JOB

HAZARD
ANALYSIS
Albert L. Asprec, M.D., M.O.H.
Occupations ...
 Skin disease from

Epoxy resin cement

Blisters
Accidents can occur when:
• Work is performed incorrectly
• Workers use hazardous materials
• Work under hazardous conditions
The process of determining the
hazards associated with a job is
often referred to as a JHA or a
Job Hazard Analysis.
Hazards that present risks to:
•Environment
•Safety
•Health
For proper ESH mgmt all jobs
should include a JHA
 Uses of a JHA
• Create / improve SOP’s
• Guide in observing employee
performance
• Accident investigation
• Safety inspection
 JHA involves 3 procedures

1. Identify basic steps of a job

2. Determine associated hazards
3. Make recommendations to
control the hazards
 Prioritizing JHA’s
• High Frequency of Accidents
• Increase occurrence of Near-Misses
• History of Serious Accidents / Fatalities
• Potential for Serious Harm
• New Jobs
• Changes in Procedures or Standards
 JHA Team
• Supervisor
• Employee most familiar with the job
• Other employees who perform the job
• Experts or specialists
(maintenance personnel, occupational
hygienists, ergonomists or engineers)
 JHA Steps
1. Identify basic steps of a job;
2. Determine associated hazards
3. Make recommendations to
control the hazards
 Identify the Basic Job Steps

1. Watch carefully as a worker

performs the entire job at least once
 Job or Operation Title
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
Department / Division Job Location Title of Employee Doing Job

Date Performed Performed by Verified by

Special or Primary Hazards

Personal Protective Equipment Required or Recommended

Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Recommended Corrective

Measures
2. As the operator performs the job
again, list the individual steps on
the left-hand column.
 Job or Operation Title
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
Department / Division Job Location Title of Employee Doing Job

Date Performed Performed by Verified by

Special or Primary Hazards

Personal Protective Equipment Required or Recommended

Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Recommended Corrective

Measures
3. Using simple action phrases that
are short and to the point
4. Steps should always be
numbered to indicate the order
 Job or Operation Title
JOB HAZARD
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Corrugated Box Bailing
Department / Division Job Location Title of Employee Doing Job
.
Beater Department Main Plant Baler Operator
Date Performed Performed by Verified by
6-15-01
Juan dela Cruz/Roberto Reyes/Caloy SantosNelson Noypi, Dept. Supervisor
Special or Primary Hazards
Hand/eye injuries, muscle strain
Personal Protective Equipment Required or Recommended
Gloves, arm guards, eye protection

Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Recommended Corrective

Measures
1. Transport broken down boxes to
baler using a cart

2. Transf er boxes f rom cart to baler

3. Compress boxes

4. Tie bale with wire

 Most common errors
• Describing the job in too much
detail, or
• Describing the job in too little
detail.
 Solution
List as steps only those tasks that
would be described to someone
being trained to perform the job
Video
 Determine the Hazards

Identify all of the existing or

potential actions or conditions that
could lead to an injury or illness, or
harm to the environment.
 Hazard Guide
• The physical actions required for
that specific step.
• The materials used.
• The equipment used.
• The conditions under which the
step is normally performed.
 Physical Action

• Force (weight)
• Frequency (repetition)
• Posture (prolonged)
• Position (distance)
Materials
• Chemicals
• Corrosive
• Flammable
• Volatile
Equipment
• Mechanical hazard
• Electrical hazard
 Conditions
• Noisy environment
• Temperatures extremes
• Vibration present
• Poor or high Illumination
• Pressure (atmospheric force)
• Prolonged hours
 "What if” Questions
• Anticipate hazardous situations
• Abnormal operating conditions
• Incorrect or out of sequence
• Additional attachments
• Replacements / alternatives
• Consequences
In Performing a Job Hazard Analysis

1. 1.1
1.2

2. 2.1
2.2
 Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards Recommended Corrective Action
1. Transport broken down boxes to 1A. Muscle strain f rom pushing heav y cart
baler using a cart

1B. Collision with v ehicles/obstacles

2. Transf er boxes f rom cart to baler
1C. Body parts caught between cart baler

3. Compress boxes
2A. Hands/f ingers caught in baler doors
4. Tie bale with wire 2B. Hands caught between doors and boxes

2C. Cuts f rom edges of cardboard

3A. Hands/f ingers caught in baler doors

3B. Struck by unlatched doors

4A. Hands/Fingers caught in baler doors

4B. Cuts/punctures f rom wire

 Recommending Corrective
Measures
• should be developed at the job
site whenever possible
• should be developed in sequence,
beginning with the first hazard
• must be specific
 Correcting the hazards
• Engineering control
• Administrative control
• Personal Protective Equipment
4 factors to control hazards

