos, was charged with
spreading nationalist propaganda in the form of leaflets scattered throughout his school's campus,
demanding academic freedom. This accusation was given credence by a protest he staged several
months prior, against being required to speak Latin in the classroom. Consequently, Buencamino and
some of his associates were sent to jail. With the aid of Burgos, Buencamino was freed four months later,
only to be told that having missed school for four months, he would have to find a tutor who would help
him make up for the classes he missed. Buencamino chose Burgos.
By this time, Burgos had established a reputation as a defender of the native clergy. His debates over the
rights of native priests had extended to include questions of race and nationalism. This reputation would
eventually cause him to be implicated in a mutiny in Cavite.

DEATH
After the Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872, the trial of mutineer sergeant Bonifacio Octavo revealed that
a man named Zaldua had been recruiting people for an uprising. Octavo testified that this man claimed to
be under the orders of Burgos, but inconsistent details during Octavo's cross-examinations called into
question the validity of his testimony. Nevertheless, governor-general Rafael Izquierdo reported to Madrid
that the testimony had confirmed his suspicions, and pinned the blame on Burgos and two other
priests, Jacinto Zamora andMariano Gómez, for sedition.

INFLUENCE

Burgos was a close friend and associate of Paciano Rizal, José Rizal's older brother and mentor.
Burgos's execution - along with Gómez's and Zamora's - deeply affected José, who was inspired to write
his second novel, El Filibusterismo.

Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (14 August 1835 - 17 February 1872) was a Filipino secular priest,
part of the Gomburza trio who were falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in
the Philippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along
with two other clergymen.

EARLY LIFE
Born on August 14, 1835 to Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario, he began his early education
in Pandacan and later at theColegio de San Juan de Letran. He was classified as an insular under
[1]
the Spanish caste system prevailing at that time. He later transferred to the University of Santo
Tomas after finishing his Bachiller en Artes. Zamora graduated on March 16, 1858 with the degree of
Bachelor of Canon and Civil Laws. He became a student preparing for the priesthood in the Seminary of
Manila.
PASTORAL LIFE
After being ordained, Zamora handled parishes in Marikina, Pasig, and Batangas. He was also assigned
to manage the Manila Cathedral on 3 December 1864. In league with fellow priests Mariano
Gómez and José Burgos, he continued the mission that Pedro Pelaez began, the secularization of
Filipino priests.
DEATH
Zamora had a habit of playing cards after saying Mass. Once, he received an invitation stating that his
friend had "Powder and Munitions"; in a gambler's language, "Powder and Munitions" meant that the
player had much money to gamble with. This invitation fell into the hands of the Spaniards and worse, it
was on the night of the Cavite mutiny led by a Filipino soldier, Sgt. Lamadrid. This invitation was used by
the Spaniards as evidence against the three priests. The court accused them of inciting the revolt, even
though the evidence was not adequate. They were found guilty and sentenced to death by garrote. The
execution was carried out on February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan Field in Manila.

Gomburza or GOMBURZA is an acronym denoting the surnames of the priests Mariano Gómez, José
Apolonio Burgos, andJacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on 17 February 1872
at Bagumbayan in Manila, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of subversion arising
from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. Their execution had a profound effect on many Filipinos; José Rizal, the
national hero, would dedicate his novel El filibusterismo to their memory.
The uprising by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext needed by the authorities to redress a
perceived humiliation from the principal objective, José Burgos, who threatened the established order.

BACKROUND
During the Spanish colonial period, four social class distinctions were observed in the islands. These
were 1) Spaniards who were born in Spain— peninsulares, 2) Spaniards born in the colonies of Spain
(Latin America or the Philippines)—insulares or criollos, 3) Spanish mestizos, Chinese mestizos or 'Indios'
(natives) dwelling within or near the city (or town) and the church, and, finally, 4) Chinese or Sangley and
rural Indios.
Father Burgos was a criollo, a Doctor of Philosophy whose prominence extended even to Spain, such
that when the new Governor and Captain-General Carlos María de la Torre arrived from Spain to assume
his duties, he invited Burgos to sit beside him in his carriage during the inaugural procession, a place
traditionally reserved for the Archbishop and who was a peninsular Spaniard. The arrival of the liberal
governor De la Torre was opposed by the ruling minority of friars, regular priests who belonged to an
order (Dominicans,Augustinians, Recollects and Franciscans) and their allies in civil government, but
supported by the secular priests, most of whom weremestizos and indios assigned to parishes and far-
flung communities, who believed that the reforms and the equality they wanted with peninsular Spaniards
coming. In less than two years, De la Torre was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo.
THE CAVITE MUTINY
The so-called Cavite Mutiny of workers in the arsenal of the naval shipyard over pay reduction owing to
increased taxation produced a willing witness to implicate the three priests, who were summarily tried and
sentenced to death by garrote on February 17, 1872. The bodies of the three priests were buried in a
common, unmarked grave in the Paco Cemetery, in keeping with the practice of burying enemies of the
state. Significantly, in the archives of Spain, there is no record of how Izquierdo, himself a liberal, could
have been influenced to authorize these executions. Gregorio Meliton Martinez, then the Archbishop of
Manila, refused to defrock the priests, citing they did not break any canon law. He ordered the bells of
every church to be rung in honor of the executed priests. The aftermath of the investigation produced
scores of suspects, most of whom were exiled to Guam in the Marianas. Except for a few who managed
to escape to other ports like Hong Kong, most of the suspects died there.

RECOVERY OF REMAINS
Early in 1998, bones believed to belong to one of the three executed priests were discovered at the Paco
Park Cemetery by the Manila City Engineers Office.

Epekto ng pagbitay sa gomburza

Nag Dulot ng Malaking dagok sa mga Espanyol ang Pagkamatay Ng GomBurZa...
Ito ay Naganap sa Pamumuno ni gobernador heneral Rafael De Insquirdo...
Ipinapatay niya Ang GomBurZa Sa Kadahilanang Sila "daw" ay ang pasimuno ng malawakng pag-
aalsa sa Cavite...
Pinamumunuan ito ni Lamadrid, Isang meztisong espanyol, Siya ay nag alsa dahil sa siya ay
tinanggalng ng pribilehiyong di-makapagbayad ng Buwis at paggawa ng Polo...
Madali namang nahuli at napatay si lamadrid sa pamamagitan ng Garote...
Ang Tatlong pari (GomBurZa) ay Pinatay din sa pamamagitan ng Garote
Pagkatapos ng kaguluhan sa cavite noong 1872,Lalo itong nagdulot ng paghihirap sa mga Pilipino. Ang
Kanilang Mga kalayaan ay hindi bumuti, bagkus, lalo pa itong lumala. Ang Pagbitay sa GomBurZa ang
Gumising sa natutulog na kamalayan ng mga Pilipino...