• Physical action
• Material
• Equipment
• Condition
 Physical Actions
• Modifying
• Rearranging
• Combining actions
• Change the process
• Training
• Use of PPE
 Physical Actions

List possible PPE even if

engineering controls have been
recommended
 Materials
• Substitution of materials
• Machine guarding
• Safeguarding
• Limit employee exposure
• Use of PPE
 Equipment
• Installation of machine guards
• Use automatic safeguard devices,
• Replacement of a particular piece
of equipment.
• Training, experience, skills
• Use of PPE should also be
considered
 Work Area Conditions
• Improved housekeeping procedures
• Installation of additional lighting
• Use ventilation system
• Noise reduction systems
• Vibration damping
• Provide machine guarding
 Work Area Conditions
• Relocation (isolation by place)
• Rescheduling (isolation by time)
• Redesign of the work area.
•  Height
•  Weight
•  Distance
In Performing a Job Hazard Analysis

1.1.1
1.1.2
1. 1.1 1.1.3
1.2

2. 2.1 1.2.1
2.2
1.2.2
1.2.3

Basic Job Steps Existing & Potential Hazards
1. Transport broken down boxes to 1A. Muscle strain f rom pushing heav y cart
baler using a cart
1B. Collision with v ehicles/obstacles
2. Transf er boxes f rom cart to baler
1C. Body parts caught between cart baler
3. Compress boxes
2A. Hands/f ingers caught in baler doors
4. Tie bale with wire 2B. Hands caught between doors and boxes
2C. Cuts f rom edges of cardboard
3A. Hands/f ingers caught in baler doors
3B. Struck by unlatched doors
4A. Hands/Fingers caught in baler doors
4B. Cuts/punctures f rom wire
Recommended Corrective
Measures
1A1. Prov ide motorized cart/tug
1A2. Palletize f lattened boxes
1B1. Install ov erhead mirrors at
intersections
1B2. Require daily remov al of all obstacles
1C1. Paint f loor to identif y where to park cart
1C2. Wear heav y glov es
2A1. Wear heav y glov es
2A2. Extend door handles away f rom
pinch-point
2B1. Wear heav y glov es
2C1. Wear heav y glov es, arm protection,
saf ety glasses
3A1. Wear heav y glov es
3A2. Extend door handles
3B1. Install automatic latches/interlock
sy stem
4A1. Wear heav y glov es
4A2. Extend door handles
4B1. Wear glov es, arm protection, saf ety
glasses
USING A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

• Developing or updating SOP’s

• Training employees
• Observing employee performance
• Conducting inspections
• Investigating accidents
 Develop / improve SOP’s
• To constantly improve / develop
written procedures to perform the
job in the safest & healthiest way
possible.
 Employee Training
• Ensuring that each job step is
performed safely & efficiently
• To point out particular job steps /
hazards that require special
precautions.
• Refresher training (infrequent jobs)
• Increase awareness on hazards
 Employee Observations
• Guide in employee performance
observations
• Allows supervisors to focus on
especially hazardous steps
• Ensures employee is performing
steps according to SOP
 Inspections
• When developing inspection
checklists, supervisors can use
JHA’s to help identify hazardous
conditions that may need to be
included.
 Accident Investigations
• To determine if the job was being
performed incorrectly
• To tell if a hazard was overlooked
in the initial analysis.
 Summary
JHA’s improve ESH management
To perform an accurate & complete
JHA :
• Select the job to be analyzed;
• Assemble a team
 Step 1
• Observe the job as it is performed
to break it down into basic steps;
 Step 2
• Analyze each step to determine
what, if any, hazards could
possibly occur; and
 Step 3
• Develop recommendations for
eliminating or controlling the
hazards associated with each step.
ESH
JHA’s - a simple step to safety
 rr!
Grr

As you leave for work today, you discover that your car has a flat tire.
The car is parked on level ground, and the parking brake is already
set. The bumper jack and spare tire are both in good condition and
stored in the car’s trunk.
Job Steps
1. Remove jack, spare tire, and lug wrench from
trunk.
2. Loosen lug nuts.
3. Raise jack.
4. Remove flat tire.
5. Install spare tire.
6. Lower jack.
7. Tighten lug nuts.
8. Place tire, jack and lug wrench in trunk.